3,695 research outputs found
Non-Markovian source term for particle production by a self-interacting scalar field in the large-N approximation
The particle production in the self-interacting N-component complex scalar
field theory is studied at large N. A non-Markovian source term that includes
all higher order back-reaction and collision effects is derived. The kinetic
amplitudes accounting for the change in the particle number density caused by
collisions are obtained. It is shown that the production of particles is
symmetric in the momentum space. The problem of renormalization is briefly
discussed.Comment: minor changes, journal versio
Net Baryon Fluctuations from a Crossover Equation of State
We have constructed an equation of state which smoothly interpolates between
an excluded volume hadron resonance gas at low energy density to a plasma of
quarks and gluons at high energy density. This crossover equation of state
agrees very well with lattice calculations at both zero and nonzero baryon
chemical potential. We use it to compute the variance, skewness, and kurtosis
of fluctuations of baryon number, and compare to measurements of proton number
fluctuations in central Au-Au collisions as measured by the STAR collaboration
in a beam energy scan at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The crossover
equation of state can reproduce the data if the fluctuations are frozen out at
temperatures well below than the average chemical freeze-out.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
arXiv:1506.0340
Matching Excluded Volume Hadron Resonance Gas Models and Perturbative QCD to Lattice Calculations
We match three hadronic equations of state at low energy densities to a
perturbatively computed equation of state of quarks and gluons at high energy
densities. One of them includes all known hadrons treated as point particles,
which approximates attractive interactions among hadrons. The other two
include, in addition, repulsive interactions in the form of excluded volumes
occupied by the hadrons. A switching function is employed to make the crossover
transition from one phase to another without introducing a thermodynamic phase
transition. A chi-square fit to accurate lattice calculations with temperature
MeV determines the parameters. These parameters quantify the
behavior of the QCD running gauge coupling and the hard core radius of protons
and neutrons, which turns out to be fm. The most physically
reasonable models include the excluded volume effect. Not only do they include
the effects of attractive and repulsive interactions among hadrons, but they
also achieve better agreement with lattice QCD calculations of the equation of
state. The equations of state constructed in this paper do not result in a
phase transition, at least not for the temperatures and baryon chemical
potentials investigated. It remains to be seen how well these equations of
state will represent experimental data on high energy heavy ion collisions when
implemented in hydrodynamic simulations.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figure
Modification of Z Boson Properties in Quark-Gluon Plasma
We calculate the change in the effective mass and width of a Z boson in the
environment of a quark-gluon plasma under the conditions expected in Pb-Pb
collisions at the LHC. The change in width is predicted to be only about 1 MeV
at a temperature of 1 GeV, compared to the natural width of 24907 MeV. The
mass shift is even smaller. Hence no observable effects are to be expected.Comment: 7 pages latex file with 6 embedded PS figure
Thermal Conductivity and Chiral Critical Point in Heavy Ion Collisions
Background: Quantum Chromodynamics is expected to have a phase transition in
the same static universality class as the 3D Ising model and the liquid-gas
phase transition. The properties of the equation of state, the transport
coefficients, and especially the location of the critical point are under
intense theoretical investigation. Some experiments are underway, and many more
are planned, at high energy heavy ion accelerators. Purpose: Develop a model of
the thermal conductivity, which diverges at the critical point, and use it to
study the impact of hydrodynamic fluctuations on observables in high energy
heavy ion collisions. Methods: We apply mode coupling theory, together with a
previously developed model of the free energy that incorporates the critical
exponents and amplitudes, to construct a model of the thermal conductivity in
the vicinity of the critical point. The effect of the thermal conductivity on
correlation functions in heavy ion collisions is studied in a boost invariant
hydrodynamic model via fluctuations, or noise. Results: We find that the closer
a thermodynamic trajectory comes to the critical point the greater is the
magnitude of the fluctuations in thermodynamic variables and in the 2-particle
correlation functions in momentum space. Conclusions: It may be possible to
discern the existence of a critical point, its location, and thermodynamic and
transport properties near to it in heavy ion collisions using the methods
developed here.Comment: 36 pages, 8 figures. Version published in Phys.Rev.C86, 054911
(2012). It contains some minor improvements with respect to v1: further
clarifications, small changes on figures and two extra reference
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