Development of new remediation technologies for contaminated soils based on the application of zero-valent iron nanoparticles and bioremediation with compost

This study aimed to develop new techniques for the remediation of contaminated soils based on the applicationof zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) and bioremediation with compost from organic wastesand a mixed technique of both. An assessment of the effectiveness of remediation in two soils contaminatedwith hydrocarbons and heavy metals was carried out, with the aim of looking for positive synergiesby combining the two techniques, and demonstrating their viability on an industrial scale. The applicationof nZVI for in situ immobilization of As and Cr in two different soils (Soil I from a contaminatedindustrial site and Soil II, contaminated artificially) showed a decrease in the concentration of As in SoilI and Soil II, as well as a decrease in Cr concentration for Soil I and Soil II in the leachate of both soils.The addition of compost and nanoparticles under uncontrolled environmental conditions in biopiles wasable to produce a decrease in the concentration of aliphatic hydrocarbons of up to 60% in the two soils.Especially, degradation and transformation of longer chains occurred. A significant reduction of ecotoxicitywas observed throughout the process in the biopile of soil II, not reaching the LC50 even with 100%of the sample after the treatment, in both earthworm and seeds growth tests

Are 3D virtual environments better than 2D interfaces in serious games performance? An explorative study for the assessment of executive functions

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Applied Neuropsychology: Adult on 05/09/2019, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/23279095.2019.1607735[EN] Executive functions refer to higher-order cognitive processes that supervise and guide goaldirected and adaptive behaviors in response to everyday situations. The traditional measures used to assess executive functions include paper-and-pencil tests and/or computerized tests that have been found to have a moderate level of ecological validity in predicting real-world performance. Serious games (SG) represent a novel methodological approach, allowing investigating subjects¿ performance in real-simulated situations. Serious games are computer games whose primary purposes include investigating human behaviors and changes. Furthermore, SG can also vary according to the technology used and the interaction. Indeed, a SG can be rendered via a nonimmersive screen-based (2D) or via an immersive virtual reality game (3D). Starting from these premises, we compared a narrativecontextualized SG in 2D and 3D, correlating them with traditional tests. Findings showed different condition correlations with the traditional tasks and the comparison between the two systems have revealed that 3D is able to generate lower reaction times, higher correct answers, and lower perseverative responses in attentional abilities, inhibition control, and cognitive shifting than 2D condition. The present study yielded evidence on the use of more ecological tools to identify the functional cognitive status in real-simulated contexts along with traditional evaluation.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness funded project Advanced Therapeutically Tools for Mental Health (DPI2016-77396-R).Chicchi-Giglioli, IA.; Juan-Ripoll, CD.; Parra Vargas, E.; Alcañiz Raya, ML. 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The evaluation as a tool for training of learning through the remote laboratories

[EN] The article provides information about the evaluation process that were conducted during the design of the RIPLECS instructional approach, system remote labs, evaluation methodologies and lifelong learning. The research project “Remote-labs access in Internetbased Performance-centred Learning Environment for curriculum Support” present the objective of the definition and development of an infrastructure based on European telematics for the organization of curriculum through practice based on remote laboratories (RIPLECS). The objective of this paper is to test the learning outcomes related to training within virtual remote laboratories in the area of electronics, electrical engineering and control. Different methods for data collection were used: questionnaires, interviews, peer reviews and achievement tests. Through direct and indirect assessment has shown that RIPLECS, remote labs in virtual courses system improved the learning experience of students. Students acquire new knowledge and skills that increase their chances on the labor market. Through evaluation we showed that it is easy to use, easy to learn how to use it and facilitating a task. A gap was identified between expectations of the students before and their experiences after working with the new approach by innovative emerging technologies applied to learning[ES] El presente artículo proporciona información sobre el proceso de evaluación como instrumento de formación dentro del proyecto RIPLECS basado en sistemas de laboratorios remotos, metodologías de evaluación y aprendizaje permanente. El proyecto de investigación “Remote-labs access in Internet-based Performance-centred Learning Environment for currículum Support” tiene como objetivo la definición y desarrollo de una infraestructura basada en la telemática europea para la organización de los currículums a través de la práctica basada en laboratorios remotos (RIPLECS).El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar la evaluación como instrumento de mejora para la formación a través del control de distintos indicadores que inducen en los resultados de aprendizaje relacionados con la formación en laboratorios remotos en el área de ingeniería electrónica, eléctrica y control. Se utilizaron diferentes métodos para la recopilación de datos: cuestionarios, entrevistas, revisión de pares y pruebas de rendimiento.A través de la evaluación directa e indirecta se ha demostrado que el sistema RIPLECS, laboratorios remotos en los cursos virtuales mejoró la experiencia de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Los estudiantes adquirieron nuevos conocimientos y habilidades que aumentarían sus posibilidades en el mercado laboral. A través de la evaluación se demostró que este sistema es fácil de usar, aprender y facilita la tarea. Se identificaron altas expectativas de los estudiantes con los laboratorios remotos mediante tecnologías emergentes innovadoras aplicadas al aprendizajeAlbert Gómez, MJ.; García Pérez Calabuig, M.; Díaz Orueta, G. (2016). La evaluación como instrumento de formación para el aprendizaje a través de los laboratorios remotos. REDU. Revista de Docencia Universitaria. 14(1):377-406. doi:10.4995/redu.2016.5788.SWORD37740614

