Modelling the relative velocities of isolated pairs of galaxies

We study the comoving relative velocities, v12, of model isolated galaxy pairs at z=0.5. For this purpose, we use the predictions from the GALFORM semi-analytical model of galaxy formation and evolution based on a Lambda cold dark matter cosmology consistent with the results from WMAP7. In real space, we find that isolated pairs of galaxies are predicted to form an angle t with the line-of-sight that is uniformily distributed as expected if the Universe is homogeneous and isotropic. We also find that isolated pairs of galaxies separated by a comoving distance between 1 and 3 Mpc/h are predicted to have =0. For galaxies in this regime, the distribution of the angle t is predicted to change minimally from real to redshift space, with a change smaller than 5% in . However, the distances defining the comoving regime strongly depends on the applied isolation criteria.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, SF2A 2013 Proceedin

Viable 3C-SiC-on-Si MOSFET design disrupting current Material Technology Limitations

The cubic polytype (3C-) of Silicon Carbide (SiC) is an emerging semiconductor technology for power devices. The featured isotropic material properties along with the Wide Band Gap (WBG) characteristics make it an excellent choice for power Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). Nonetheless, material related limitations originate from the advantageous fact that 3C-SiC can be grown on Silicon (Si) wafers. One of these major limitations is an almost negligible activation of the p-type dopants after ion implantation because the annealing has to take place at relatively low temperatures. In this paper, a novel process flow for a vertical 3C-SiC-on-Si MOSFET is presented to overcome the difficulties that currently exist in obtaining a p-body region through implantation. The proposed design has been accurately simulated with Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) process and device software and a comparison is performed with the conventional SiC MOSFET design. The simulated output characteristics demonstrated a reduced on-resistance and at the same time it is shown that the blocking capability can be maintained to the same level. The promising performance of the novel design discussed in this paper is potentially the solution needed and a huge step towards the realisation of 3C-SiC-on-Si MOSFETs with commercially grated characteristics

Robust traffic engineering

Phenomenal growth of Internet applications in recent years have made it difficult to forecast traffic patterns. Daily Internet traffic patterns shows that the network is vulnerable to malicious attacks, flash crowds and denial of service attacks (DDoS). In this paper, we present a robust routing technique (RRT) that attempts to deal with both normal routing conditions and transient failures. Our simulation results are compared with OSPF-TE. The key advantage of RRT is its convergence to generate the solution. It converges quickly to produce the simulation result on the family of topologies we consider in this paper. We are aiming to combine the best of proactive and reactive traffic engineering in RRT

Blast Furnace Burden Preparation with Reference to High Ash Coke

THE primary objectives in iron smelting are high output, low coke, rate and smooth operation. The aspect of coke economy is somewhat complex when working with an iron rich burden and a high ash coke since the ash of the coke contributes a major part of the total slag.Where, as in India, the sulphur content of ore and coke is low , the minimum workable slag volume mn be taken as 350 kg. of slag per metric ton of pig iron. It is worth noting that the Fairless works in America has successfully operated with slag volumes as low as 300 kg. per metric ton.For an ore containing 62 per cent iron, 3 per cent silica and 4 per cent alumina the relationship between per cent ash in the coke and the coke rate nece-ssary to give 350 kg. of slag is as plotted in graph 1, line AOB. Also on this graph line COD represents appro-ximately the coke rate likely to be attained with optimum practice. As the coke ash is reduced below 17.5 per cent it becomes necessary to add silica sand as a fluxing agent and this explains the reduced benefit of lower ash in the coke to the left of point O. If a hypothetical furnace is operating at point P two steps are required to bring it to 0, the point of optimum working. Firstly, the coke ash roust he reduced from 21 per cent to 17.5 per cent(P to Q). This is it problem for the coal washeries and is already well appreciated and being dealt with. Secondly, it is necessary to lower the coke rate from Q to 0 and the present paper considers burden preparation as a means of achieving this aim

Evaluation of a multidisciplinary Tier 3 weight management service for adults with morbid obesity, or obesity and comorbidities, based in primary care

A multidisciplinary Tier 3 weight management service in primary care recruited patients with a body mass index ≥40 kg·m−2, or 30 kg·m−2 with obesity-related co-morbidity to a 1-year programme. A cohort of 230 participants was recruited and evaluated using the National Obesity Observatory Standard Evaluation Framework. The primary outcome was weight loss of at least 5% of baseline weight at 12 months. Diet was assessed using the two-item food frequency questionnaire, activity using the General Practice Physical Activity questionnaire and quality of life using the EuroQol-5D-5L questionnaire. A focus group explored the participants' experiences. Baseline mean weight was 124.4 kg and mean body mass index was 44.1 kg·m−2. A total of 102 participants achieved 5% weight loss at 12 months. The mean weight loss was 10.2 kg among the 117 participants who completed the 12-month programme. Baseline observation carried forward analysis gave a mean weight loss of 5.9 kg at 12 months. Fruit and vegetable intake, activity level and quality of life all improved. The dropout rate was 14.3% at 6 months and 45.1% at 1 year. Focus group participants described high levels of satisfaction. It was possible to deliver a Tier 3 weight management service for obese patients with complex co-morbidity in a primary care setting with a full multidisciplinary team, which obtained good health outcomes compared with existing services

Low Temperature Physics

Contains research objectives and reports on one research project

Dynamics of a quantum reference frame undergoing selective measurements and coherent interactions

We consider the dynamics of a quantum directional reference frame undergoing repeated interactions. We first describe how a precise sequence of measurement outcomes affects the reference frame, looking at both the case that the measurement record is averaged over and the case wherein it is retained. We find, in particular, that there is interesting dynamics in the latter situation which cannot be revealed by considering the averaged case. We then consider in detail how a sequence of rotationally invariant unitary interactions affects the reference frame, a situation which leads to quite different dynamics than the case of repeated measurements. We then consider strategies for correcting reference frame drift if we are given a set of particles with polarization opposite to the direction of drift. In particular, we find that by implementing a suitably chosen unitary interaction after every two measurements we can eliminate the rotational drift of the reference frame.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

Growth inhibition of cytosolic Salmonella by caspase-1 and caspase-11 precedes host cell death

Sensing bacterial products in the cytosol of mammalian cells by NOD-like receptors leads to the activation of caspase-1 inflammasomes, and the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β. In addition, mouse caspase-11 (represented in humans by its orthologs, caspase-4 and caspase-5) detects cytosolic bacterial LPS directly. Activation of caspase-1 and caspase-11 initiates pyroptotic host cell death that releases potentially harmful bacteria from the nutrient-rich host cell cytosol into the extracellular environment. Here we use single cell analysis and time-lapse microscopy to identify a subpopulation of host cells, in which growth of cytosolic Salmonella Typhimurium is inhibited independently or prior to the onset of cell death. The enzymatic activities of caspase-1 and caspase-11 are required for growth inhibition in different cell types. Our results reveal that these proteases have important functions beyond the direct induction of pyroptosis and proinflammatory cytokine secretion in the control of growth and elimination of cytosolic bacteria