On the critical free-surface flow over localised topography

Flow over bottom topography at critical Froude number is examined with a focus on steady, forced solitary wave solutions with algebraic decay in the far-field, and their stability. Using the forced Korteweg-de Vries (fKdV) equation the weakly-nonlinear steady solution space is examined in detail for the particular case of a Gaussian dip using a combination of asymptotic analysis and numerical computations. Non-uniqueness is established and a seemingly infinite set of steady solutions is uncovered. Non-uniqueness is also demonstrated for the fully nonlinear problem via boundary-integral calculations. It is shown analytically that critical flow solutions have algebraic decay in the far-field both for the fKdV equation and for the fully nonlinear problem and, moreover, that the leading-order form of the decay is the same in both cases. The linear stability of the steady fKdV solutions is examined via eigenvalue computations and by a numerical study of the initial value fKdV problem. It is shown that there exists a linearly stable steady solution in which the deflection from the otherwise uniform surface level is everywhere negative

A simple model for global H i profiles of galaxies

Context. Current and future blind surveys for H i generate large catalogs of spectral lines for which automated characterisation would be convenient

A Cone Jet-Finding Algorithm for Heavy-Ion Collisions at LHC Energies

Standard jet finding techniques used in elementary particle collisions have not been successful in the high track density of heavy-ion collisions. This paper describes a modified cone-type jet finding algorithm developed for the complex environment of heavy-ion collisions. The primary modification to the algorithm is the evaluation and subtraction of the large background energy, arising from uncorrelated soft hadrons, in each collision. A detailed analysis of the background energy and its event-by-event fluctuations has been performed on simulated data, and a method developed to estimate the background energy inside the jet cone from the measured energy outside the cone on an event-by-event basis. The algorithm has been tested using Monte-Carlo simulations of Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5.5$ TeV for the ALICE detector at the LHC. The algorithm can reconstruct jets with a transverse energy of 50 GeV and above with an energy resolution of $\sim30$.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure

Predicting lung cancer recurrence from circulating tumour DNA. Commentary on 'Phylogenetic ctDNA analysis depicts early-stage lung cancer evolution'

No abstract available

Robotic-arm assisted versus conventional unicompartmental knee arthroplasty : exploratory secondary analysis of a Randomised Controlled Trial

Objectives: This study reports on a secondary exploratory analysis of the early clinical outcomes of an randomised clinical trial comparing Robotic-arm Assisted Uni-compartmental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA) for medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee compared to Manual UKA performed using traditional surgical jigs. This follows reporting of primary outcomes of implant accuracy and gait analysis that showed significant advantages in the Robotic-arm assisted group.Methods139 patients were recruited from a single centre. Patients were randomised to receive either a manual UKA implanted with the aid of traditional surgical jigs, or a UKA implanted with the aid of a tactile guided Robotic-arm Assisted system. Outcome measures included: American Knee Society Score (AKSS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), Hospital Anxiety Depression (HAD) Scale, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Activity Scale, SF-12, Pain Catastrophising Scale (PCS), Somatic Disease (Primary care evaluation of mental disorders [PRIME-MD] score), Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Analgesic use, Patient Satisfaction, complications relating to surgery, 90 day Pain diaries and the requirement for revision surgery.ResultsFrom day 1 post-operation through to week 8 post-operation the median pain scores for Robotic-arm Assisted group were 55.4% lower than those observed in the Manual surgery group (p = 0.040). A greater proportion of patients receiving Robotic-arm Assisted surgery improved their UCLA activity score.At 3 months post-operation, the Robotic-arm Assisted group had better AKSS scores (Robotic median 164 (Quarter 1 131, Quarter 3 178), Manual 143 (Quarter 1 132, Quarter 3 166)), although no difference was noted with the OKS.At 1 year post-operation, the observed differences with the AKSS had narrowed from 21 points to 7 points (p = 0.106) (Robotic median=171 (Quarter 1 153, Quarter 3 179), Manual median=164 (Quarter 1 144, Quarter 3 182 No difference was observed with the OKS, and almost half of each group reached the ceiling limit of the score (OKS > 43).The key factors associated with achieving excellent outcome on the AKSS were a pre-operative activity level > 5 on the UCLA activity score and use of Robotic-arm surgery. Factors associated with a poor outcome were manual surgery and pre-operative depression.Conclusions: Robotic-arm assisted surgery results in improved early pain scores and early function scores in some patient reported outcomes measures, but no difference was observed, at 1 year post operatively. Although improved results favoured the Robotic arm assisted group in active patients (i.e. UCLA > = 5), these do not withstand more stringent multiplicity adjustments

