Russian with English abstract | (The mechanism of the phlogopite - hydrophlogopite - vermiculite transformation on the basis of optical and Mossbauer spectroscopy.)

The determination of the structural distribution and energy state of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ions in phlogopites, and the products of their phase transformation in the oxidation zone of the weathering crust, has been undertaken on micas of three genetic groups. These groups are those developed in: 1) massifs of alkaline ultramafic-carbonatites (Kovdor deposit), 2) massifs associated with poly-associational complexes of ultramafic-alkaline gabbroids (Inagli deposit), and 3) massifs confined to Precambrian magnesian skarns (Emel'dzhak, Kuronakh, and other deposits of the Aldan Shield). This study has enabled the authors to recognize certain forms of these ions in the newly-formed structures and to identify crystallochemical criteria for classifying the minerals of the phlogopite - hydrophlogopite - vermiculite series. The specific features of these structures are: 1) the appearance of a form of Fe 3+ ions with parameters that suggest their ordered distribution in the form of clusters, and 2) a reduction in the crystalline field force on the preserved Fe 2+ ions. -D.A.B

On Critical Velocities in Exciton Superfluidity

The presence of exciton phonon interactions is shown to play a key role in the exciton superfluidity. We apply the Landau criterion for an exciton-phonon condensate moving uniformly at zero temperature. It turns out that there are essentially two critical velocities in the theory. Within the range of these velocities the condensate can exist only as a bright soliton. The excitation spectrum and differential equations for the wave function of this condensate are derived.Comment: 7 pages, Latex; to be published in Phys.Rev.Lett (1997

Null Energy Condition Violation and Classical Stability in the Bianchi I Metric

The stability of isotropic cosmological solutions in the Bianchi I model is considered. We prove that the stability of isotropic solutions in the Bianchi I metric for a positive Hubble parameter follows from their stability in the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric. This result is applied to models inspired by string field theory, which violate the null energy condition. Examples of stable isotropic solutions are presented. We also consider the k-essence model and analyse the stability of solutions of the form $\Phi(t)=t$.Comment: 27 pages, references added, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Squeezing of Atoms in a Pulsed Optical Lattice

We study the process of squeezing of an ensemble of cold atoms in a pulsed optical lattice. The problem is treated both classically and quantum-mechanically under various thermal conditions. We show that a dramatic compression of the atomic density near the minima of the optical potential can be achieved with a proper pulsing of the lattice. Several strategies leading to the enhanced atomic squeezing are suggested, compared and optimized.Comment: Latex, 9 pages, 10 figures, submitted to PR

Spectroscopic investigations of dispersion-shifted fiber with thin active Bi-doped ring and high nonlinear refractive index

A germanium-doped silica-core fiber with an active region in the form of a thin ring of silica doped with bismuth ions was fabricated. Bismuth doping in the ring surrounding the core allows to stabilize bismuth in silica glass, and it does not impose any restrictions on the composition of the core. The bismuth concentration in the ring is less than 0.2 wt.%. The GeO2 concentration in the core is more than 15 mol.%. A high germanium concentration in the core allows to shift the zero dispersion wavelength to 1860 nm and to obtain a high nonlinear refractive index (n2 more than 3,2*10-20 m2/W). Spectroscopic investigations were carried out in the visible and near infrared (800-1700 nm) spectral range. Despite the small concentration of bismuth, we observed the absorption and luminescence characteristic bands, confirming the presence of bismuth active centers in silica glass. Upon pumping at 1350 nm the on/off gain spectrum was measured on a 20-m fiber. The gain was observed throughout investigated range of 1430-1530 nm. The maximal gain of ~9.5 dB was obtained near 1430 nm. The results of the spectroscopic investigations of the fiber with a thin active Bi-doped ring showed prospects of the creation and application of such fiber type for laser and nonlinear optics

Tractability in Constraint Satisfaction Problems: A Survey

International audienceEven though the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) is NP-complete, many tractable classes of CSP instances have been identified. After discussing different forms and uses of tractability, we describe some landmark tractable classes and survey recent theoretical results. Although we concentrate on the classical CSP, we also cover its important extensions to infinite domains and optimisation, as well as #CSP and QCSP

AGE AND GEODYNAMIC SETTINGS OF MIASKITE-PEGMATITES, CARBONATITES, AND Nb-Zr MINERALIZATION OF THE ILMENO-VISHNEVOGORSKY ALKALINE COMPLEX, SOUTH URAL (U-Pb AND Rb-Sr ISOTOPE DATA)

The Ilmeno-Vishnevogorsky miaskite-phenite-carbonatite complex (IVС), located in the Urals folded region, is a representative of "linear type" carbonatite complexes, with which Nb-Zr deposits are associated. The ore potential of linear carbonatite complexes, the time and duration of ore-forming processes, and the geodynamic setting remain the subject of discussion. In order to estimate the age and duration of ore formation processes in the IVC, the U-Pb dating of zircon (LA-ICP-MS) from miaskite-pegmatites, as well as Rb-Sr dating of ore-bearing (pyrochlore-bearing) varieties of miaskite-pegmatites and carbonatites (ID-TIMS) were carried out. The U-Pb dating of zircon from the IVC miaskite-pegmatites showed the Permian age (280±8 Ma, P1 – age of the main zircon generation). The Rb-Sr-mineral isochron of miaskite-pegmatite showed a close age of 274±5 Ma (P1), confirming the results of U-Pb-dating of miaskite-pegmatites. The Rb-Sr dating of pyrochlore carbonatite varieties (sovites II) showed an age of 250±3 Ma (T1). The results of Rb-Sr- and U-Pb dating indicate that the processes of pegmatite- and carbonatite formation and the associated Zr-Nb ore formation in IVC occurred at the late collisional and postcollisional stage of development of the Ural folded region. Based on the data obtained, the geodynamic model for the IVC formation was proposed