Motivación, conocimiento y toma de decisiones : un estudio predictivo del éxito en voleibol

Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron, desde la Teoría de la Autodeterminación, profundizar en la relación entre diferentes variables cognitivas y motivacionales que afectan al rendimiento de jugadores de voleibol en etapas de formación y determinar el nivel de predicción de éstas sobre el rendimiento. La muestra de estudio estuvo compuesta por 134 jugadores de voleibol de categoría cadete. Las variables de estudio fueron: motivacionales (necesidades psicológicas básicas y motivación), cognitivas (conocimiento y toma de decisiones), y de éxito en juego (rendimiento). Los resultados mostraron la existencia de relación entre las variables cognitivas y motivacionales. Específicamente, el conocimiento procedimental se asoció con la motivación intrínseca, la desmotivación y con las necesidades psicológicas básicas de relaciones sociales y competencia. Las variables cognitivas actuaron como principales predictoras del rendimiento. Por consiguiente, se propone la intervención conjunta en la mejora de las destrezas cognitivas y motivacionales, en voleibol en etapas de formación, como un aspecto de gran relevancia para la mejora del jugador en su proceso de formación deportiva.The aims of this research were, based on Self Determination Theory, to go further into the relationship between different cognitive and motivational variables that affect players' performance in training stages and to know their predictive power on performance. The study sample was composed of 134 U-16 volleyball players. The studied variables were: motivational (motivation and basic psychological needs), cognitive (procedural knowledge and decision making), and performance. The results showed a relationship between motivational and cognitive variables. Specifically, procedural knowledge correlated positively with intrinsic motivation and basic psychological needs of relatedness and competence and negatively with amotivation. Cognitive variables were the main predictors of players' performance. Intervention is suggested in order to improve cognitive processes due to their relevance in performance in volleyball training stages, taking into account motivational skills because of their relevance in players'formative process.Os objectivos desta investigação foram, com base na Teoria da Auto-determinação, aprofundar a relação entre diferentes variáveis cognitivas e motivacionais que afectam o rendimento de jogadores de voleibol em etapas de formação e determinar o nível de predição destas sobre o rendimento. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 134 jogadores de voleibol do escalão cadete. As variáveis do estudo foram: motivacionais (necessidades psicológicas básicas e motivação), cognitivas (conhecimento e tomada de decisão), e de êxito em jogo (rendimento). Os resultados revelaram a existência de relação entre as variáveis cognitivas e motivacionais. Especificamente, o conhecimento procedimental associou-se à motivação intrínseca, à desmotivação e às necessidades psicológicas básicas e relações sociais e competência. As variáveis cognitivas actuaram como principais preditoras do rendimento. Por conseguinte, propõe-se a intervenção onjunta na melhoria das competências cognitivas e motivacionais, no voleibol nas etapas de formação, como um aspecto de grande relevância para a potenciação do jogador no seu processo de formação desportiva

Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from breast milk of women suffering infectious mastitis: potential virulence traits and resistance to antibiotics

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although <it>Staphylococcus aureus </it>is considered the main etiological agent of infectious mastitis, recent studies have suggested that coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) may also play an important role in such infections. The aims of this work were to isolate staphylococci from milk of women with lactational mastitis, to select and characterize the CNS isolates, and to compare such properties with those displayed by CNS strains isolated from milk of healthy women.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The milk of 30 women was collected and bacterial growth was noted in 27 of them, of which <it>Staphylococcus epidermidis </it>was isolated from 26 patients and <it>S. aureus </it>from 8. Among the 270 staphylococcal isolates recovered from milk of women with mastitis, 200 were identified as <it>Staphylococcus epidermidis </it>by phenotypic assays, species-specific PCR and PCR sequencing. They were typified by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotyping. The PFGE profiles of the <it>S. epidermidis </it>strains were compared with those of 105 isolates from milk of healthy women. A representative of the 76 different PFGE profiles was selected to study the incidence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. The number of strains that contained the biofilm-related <it>ica</it>D gene and that showed resistance to oxacillin, erythromycin, clindamycin and mupirocin was significantly higher among the strains isolated from mastitic milk.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p><it>S. epidermidis </it>may be a frequent but largely underrated cause of infectious mastitis in lactating women. The resistance to diverse antibiotics and a higher ability to form biofilms found among the strains isolated from milk of women suffering mastitis may explain the chronic and/or recurrent nature of this infectious condition.</p