A cohort study of influences, health outcomes and costs of patients' health-seeking behaviour for minor ailments from primary and emergency care settings

To compare health-related and cost-related outcomes of consultations for symptoms suggestive of minor ailments in emergency departments (EDs), general practices and community pharmacies

H I content in Coma cluster substructure

Context. Galaxy clusters are some of largest structures in the universe. These very dense environments tend to be home to higher numbers of evolved galaxies than found in lower-density environments. It is well known that dense environments can influence the evolution of galaxies through the removal of the neutral gas (H I) reservoirs that fuel star formation. It is unclear which environment has a stronger effect: the local environment (i.e., the substructure within the cluster), or the cluster itself. Aims: Using the new H I data from the Westerbork Coma Survey, we explore the average H I content of galaxies across the cluster comparing galaxies that reside in substructure to those that do not. Methods: We applied the Dressler-Shectman test to our newly compiled redshift catalogue of the Coma cluster to search for substructure. With so few of the Coma galaxies directly detected in H I, we used the H I stacking technique to probe the average H I content below what can be directly detected. Results: Using the Dressler-Shectman test, we find 15 substructures within the footprint of the Westerbork Coma Survey. We compare the average H I content for galaxies within substructure to those not in substructure. Using the H I stacking technique, we find that those Coma galaxies not detected in H I are more than 10-50 times more H I deficient than expected, which supports the scenario of an extremely efficient and rapid quenching mechanism. By studying the galaxies that are not directly detected in H I, we also find Coma to be more H I deficient than previously thought. Full Table C.1 is only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/650/A7

Recent Results on Strangeness Production at RHIC

Due to its large acceptance, the STAR experiment has acquired a wealth of data on strangeness production for a variety of collisions systems and energies, from p+p to Au+Au. By using the yields and spectra, we address the evolution of the bulk system, including strangeness enhancement and the flavour dependence of radial and elliptic flow. Utilising the fact that we can identify strange baryons and mesons, we investigate different hadronization mechanisms in the intermediate and high p$_{T}$ regions. The ratios of the particle yields, measured to high p$_{T}$, are used to further investigate the range and applicability of the previously reported anomalous baryon production. We also study two-particle azimuthal correlations of identified particles in order to investigate any flavour dependence of jet fragmentation in the available p$_{T}$ range. Data was presented for a number of different collision systems and energies.Comment: Proceedings of SQM'06 Conference, LA, 2006 (submitted to J. Phys. G

Estimating the burden of minor ailment consultations in general practices and emergency departments through retrospective review of routine data in North East Scotland

Minor ailment attendances in general practices and emergency departments (EDs) place significant burden on health care resources

H I content in Coma cluster substructure

Galaxy clusters are some of largest structures in the universe. These very dense environments tend to be home to higher numbers of evolved galaxies that what is found in lower density environments. It is well known that dense environments can influence the evolution of galaxies through the removal of the neutral gas (HI) reservoirs which fuel star formation. It is unclear which environment has a stronger effect: the local environment (i.e. the substructure within the cluster), or the cluster itself. Using the new HI data from the Westerbork Coma Survey, we explore the average HI content of galaxies across the cluster comparing galaxies that reside in substructure to those that do not. We apply to the Dressler-Shectman test to our newly compiled redshift catalogue of the Coma cluster to search for substructure. With so few of the Coma galaxies directly detected in HI, we use the HI stacking technique to probe average HI content below what can be directly detected. Using the Dressler-Shectman test, we find 15 substructures within the footprint of the Westerbork Coma Survey. We compare the average HI content for galaxies within substructure to those not in substructure. Using the HI stacking technique, we find that the Coma galaxies (for which are not detected in HI) are more than 10--50 times more HI deficient than expected which supports the scenario of an extremely efficient and rapid quenching mechanism. By studying the galaxies that are not directly detected in HI, we also find Coma to be more HI deficient than previously thought.Comment: 18 pages (+ 21 page appendix), 23 figures, accepted for publication in A&