XPS Study of Superconducting LiTi2O4 and LiTi2-xCuxO4 Sol-Gel Derived Powders and Thin Films

In this work X-ray photoelectron studies of lithium titanate and copper doped lithium titanate are presented. Both, powder and thin lms samples were prepared by sol gel method. After preparation, the samples were heated in argon atmosphere at various temperatures in a range from 500 ◦C to 600 ◦C for 20 h. The crystalline structure of the samples was investigated by X-ray di raction, while the oxidation states of the elements were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method. X-ray di raction measurements con rmed spinel phase of all manufactured samples. However it is well known that electrical and superconducting properties of lithium titanate are strongly correlated not only with structure, but also with oxidation state of Ti ions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations revealed mixture of Ti3+ and Ti4+ ions, although the Ti3+/Ti4+ ratio is much smaller than 1 2 needed for superconductivity. In this work dependence between calcination temperature as well as amount of Cu dopant and Ti3+/Ti4+ proportion are reported

Superconducting properties of VN-SiO 2 sol-gel derived thin films

In this work studies of structure and superconducting properties of VN SiO2 lms are reported. The lms were obtained through thermal nitridation (ammonolysis) of sol gel derived V2O3 SiO2 coatings (in a proper V2O3/SiO2 ratio) at 1200 ◦ C. This process leads to the formation of disordered structure with VN metallic grains dispersed in the insulating SiO2 matrix. The structural transformations occurring in the lms as a result of ammonolysis were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The critical superconducting parameters are obtained. The magnetoresistance at high magnetic elds has been investigated

DArT markers tightly linked with the Rfc1 gene controlling restoration of male fertility in the CMS-C system in cultivated rye (Secale cereale L.)

The Rfc1 gene controls restoration of male fertility in rye (Secale cereale L.) with sterility-inducing cytoplasm CMS-C. Two populations of recombinant inbred lines (RIL) were used in this study to identify DArT markers located on the 4RL chromosome, in the close vicinity of the Rfc1 gene. In the population developed from the 541×2020LM intercross, numerous markers tightly linked with the restorer gene were identified. This group contained 91 DArT markers and three SCARs additionally analyzed in the study. All these markers were mapped in the distance not exceeding 6 cM from the gene of interest. In the second mapping population (541×Ot1-3 intercross), only 9 DArT markers located closely to the Rfc1 gene were identified. Five of these DArT markers were polymorphic in both populations

Control of distillation column using nonlinear predictive algorithm

Popularną metodą rozdziału ciekłych mieszanin wieloskładnikowych jest rektyfikacja, stosowana w różnych gałęziach przemysłu. W artykule rozważana jest mieszanina etanol-woda. Przedstawiono powszechnie stosowany nieliniowy model dwuskładnikowej kolumny rektyfikacyjnej, dokonano jego dyskretyzacji i zaimplementowano w środowisku MATLAB/Simulink. Następnie zaprojektowano układ sterowania wykorzystując nieliniowy algorytm predykcyjny. W badaniach symulacyjnych przeanalizowano wpływ zmian parametrów algorytmu sterowania i zakłóceń na jakość sterowania.Distillation is the most common unit operation in different branches (e.g. petrochemical, chemical, paper, food and pharmaceutical) of industry. A two product (ethanol-water) distillation process is considered in the paper. There is presented a widely used model of two product distillation column [5]. Next, a nonlinear predictive algorithm is designed. The model predictive technology has achieved a strong position in the industrial process control. The proposed control system is validated by simulations in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The influence of control parameters and disturbances is analysed. The paper is organized as follows. Section 1 contains an introduction to the issues of this paper. The distillation column is described in Section 2. Section 3 presents the dynamical nonlinear model of a distillation column. The nonlinear predictive algorithm is designed in the next section. The simulation results and analysis are presented in Section 5. Finally, the conclusions are drawn

Measurement approach of mean heat transfer coefficient for packed bed of vegetables

The non-invasive measurement approach of the mean heat transfer coefficient for the packed bed of vegetables may be thought as still open issue. There is a clear need for the assessment of heat transfer conditions for various types of fruits and vegetables in order to accurately predict the thermal load that is necessary to select refrigeration equipment for cold storage chamber. Additionally, there is significant development in numerical modelling of heat and mass transfer processes in cold storage chambers for fruits and vegetables which requires precise heat transfer prediction. The theoretical basis for the indirect measurement approach of mean heat transfer coefficient for the packed bed of vegetables that is based on single blow technique is presented and discussed in the paper. The approach based on the modified model of Liang and Yang was presented and discussed. The testing stand consisted of a dedicated experimental tunnel along with auxiliary equipment and measurement system are presented. The geometry of the tested vegetables bed were presented. Selected experimental results of heat transfer are presented and discussed for the packed bed of carrots. These results were presented as dimensionless relationship. The obtained results were compared with the existing dimensionless relationships developed for the packed bed consisting of elements of various regular shapes

Digital terrain model-based coast relief analysis

Strefa brzegowa morza to bardzo ważny gospodarczo i społecznie obszar wzajemnej interakcji pomiędzy trzema żywiołami: lądem, morzem i atmosferą a obecnością i działalnością ludzką. Od wieków człowiek obserwuje i bada wybrzeże w celu przewidzenia jego zmiennej natury i ujarzmienia jej. Ochrona brzegu morskiego zmierza przede wszystkim do powstrzymania i usuwania skutków niszczącej działalności morza. Aby działania takie mogły przynieść pożądany skutek niezbędna jest wiedza o miejscu występowania najbardziej wrażliwych i narażonych części brzegu. W tym celu przeprowadzono analizę rzeźby dla pasa technicznego Urzędu Morskiego w Szczecinie z wykorzystaniem numerycznego modelu terenu. Numeryczny model terenu z uwagi na duże możliwości jakie daje informatyka stał się istotnym elementem w modelowaniu różnorodnych zjawisk przestrzennych w systemach GIS. W niniejszym opracowaniu model utworzony na podstawie mapy zasadniczej z roku 2002 w skali 1:2000 był podstawą do przeprowadzenia analiz i w rezultacie pozwolił na stworzenie klasyfikacji morfologicznej badanego terenu i jego ocenę pod kątem zagrożeń od strony morza. Niniejsze badania mogą służyć jako podstawa do bardziej złożonych analiz zmian rzeźby brzegu morskiego z uwzględnieniem dodatkowych parametrów takich jak tempo erozji i akumulacji oraz wzrost poziomu morza.The coastal zone of the sea is an economically and socially important area of interaction between three basic elements: the land, the sea and the atmosphere; it is also affected by human activities. Coastal processes have been for ages investigated to forecast, restrain, and tame their nature. Coastal defence systems are mostly designated to stop or mitigate destructive effects of the sea. Such activities can succeed only if there is sufficient knowledge on the most sensitive and fragile parts of the coast. To identify such areas, a coast strip managed by the Szczecin Maritime Office was analysed with a digital terrain model. Due to its large technical potential, the digital terrain model (DTM) has become a very important tool in modelling of a variety of spatial phenomenon within GIS systems. In this work, a TIN model developed from a 1:2000 map of a technical strip belt for 2002 was used to analyse the morphology of the Polish coast. The analysis allowed to distinguish several morphological classes; in addition, coastal safety classes were identified. The results should be analysed in a wider context taking into account additional variables such as erosion and accumulation rates or the mean sea level rise