Clinical Manifestations Associated with Overweight/Obesity in Puerto Ricans with Fibromyalgia Syndrome

Objective. To determine the clinical manifestations associated with overweight/obesity in Hispanics from Puerto Rico with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed in 144 patients with FMS (per American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria). Sociodemographic features, FMS-related symptoms, tender points (per ACR criteria), comorbidities, and FMS treatment were examined. BMI was calculated and patients were grouped into two categories: BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m2 (nonoverweight/obese) and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (overweight/obese). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate differences between the study groups. Results. The mean (standard deviation (SD)) age of patients was 50.2 (9.9) years; 95.1% were females and 75.7% were overweight/obese. In the bivariate analysis, overweight/obese patients were more likely to have self-reported memory impairment, anxiety, shortness of breath, and urinary frequency than nonoverweight/obese patients. In addition, the tender point count was higher in the overweight/obese group. In the logistic regression analyses, self-reported memory impairment and urinary frequency differences remained significant after adjusting for confounding variables. Conclusion. In this population of Puerto Ricans with FMS, overweight/obese patients experienced more FMS-related manifestations than nonoverweight/obese individuals. However, prospective studies are needed to confirm these associations and to elucidate if weight reduction interventions could favorably impact the severity of FMS

Dielectric behaviour of suspensions of non-spherical colloidal particles

Abstract. In this paper, we explore the possibility of using low-frequency dielectric dispersion (LFDD) measurements in suspensions of non-spherical particles. We present results on the LFDD of clay suspensions, with laminar, non-homogeneously charged particles, and of monodisperse spheroids of haematite (iron III oxide). The heterogeneous surface of the clay (montmorillonite) is manifested in dielectric measurements, since two relaxation times (one associated with faces and the other with edges) can be separated. Furthermore, it is found that the latter is absent at pH 7, thereby directly confirming that the edges of the clay platelets are uncharged at such pH. Experiments conducted with monodisperse haematite spheroids allow a preliminary check of existing theories for the LFDD in such geometries. Comparison of the zeta potentials deduced from dielectric and electrophoresis measurements confirm the validity of the models, and suggest that haematite could be a model spheroidal colloid, to which standard electrokinetic theories are applicable

Staphylococcus epidermidis: A differential trait of the fecal microbiota of breast-fed infants

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Breast milk is an important source of staphylococci and other bacterial groups to the infant gut. The objective of this work was to analyse the bacterial diversity in feces of breast-fed infants and to compare it with that of formula-fed ones. A total of 23 women and their respective infants (16 breast-fed and 7 formula-fed) participated in the study. The 16 women and their infants provided a sample of breast milk and feces, respectively, at days 7, 14, and 35. The samples were plated onto different culture media. Staphylococcal and enterococcal isolates were submitted to genetic profiling and to a characterization scheme, including detection of potential virulence traits and sensitivity to antibiotics.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The feeding practice had a significant effect on bacterial counts. A total of 1,210 isolates (489 from milk, 531 from breast-fed and 190 from formula-fed infants) were identified. <it>Staphylococcus epidermidis </it>was the predominant species in milk and feces of breast-fed infants while it was less prevalent in those of formula fed-infants. <it>Enterococcus faecalis </it>was the second predominant bacterial species among the fecal samples provided by the breast-fed infants but it was also present in all the samples from the formula-fed ones. The biofilm-related <it>icaD </it>gene and the <it>mecA </it>gene were only detected in a low number of the <it>S. epidermidis </it>strains. Several enterococcal isolates were also characterized and none of them contained the <it>cylA </it>or the <it>vanABDEG </it>antibiotic-resistance genes. All were sensitive to vancomycin.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The presence of <it>S. epidermidis </it>is a differential trait of the fecal microbiota of breast-fed infants. Globally, the staphyloccal isolates obtained from milk and feces of breast-fed infants contain a low number of virulence determinants and are sensitive to most of the antibiotics tested.</p

