Changes in the mountain river discharge in the northern Tien Shan since the mid-20th Century: Results from the analysis of a homogeneous daily streamflow data set from seven catchments

This study is an assessment of the changes in seasonal and monthly flow in seven catchments draining the northern Tien Shan Mountains in Central Asia over a period from the 1950s to the present day. The purpose is to provide a first assessment of the flow response to climate change in regionally important catchments given their contribution to the water resource. All the catchments have a natural flow regime, and are therefore sensitive to climate change, but differ in area, elevation and glacial extent. Trends in flow were characterised using the Mann-Kendall test for standard meteorological seasons and individual months for mean flow, five flow quantiles and peak-over-threshold series for the period 1974–2013 at all sites and from the 1950s where data were available. The results were related to trends in seasonal temperature and precipitation from the regional high elevation meteorological stations and glacier mass balance, equilibrium line altitude (ELA) and accumulation area ratio (AAR) records from the Tuyuksu glacier. The results show no reduction in streamflow in any catchment or season in the northern Tien Shan since the 1950s. Positive trends in all flow indicators, including peak over- threshold frequency, were observed in catchments with higher glacierization of over 10% and extensive presence of rock glaciers and permafrost indicating increased melt over the period which is characterised by a long-term increase in temperature. These trends were most evident in autumn and winter. In catchments with low glacierization, variability in summer flow was controlled primarily by precipitation of the preceding cold season. Correlation with glacier mass balance was weak but changes in ELA and AAR indicate that production of liquid runoff at higher elevations contributes to increased streamflow partly compensating for the declining glacier area. The observed changes in streamflow do not suggest any immediate problems with water availability in the northern Tien Shan. On the contrary, increased autumn and winter flows point at a more prolonged recharge of reservoirs and aquifers though eventually this water source will be exhausted

Processes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense in healthy men of different ethnic groups

The research is devoted to studying the features of antioxidant protection system in fertile men of various ethnic groups. Studying the features of antioxidant protection processes in the populations of various ethnic origins, living in identical geographical conditions, is of scientific interest. 126 men of reproductive age (84 men of Russian population and 42 men of Buryat population living in Ulan-Ude) were examined. Blood plasma and hemolysate were used as the material for the biochemical research. Modern spectrophotometric, fluorometric and statistical methods were used. The basic indicators of lipid peroxidation, reflecting different stages of oxidation (рrimary,, intermediate, final products] and total antioxidant activity of blood, which characterizes the total activity of inhibitors of radical oxidation, and determining its buffering capacity were studied. We investigated the basic units of antioxidant protection - enzymatic (superoxide dismutase) and non-enzymatic (low molecular weight soluble vitamins retinol and а-tocopherol, oxidized and reduced glutathione). The peculiarities of Ирid peroxidation and antioxidant protection processes in fertile men have significant differences. They can be attributed to the ethnic origin and characterize various degrees of activity of metabolic processes in the surveyed groups. Studying the condition of antioxidant protection system will significantly expand ideas of organism adaptation opportunities to external conditions and will be able to become a basis for effective monitoring of reproductive health

Old and New Fields on Super Riemann Surfaces

The ``new fields" or ``superconformal functions" on $N=1$ super Riemann surfaces introduced recently by Rogers and Langer are shown to coincide with the Abelian differentials (plus constants), viewed as a subset of the functions on the associated $N=2$ super Riemann surface. We confirm that, as originally defined, they do not form a super vector space.Comment: 9 pages, LaTex. Published version: minor changes for clarity, two new reference

The processes of lipid peroxidation in children with the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and different interhemispheric relations of brain

In recent years, the number of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increased, which may be due to the increasing information stress and wide introduction of new information technologies. Manifestations of ADHD may be the cause of impaired social and school adaptation, learning difficulties, reduced academic achievements. The syndrome is believed to cause suffering to the frontal lobe of the brain, subcortical structures of the brain, reticular formation and stem structures. The features of the formation of the metabolic processes underlying the adaptive-compensatory mechanisms in children with different interhemispheric relations of brain and ADHD are studied insufficiently. Lipids form the basis of the central nervous system and the lipid matrix of cell membranes. The processes of lipid peroxidation have damaging effect on a cell by altering the structure of cell membranes. The aim of the study was to investigate peculiarities of the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, peroxidation that determine the normal functioning of metabolic and cellular homeostasis in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and different hemispheric relations. 54 children of 7-11 years, living in Irkutsk, were examined. Patients were characterized by the normal level of general mental development, the absence of anemia, endocrine diseases, by the absence in the anamnesis of craniocerebral traumas, neuroinfections, epilepsy, mental illness. Changes of metabolic reactions had distinct individual differences of patients, due to specific functional activity of the cerebral hemispheres

ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM OF LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE IN MILITARY POPULATION

The article presents the analysis of inspection results of the military personnel who passed a medical examination at the initial military registration, with the call to military service and recognized as health fit for military service. The aim of the research was to study the dynamics of changes in the components of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system of the soldiers during the primary adaptation to military service. Materials and methods: 34 young men (recruits), called up for military service, and 18 military personnel who have served 6 months. As material for biochemical research we used blood plasma and hemolysate. Modern spectrophotometric, fluorometric and statistical methods have been used. Results. In recruits, we noted increased activity of lipids oxidation, low level of blood antioxidant activity and reduced glutathione. In 6 months of the military service we found decreased contents of TBA-active products and improving of the overall antioxidant activity of the blood. Conclusions. Analysis of the data shows significant changes in the indices of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system. The ratio of the activity of oxidation and antioxidant components not only reflects, but also largely determines the rate of metabolism and adaptive capabilities of the organism. The study found that young people, who were recognized as fit for military service due to health criteria for military medical commissions by military commissioners and were called up for military service, have low adaptive capacity and reach the stage of “satisfactory adaptation” only after 6 months of service

LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS WITH REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS

An. analysis the results were obtained in the laboratory of pathophysiology of reproduction, of Scientific Centre of Family Health, and Human Reproduction. Problems, SB RAMS clearly indicate that oxidative stress accompanies and. / or appears like a key pathogenetic link in the development of many types of reproductive disorders. We dedicate, that further researches of the roles of the system, «lipid, peroxidation. — antioxidant protection.» are needed. Moreover, there are good reasons for using of different antioxidants, but it should, be prescribed individually, taking into account of nature of oxidative imbalance

Metabolism and Physiological Functions Adjustment of the Organism under Stress Influence

Stress reaction of the organism is a process occurring at the cellular, tissue and systemic levels. The organism responds to any adverse effect with a multi-level reaction, which causes the development of stress and, as a result, adaptation. The damaging effect is due to the excessive strengthening of another adaptive effect – lipotropic, that increases the activity of phospholipases and the intensity of free radical oxidation of lipids through the catecholamines and protein kinases. The changes in the immune system during the adaptation stage are to maintain antigenic homeostasis of the internal environment of the organism due to lymphoid cells, lymphocytes and cytokines. Almost all cells with antigen representation function are capable to produce interleukins under certain conditions. The vascular system is a kind of an indicator of any pathological process, determining the state of regulatory and adaptive mechanisms, the features of the connective tissue matrix. Stress causes a restructuring of metabolism and physiological functions, which increases the organism’s resistance to acute death. Thus, the physiological meaning of the stress reaction is the emergency mobilization of energy and structural resources of the organism and the creation of positive background for the implementation of reactions, aimed at maintaining homeostasis in extreme situations

Oral manifestations of primary immunodeficiencies

To understand the current state of the issue of dental manifestations of primary immunodeficiencies, foreign literature on the problem has been analyzed. The article describes the dental manifestations of many primary immunodeficiencies, which can be both secondary and major symptoms. The article presents the data on the following syndromes: severe combined immunodeficiency, hyper IgE, Wiskott - Aldrich, DiGeorge, deficiency of STIM1 and ORAI1, NEMO deficiency and IκBα deficiency, common variable immunodeficiency, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, hyper IgM, selective IgA deficiency, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1, Chediak - Higashi syndrome, CD70 deficiency, severe congenital neutropenia syndromes, leukocyte adhesion deficiency, localized aggressive periodontitis, Papillon - Lefevre syndrome, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, Marshall syndrome, hyper IgD syndrome, Aicardi - Goutières syndrome type 7, cherubism syndrome, CANDLE (chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature), PAPA (pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum and acne), chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, periodontal Ehlers - Danlos syndrome, and C1 inhibitor deficiency. The role of secretory immunoglobulins of salivary fluid is described. © 2019 Siberian State Medical University. All rights reserved.Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, UB RAS: АААА-А18-118020590108-7Sourse of financing. The study was supported by the state order of the Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (topic No. АААА-А18-118020590108-7) as well as by the decree of the Russian Federation Government No. 211, contract No. 02.A03.21.0006