Development of new remediation technologies for contaminated soils based on the application of zero-valent iron nanoparticles and bioremediation with compost

This study aimed to develop new techniques for the remediation of contaminated soils based on the application of zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) and bioremediation with compost from organic wastes and a mixed technique of both. An assessment of the effectiveness of remediation in two soils contaminated with hydrocarbons and heavy metals was carried out, with the aim of looking for positive synergies by combining the two techniques, and demonstrating their viability on an industrial scale. The application of nZVI for in situ immobilization of As and Cr in two different soils (Soil I from a contaminated industrial site and Soil II, contaminated artificially) showed a decrease in the concentration of As in Soil I and Soil II, as well as a decrease in Cr concentration for Soil I and Soil II in the leachate of both soils. The addition of compost and nanoparticles under uncontrolled environmental conditions in biopiles was able to produce a decrease in the concentration of aliphatic hydrocarbons of up to 60% in the two soils. Especially, degradation and transformation of longer chains occurred. A significant reduction of ecotoxicity was observed throughout the process in the biopile of soil II, not reaching the LC50 even with 100% of the sample after the treatment, in both earthworm and seeds growth tests. [All rights reserved Elsevier]

Aplicación de índices de vegetación para evaluar la falta de producción de pastos y montaneras en dehesas.

El ganado porcino ibérico aprovecha los recursos naturales de la dehesa mediante montanera, principalmente la bellota y los pastos existentes. La línea 133 de los seguros agrarios españoles recoge el seguro de compensación por pérdida de pastos, solo para bovino reproductor y de lidia, ovino, caprino y equino, no incluyen los cerdos en montanera. Emplea un Índice de Vegetación de la Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI) medido por satélite sobre pastos desarbolados. El objetivo es comprobar si se puede utilizar un índice de vegetación para estimar la producción de pasto y bellota. Se han tomado datos del aforo de montaneras desde 1999 al 2005, y del pasto en dehesas de Salamanca (Vitigudino), Cáceres (Trujillo) y Córdoba (Pozoblanco) durante 2010 al 2012. Con los datos de 2010 y 2011 se estableció una función de producción del pasto fresco en función del NDVI, mostrando un coeficiente de correlación de 0,975, altamente significativa. Los datos obtenidos en 2012 se utilizaron para validar la función de producción de pasto fresco. La comparación entre los valores observados y simulados para 2012 ha mostrado un coeficiente de correlación de 0,734. Como conclusión, el NDVI puede ser un buen estimador de la cantidad de pasto fresco en dehesas españolas

Characterization of soil erosion indicators using hyperspectral data from a Mediterranean rainfed cultivated region

The determination of surface soil properties is an important application of remotely sensed hyperspectral imagery. Moreover, different soil properties can be associated with erosion processes, with significant implications for land management and agricultural uses. This study integrates hyperspectral data supported by morphological and physico-chemical ground data to identify and map soil properties that can be used to assess soil erosion and accumulation. These properties characterize different soil horizons that emerge at the surface as a consequence of the intensity of the erosion processes, or the result of accumulation conditions. This study includes: 1) field and laboratory characterization of the main soil types in the study area; 2) identification and definition of indicators of soil erosion and accumulation stages (SEAS); 3) compilation of the site-specific MEDiterranean Soil Erosion Stages (MEDSES) spectral library of soil surface characteristics using field spectroscopy; 4) using hyperspectral airborne data to determine a set of endmembers for different SEAS and introducing these into the support vector machine (SVM) classifier to obtain their spatial distribution; and 5) evaluation of the accuracy of the classification applying a field validation protocol. The study region is located within an agricultural region in Central Spain, representative of Mediterranean agricultural uses dominated by a gently sloping relief, and characterized by soils with contrasting horizons. Results show that the proposed method is successful in mapping different SEAS that indicate preservation, partial loss, or complete loss of fertile soils, as well as down-slope accumulation of different soil materials

Model design to predict forest fire risk in Navarra (Spain) using time series analysis

Understand and predict how forest fire potential changes over time are essential for prioritizing forest management activities and reducing damage. Nowadays we lack the capacity to predict future forest fire trends in response to climate change. The main goal of this research is to build an empirical model to describe, estimate and forecast the forest fires dynamics using the improved Fire Potential Index (FPI) (Huesca et al., 2007) as indicator of fire

Floral temperature and optimal foraging: is heat a feasible floral reward for pollinators?

