Stereocontrolled synthesis of enantiopure cis- and trans-3,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-1H-quinolin-2-ones

Starting from the 8-allyl substituted oxazolopiperidone lactam 2b, which is easily accessible from (R)-phenylglycinol and racemic δ-oxoester 1a, two-step sequences involving a stereoselective α-amidoalkylation reaction, either with inversion or retention of configuration, followed by a ring-closing metathesis, provide diastereodivergent routes to enantiopure cis- and trans-3,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-1H-quinolin-2-ones

Control of a Dual Fed Open End Winding SPMSM with a Floating Capacitor

Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (SPMSM) are not the first choice when a motor drive is required to operate over a wide speed range with an extended Constant Power Speed Range (CPSR). Nevertheless, SPMSMs offer high torque density, high efficiency simple manufacturing process and robustness which makes them an attractive alternative to Interior PMSMs. The Open End Winding (OEW) dual inverter topology, with one of the two Voltage Source Inverters (VSI) connected to a floating capacitor (FC), has shown to be capable of significantly increasing the operating speed range and CPSR of the SPMSM at the price of an increased controller complexity. In this paper, the analytical state space model of the OEW-FC SPMSM is derived, a state feedback controller is proposed and a possible tuning strategy is given to allow for high dynamics over the whole operating range and simplified controller design and tuning

An enantioselective entry to cis-perhydroisoquinolines

An enantioselective route to cis-perhydroisoquinolines, involving a cyclocondensation reaction of (R)-phenylglycinol with a racemic oxoester, a stereoselective conjugate addition to an unsaturated bicyclic lactam, and the closure of the carbocyclic ring by a ring-closing metathesis as the key steps is reported. This route allows the preparation of 3-cyano derivatives as well as cis-octahydroisoquinolines bearing a quaternary center at the C4-position

An enantioselective entry to cis-perhydroisoquinolines

An enantioselective route to cis-perhydroisoquinolines, involving a cyclocondensation reaction of (R)-phenylglycinol with a racemic oxoester, a stereoselective conjugate addition to an unsaturated bicyclic lactam, and the closure of the carbocyclic ring by a ring-closing metathesis as the key steps is reported. This route allows the preparation of 3-cyano derivatives as well as cis-octahydroisoquinolines bearing a quaternary center at the C4-position

Cholinergic nitric oxide release from the urinary bladder mucosa in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis of the anaesthetized rat

Background and purpose: Previous reports have suggested that nitric oxide (NO) may be released by cholinergic stimuli in the rat bladder in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis, affecting bladder function. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis on muscarinic whole bladder contractile responses in vivo, and further, if NO might be released from the mucosa by cholinergic stimuli