281 research outputs found
Collective Sideband Cooling in an Optical Ring Cavity
We propose a cavity based laser cooling and trapping scheme, providing tight
confinement and cooling to very low temperatures, without degradation at high
particle densities. A bidirectionally pumped ring cavity builds up a resonantly
enhanced optical standing wave which acts to confine polarizable particles in
deep potential wells. The particle localization yields a coupling of the
degenerate travelling wave modes via coherent photon redistribution. This
induces a splitting of the cavity resonances with a high frequency component,
that is tuned to the anti-Stokes Raman sideband of the particles oscillating in
the potential wells, yielding cooling due to excess anti-Stokes scattering.
Tight confinement in the optical lattice together with the prediction, that
more than 50% of the trapped particles can be cooled into the motional ground
state, promise high phase space densities.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Enantioselective Synthesis of Piperidines through the Formation of Chiral Mixed Phosphoric Acid Acetals: Experimental and Theoretical Studies
An enantioselective intramolecular chiral phosphoric acid‐catalyzed cyclization of unsaturated acetals has been utilized for the synthesis of functionalized chiral piperidines. The chiral enol ether products of these cyclizations undergo subsequent in situ enantioenrichment through acetalization of the minor enantiomer. A new computational reaction exploration method was utilized to elucidate the mechanism and stereoselectivity of this transformation. Rather than confirming the originally postulated cyclization proceeding directly through a vinyl oxocarbenium ion, simulations identified an alternative two‐step mechanism involving the formation of a mixed chiral phosphate acetal, which undergoes a concerted, asynchronous S N 2′‐like displacement to yield the product with stereoselectivity in agreement with experimental observations. Eine enantioselektive Cyclisierung ungesättigter Acetale mit einem chiralen Phosphorsäurekatalysator führt zu funktionalisierten Piperidinen. Die dabei erhaltenen chiralen Enolether durchlaufen anschließend in situ eine Enantiomerenanreicherung. Eine neue Rechenmethode wurde genutzt, um den Mechanismus und die Stereoselektivität dieser Transformation zu beleuchten. Cbz=Benzyloxycarbonyl; S =Anreicherungsfaktor.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109322/1/ange_201405128_sm_miscellaneous_information.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109322/2/11376_ftp.pd
Enantioselective Synthesis of Piperidines through the Formation of Chiral Mixed Phosphoric Acid Acetals: Experimental and Theoretical Studies
An enantioselective intramolecular chiral phosphoric acid‐catalyzed cyclization of unsaturated acetals has been utilized for the synthesis of functionalized chiral piperidines. The chiral enol ether products of these cyclizations undergo subsequent in situ enantioenrichment through acetalization of the minor enantiomer. A new computational reaction exploration method was utilized to elucidate the mechanism and stereoselectivity of this transformation. Rather than confirming the originally postulated cyclization proceeding directly through a vinyl oxocarbenium ion, simulations identified an alternative two‐step mechanism involving the formation of a mixed chiral phosphate acetal, which undergoes a concerted, asynchronous S N 2′‐like displacement to yield the product with stereoselectivity in agreement with experimental observations. A rich seam : An enantioselective chiral phosphoric acid‐catalyzed cyclization of unsaturated acetals has been utilized for the synthesis of functionalized chiral piperidines. The chiral enol ether products of these cyclizations undergo subsequent in situ enantioenrichment. A new computational method was utilized to elucidate the mechanism and stereoselectivity of this transformation. Cbz=benzyloxycarbonyl; S =resolution.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109355/1/anie_201405128_sm_miscellaneous_information.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109355/2/11194_ftp.pd
Idioms in the framework of linguistic typology, culture and mentality
This paper illustrates the differential and integrative features of phraseological units in different languages, their correlations with language and mental structures. The process of implementing the phraseological statements is considered as a constant correlation of the communicative information with conceptual and linguistic categorie
Updated and novel limits on double beta decay and dark matter-induced processes in platinum
A 510 day long-term measurement of a 45.3 g platinum foil acting as the
sample and high voltage contact in an ultra-low-background high purity
germanium detector was performed at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
(Italy). The data was used for a detailed study of double beta decay modes in
natural platinum isotopes. Limits are produced in the range
a for double beta decay to excited states (90%
C.L.) confirming, and partially extending existing limits. The highest
sensitivity, greater than a, was achieved for the and resonant
modes of double electron capture involving KL shell electrons.
Additionally, novel limits for inelastic dark matter scattering on Pt
are placed up to mass splittings of approximately 500 keV. We analyze several
techniques to extend the sensitivity and propose a few approaches for future
medium-scale experiments with platinum-group elements.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figure
Cold atoms in a high-Q ring-cavity
We report the confinement of large clouds of ultra-cold 85-Rb atoms in a
standing-wave dipole trap formed by the two counter-propagating modes of a
high-Q ring-cavity. Studying the properties of this trap we demonstrate loading
of higher-order transverse cavity modes and excite recoil-induced resonances.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
The He(e, ed)p Reaction in q-constant Kinematics
The cross section for the He(e, ed)p reaction has been measured as a
function of the missing momentum in q -constant kinematics at
beam energies of 370 and 576 MeV for values of the three-momentum transfer
of 412, 504 and 604 \mevc. The L(+TT), T and LT structure functions have been
separated for = 412 and 504 \mevc. The data are compared to three-body
Faddeev calculations, including meson-exchange currents (MEC), and to
calculations based on a covariant diagrammatic expansion. The influence of
final-state interactions and meson-exchange currents is discussed. The
-dependence of the data is reasonably well described by all calculations.
However, the most advanced Faddeev calculations, which employ the AV18
nucleon-nucleon interaction and include MEC, overestimate the measured cross
sections, especially the longitudinal part, and at the larger values of .
The diagrammatic approach gives a fair description of the cross section, but
under(over)estimates the longitudinal (transverse) structure function.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figure
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