As well as nutritional rewards, some plants also reward ectothermic pollinators with warmth. Bumble bees have some control over their temperature, but have been shown to forage at warmer flowers when given a choice, suggesting that there is some advantage to them of foraging at warm flowers (such as reducing the energy required to raise their body to flight temperature before leaving the flower). We describe a model that considers how a heat reward affects the foraging behaviour in a thermogenic central-place forager (such as a bumble bee). We show that although the pollinator should spend a longer time on individual flowers if they are warm, the increase in total visit time is likely to be small. The pollinator's net rate of energy gain will be increased by landing on warmer flowers. Therefore, if a plant provides a heat reward, it could reduce the amount of nectar it produces, whilst still providing its pollinator with the same net rate of gain. We suggest how heat rewards may link with plant life history strategies

Ornamental plants and the production of nature(s) in the Spanish real estate boom and bust: the case of Alicante

The Spanish real estate boom and bust of the 2000s caused immense economic, social, and environmental changes across the country. Massive urbanization, however, does not necessarily entail the end of nature and natural processes, instead marking a radical transformation of environments and societies. Through a political ecology approach, we analyze how ornamental species have become a fundamental part of new natures induced by urbanization in the Spanish province of Alicante. We connect the economic and ecological characteristics of ornamental plants like the palm tree to urbanization and real estate trends in Alicante. Our evidence indicates that, in Alicante, economic recession and environmental crises (manifested in the pests affecting palm trees) have mutually reinforced one other, creating a new geography of ecological desolation in many areas.Financial support for this research was provided by the Spanish CICYT under grants [grant number CSO2009-12772-03-01], [grant number CSO2009-12772-03-03]

Measurement of health-related quality by multimorbidity groups in primary health care

[EN] Background: Increased life expectancy in Western societies does not necessarily mean better quality of life. To improve resources management, management systems have been set up in health systems to stratify patients according to morbidity, such as Clinical Risk Groups (CRG). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of multimorbidity on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in primary care. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study, based on a representative random sample (n = 306) of adults from a health district (N = 32,667) in east Spain (Valencian Community), was conducted in 2013. Multimorbidity was measured by stratifying the population with the CRG system into nine mean health statuses (MHS). HRQL was assessed by EQ-5D dimensions and the EQ Visual Analogue Scale (EQ VAS). The effect of the CRG system, age and gender on the utility value and VAS was analysed by multiple linear regression. A predictive analysis was run by binary logistic regression with all the sample groups classified according to the CRG system into the five HRQL dimensions by taking the ¿healthy¿ group as a reference. Multivariate logistic regression studied the joint influence of the nine CRG system MHS, age and gender on the five EQ-5D dimensions. Results: Of the 306 subjects, 165 were female (mean age of 53). The most affected dimension was pain/discomfort (53%), followed by anxiety/depression (42%). The EQ-5D utility value and EQ VAS progressively lowered for the MHS with higher morbidity, except for MHS 6, more affected in the five dimensions, save self-care, which exceeded MHS 7 patients who were older, and MHS 8 and 9 patients, whose condition was more serious. The CRG system alone was the variable that best explained health problems in HRQL with 17%, which rose to 21% when associated with female gender. Age explained only 4%. Conclusions: This work demonstrates that the multimorbidity groups obtained by the CRG classification system can be used as an overall indicator of HRQL. These utility values can be employed for health policy decisions based on cost-effectiveness to estimate incremental quality-adjusted life years (QALY) with routinely e-health data. Patients under 65 years with multimorbidity perceived worse HRQL than older patients or disease severity. Knowledge of multimorbidity with a stronger impact can help primary healthcare doctors to pay attention to these population groups.The authors would like to thank the Conselleria de Sanitat Universal i Sanitat Pública of the Generalitat Valenciana (the Regional Valencian Health Government) for providing the study data. We would also like to thank Helen Warbuton for editing the English.Milá-Perseguer, M.; Guadalajara Olmeda, MN.; Vivas-Consuelo, D.; Usó-Talamantes, R. (2019). 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