1,764 research outputs found
Planning the forest transport systems based on the principles of sustainable development of territories
The article identifies a new method of dynamic modeling in the design of the transport system in the forest fund (TSFF), which is based on economic and mathematical modeling and fuzzy logic tools. The combination of the indicated methods is designed to reduce the disadvantages of their use and increase the benefits. The article substantiates the choice of assessing the forecast level of the impact of risks on the activities of forestry enterprises (the method of expert assessments), using the methodological tools of fuzzy logic. The indicated method makes it possible to take into account a large variety of risk factors of the internal and external environment. At the same time, methodological aspects of fuzzy logic make it possible to formulate a quantitative assessment of qualitative indicators. The article substantiates the choice of tools for economic and mathematical modeling in order to state the design problem of the planned TSFF. Since the indicated method enables the formalization of the functioning of the timber transport system in the given conditions. The article presents a developed model that correctly takes into account the influence of risk factors when planning a TSFF, through the combination of fuzzy logic methods and economic and mathematical modeling. The advantages of the developed model include: considering the multivariance of material flows, vehicles, points of overload, etc.; automated processing of input parameters and effective data; using the model for forecasting, i.e. the possibility of deriving a fuzzy estimate of the efficiency of the timber transport system by identifying cause-effect relationships between the modeling object and the influence of risk factors on its functioning. Β© 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd
ΠΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π·Π΅ΠΉ Π· Π»ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Salix viminalis L.
The increase in the number of purulent-inflammatory diseases and postoperative purulent complications, as well as deterioration of the results of treating purulent surgical infections, including the formation of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms, leads to the search for effective antimicrobial substances. Plant extracts can be used for these purposes.Aim. To expand the range of domestic ointments containing substances of natural origin as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). To achieve the aim the team of authors has studied the possibility of developing an ointment on a hydrophilic base using the lipophilic extract from Salix viminalis shoots as API and the analysis of its antimicrobial properties.Materials and methods. As the study object the samples of semisolid medicinal forms containing the lipophilic extract from Salix viminalis shoots in the concentration from 1 % to 10 % on a hydrophilic ointment base with Tween-80, propylene glycol (PG) solution and an alloy of polyethylene oxides (PEO) 400 and 1500 were used. As the method of the samples efficiency control the method of diffusion into agar with the growth inhibition zone determination was chosen. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Esherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 4636 and Candida albicans ATCC 885-653 strains were used.Results and discussion. The studies conducted have proven the presence of the antimicrobial activity in the samples of ointments on a complex hydrophilic base. A gradual increase in the antimicrobial activity of ointments has been found with an increase in the concentration of the extract from Salix viminalis shoots. The results obtained can be used as the base for further biopharmaceutical research and the aim implementation.Conclusions. As a result of the studies conducted the optimal concentration of the Salix viminalis extract in the ointment composition on the hydrophilic base has been determined. The composition developed exhibits a pronounced antimicrobial activity against strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Basillus subtilis and Candida albicans. The ointment can be used to treat infectious complications of wounds.ΠΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π³Π½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎ-Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Π³Π½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π·Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΠ€Π) ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΈ Π½Π° Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΠ€Π Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΅Π΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ².ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ (Salix viminalis L.) Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ 1 % Π΄ΠΎ 10 % Π½Π° Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π·Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½-80, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ (ΠΠ) ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (ΠΠΠ) 400 ΠΈ 1500. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π°Π³Π°Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, EsΡherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 4636 ΠΈ Candida albicans ATCC 885-653.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°Π·Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π·Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π±Π°Π·Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΈ Π½Π° Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΠΌ Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Basillus subtilis ΠΈ Candida albicans. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½.ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π³Π½ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎ-Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π³Π½ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½Π΅Π½Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² Π»ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π³Π½ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΡΡΡΡΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΉ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Ρ Π·Π°Π²Π΄ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈ-Π±ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ² ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΡΠ² Π·ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΊ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈ.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π·Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΡΡΠ² (ΠΠ€Π) ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΠ² Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π·Ρ Π½Π° Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ€Π Π»ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Salix viminalis L. ΡΠ° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ· ΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡ
Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. Π£ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΊΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌβΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ Π· ΠΏΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Π²Π΅ΡΠ±ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ±Π½ΠΎΡ (Salix viminalis L.) Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ 1 % Π΄ΠΎ 10 % Π½Π° Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎ-ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°Π·Π΅Π²ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ, ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ½-80, ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ (ΠΠ) ΡΠ° ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² (ΠΠΠ) 400 ΡΠ° 1500. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΡΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ·ΡΡ Π² Π°Π³Π°Ρ Π· Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΡΠ². ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, EsΡherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 4636 ΡΠ° Candida albicans ATCC 885-653.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΡΠ² ΠΌΠ°Π·Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅ Π·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π·Π΅ΠΉ Π· ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ±ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ±Π½ΠΎΡ. ΠΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ.ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. Π£ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ±ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ±Π½ΠΎΡ Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π·Ρ Π½Π° Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ² Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Basillus subtilis ΡΠ° Candida albicans Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π»ΡΠΊΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π½
Universal fractal structures in the weak interaction of solitary waves in generalized nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equations
Weak interactions of solitary waves in the generalized nonlinear
Schr\"{o}dinger equations are studied. It is first shown that these
interactions exhibit similar fractal dependence on initial conditions for
different nonlinearities. Then by using the Karpman-Solov'ev method, a
universal system of dynamical equations is derived for the velocities,
amplitudes, positions and phases of interacting solitary waves. These dynamical
equations contain a single parameter, which accounts for the different forms of
nonlinearity. When this parameter is zero, these dynamical equations are
integrable, and the exact analytical solutions are derived. When this parameter
is non-zero, the dynamical equations exhibit fractal structures which match
those in the original wave equations both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Thus the universal nature of fractal structures in the weak interaction of
solitary waves is analytically established. The origin of these fractal
structures is also explored. It is shown that these structures bifurcate from
the initial conditions where the solutions of the integrable dynamical
equations develop finite-time singularities. Based on this observation, an
analytical criterion for the existence and locations of fractal structures is
obtained. Lastly, these analytical results are applied to the generalized
nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equations with various nonlinearities such as the
saturable nonlinearity, and predictions on their weak interactions of solitary
waves are made.Comment: 22pages, 15 figure
Magnetic field dependence of antiferromagnetic resonance in NiO
We report on measurements of magnetic field and temperature dependence of antiferromagnetic resonances in the prototypical antiferromagnet NiO. The frequencies of the magnetic resonances in the vicinity of 1βTHz have been determined in the time-domain via time-resolved Faraday measurements after selective excitation by narrow-band superradiant terahertz (THz) pulses at temperatures down to 3βK and in magnetic fields up to 10βT. The measurements reveal two antiferromagnetic resonance modes, which can be distinguished by their characteristic magnetic field dependencies. The nature of the two modes is discussed by comparison to an eight-sublattice antiferromagnetic model, which includes superexchange between the next-nearest-neighbor Ni spins, magnetic dipolar interactions, cubic magneto-crystalline anisotropy, and Zeeman interaction with the external magnetic field. Our study indicates that a two-sublattice model is insufficient for the description of spin dynamics in NiO, while the magnetic-dipolar interactions and magneto-crystalline anisotropy play important roles
Sub-milliarcsecond Imaging of Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei. IV. Fine Scale Structure
We have used VLBA fringe visibility data obtained at 15 GHz to examine the
compact structure in 250 extragalactic radio sources. For 171 sources in our
sample, more than half of the total flux density seen by the VLBA remains
unresolved on the longest baselines. There are 163 sources in our list with a
median correlated flux density at 15 GHz in excess of 0.5 Jy on the longest
baselines. For about 60% of the sources, we have at least one observation in
which the core component appears unresolved (generally smaller than 0.05 mas)
in one direction, usually transverse to the direction into which the jet
extends. BL Lacs are on average more compact than quasars, while active
galaxies are on average less compact. Also, in an active galaxy the
sub-milliarcsecond core component tends to be less dominant. IDV sources
typically have a more compact, more core-dominated structure on
sub-milliarcsecond scales than non-IDV sources, and sources with a greater
amplitude of intra-day variations tend to have a greater unresolved VLBA flux
density. The objects known to be GeV gamma-ray loud appear to have a more
compact VLBA structure than the other sources in our sample. This suggests that
the mechanisms for the production of gamma-ray emission and for the generation
of compact radio synchrotron emitting features are related. The brightness
temperature estimates and lower limits for the cores in our sample typically
range between 10^11 and 10^13 K, but they extend up to 5x10^13 K, apparently in
excess of the equipartition brightness temperature, or the inverse Compton
limit for stationary synchrotron sources. The largest component speeds are
observed in radio sources with high observed brightness temperatures, as would
be expected from relativistic beaming (abridged).Comment: 31 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in the
Astronomical Journal; minor changes to the text are mad
Deformation of LeBrun's ALE metrics with negative mass
In this article we investigate deformations of a scalar-flat K\"ahler metric
on the total space of complex line bundles over CP^1 constructed by C. LeBrun.
In particular, we find that the metric is included in a one-dimensional family
of such metrics on the four-manifold, where the complex structure in the
deformation is not the standard one.Comment: 20 pages, no figure. V2: added two references, filled a gap in the
proof of Theorem 1.2. V3: corrected a wrong statement about Kuranishi family
of a Hirzebruch surface stated in the last paragraph in the proof of Theorem
1.2, and fixed a relevant error in the proof. Also added a reference [24]
about Kuranishi family of Hirzebruch surface
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