A Sensor-Based Methodology to Differentiate Pure and Mixed White Tequilas Based on Fused Infrared Spectra and Multivariate Data Treatment

[Abstract]: Mexican Tequila is one of the most demanded import spirits in Europe. Its fast-raising worldwide request makes counterfeiting a profitable activity affecting both consumers and legal distillers. In this paper, a sensor-based methodology based on a combination of infrared measurements (IR) and multivariate data analysis (MVA) is presented. The case study is about differentiating two categories of white Tequila: pure Tequila (or ‘100% agave’) and mixed Tequila (or simply, Tequila). The IR spectra were treated and fused with a low-level approach. Exploratory data analysis was performed using PCA and partial least squares (PLS), whilst the authentication analyses were carried out with PLS-discriminant analysis (DA) and soft independent modeling for class analogy (SIMCA) models. Results demonstrated that data fusion of IR spectra enhanced the outcomes of the authentication models capable of differentiating pure from mixed Tequilas. In fact, PLS-DA presented the best results which correctly classified all fifteen commercial validation samples. The methodology thus presented is fast, cheap, and of simple application in the Tequila industry.Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; PIAPI 2042Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; PAPIIT IT20091

Diagnóstico de producción en ganado lechero en pastoreo de un grupo ganadero de validación y transferencia de tecnología

The regionalization of framing issues for producers Livestock Group of Validation and Technology Transfer (GGAVATT) from San Jose Miahuatlán Veracruz, Mexico, under the current production of native grass prairie with mainly during the months of higher temperature have a poor performance and thus milk production declines which promotes a great use of concentrated feeds which causes an increase in production cost and less use to them. For this purpose we made a diagnosis of current conditions GGAVATT production, yielding information that helps us source and compared to determine precisely what the effect of applying the proposed alternative. We propose an alternative implementation of pastures with improved pastures needed to produce a greater amount of forage per unit area especially in the colder months.La regionalización de la problemática encuadrando a los productores del Grupo Ganadero de Validación y Transferencia de Tecnología (GGAVATT) de San José Miahuatlán Veracruz, México, bajo la actual situación de producción de praderas básicamente con gramas nativas que durante los meses de menor frío tienen un pobre desempeño y por ende la producción de leche se deteriora lo cual promueve una gran utilización de alimentos concentrados lo que provoca un incremento en el costo de producción y una menor utilidad para estos. Para dicho propósito se realizó un diagnóstico de las condiciones actuales de producción del GGAVATT, arrojando información que nos sirve de partida y de comparación para determinar con precisión cuál es el efecto de aplicar la alternativa propuesta. Se plantea como alternativa la implantación de praderas con pastos mejorados que permitan producir una mayor cantidad de forrajes por unidad de superficie sobre todo en los meses de menor temperatura

Red de investigación en docencia universitaria de la UA: “Universidad, Docencia, Género e Igualdad” (II)

La Red de investigación en docencia universitaria “Universidad, docencia, genero e igualdad” persigue avanzar en la calidad e innovación de las enseñanzas universitarias a partir de la inclusión de la perspectiva de género. Se busca dar cumplimiento a las directrices generales de los nuevos planes de estudio respecto del principio de igualdad de oportunidades entre hombres y mujeres en la formación universitaria (Real Decreto 1393/2007. BOE nº 260, 30 de octubre de 2007). En la tercera edición de la Red, y dada su composición multidisciplinar, se desarrollaron dos líneas de investigación: por un lado, se continuó trabajando en el mantenimiento del “Portal web con recursos docentes con perspectiva de género”, proyecto financiado por el Instituto de la Mujer (PACUI, 2012) e iniciado en el curso 2012-2013, incrementándose en un 36% la colección de recursos; y, por otro, se inició una nueva línea de investigación con la que se busca desarrollar una herramienta informática de ayuda para la redacción de textos con lenguaje inclusivo