PERANCANGAN PABRIK ES BALOK TENAGA SURYA (Studi Kasus: Desa Pulau Jemur Kabupaten Rokan Hilir Provinsi Riau)

Kebutuhan es balok yang digunakan para nelayan di daerah pesisir sebagai pengawet hasil tangkapan ikan sulit untuk dipenuhi karena Desa tersebut belum tersambung listrik PLN dan jarak yang jauh ke lokasi pabrik es tertekat. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini di rancang pabrik es balok tenaga surya dengan memanfaatkan sumber energi yang ada di Desa tersebut. Perancangan ini berlandaskan Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS 4509.2:2010 Stand Alone Power System Part 2: System Design. Dari aspek teknis dengan beban daya 337,87 kWh per hari dibutuhkan 300 panel surya berkapasitas 99000 Wp, 184 unit baterai yang dihubungkan secara dan paralel dengan tegangan 12V berkapasitas 200 Ah, 10 unit SCC dengan arus pengisian 100 A sebagai pengontrol pengisian baterai di hubungkan secara parallel total kapasitasnya 1000 Ah dan 1 unit inverter 550Vdc to 380 Vac 33 kW untuk memenuhi kebutuhan beban pabrik es balok sebesar 21.74 kW. Dari Aspek Ekonomis, kebutuhan biaya investasi awal sebesar Rp. 6.642.274.300. Biaya investasi akan kembali pada tahun ke 4 dan mendapat total laba selama 20 tahun mencapai Rp. 55.845.980.166. Dari desain menggunakan soffware sketchup menghasilkan layout yang membutuhkan luas bangunan 728 m² untuk menampung 300 panel surya, 184 baterai, 10 SCC, 1 inverter, 1 unit mesin es balok DK50, 1 unit pompa air dan 6 unit bola lampu. Berdasarkan hasil dari perhitungan teknis dan ekonomis perancangan ini, dapat disimpulkan perancangan pabrik es balok tenaga surya layak untuk di implementasikan. Kata Kunci : Pabrik Es Balok, Tenaga Surya, PLTS Off Grid, AS/NZS 4509.2:2010, sketchup

Ultras in Egypt: The Power of Organized Soccer Fans and their Political Influence on the2011 Egyptian Revolution and Post-Revolution Era

In this thesis, I will investigate how the Ultras, a group of organized and nationalistic Egyptian football fans who are widely credited with having played a major part in the more physical aspects of the Egyptian uprising (Woltering 2013), became politicized and significant actors in the 2011 Egyptian revolution. The Ultras, as hard-core soccer supporters, have the ethos of fanatical commitment towards their respective clubs (Jerzak 2013). In the case of Egypt, most of these Ultras are associated with the two largest soccer clubs, Al-Ahly and Al-Zamalek. I will analyze what political ideologies and social and economic factors have affected the mobilization of the Ultras, and assess whether the Ultras have specific sustainable political objectives and organizational leadership strategies to be viable Egyptian political actors. Interrelated factors, such as political beliefs, socio-economic status, educational level, organizational structure, gender, and age will be used to understand the coalescence of the Ultras as a significant political force during and after the 2011 Egyptian Revolution. This analysis will provide a fundamental understanding of how the Ultras transformed into revolutionary actors, through their autonomy in public spaces, and why this dissent became an organized and influential political movement that transitioned from the soccer stadiums to the public forums of political protest. I will use semi-structured interviews, with academicians and Ultra leaders, and an analysis of published data and sources to understand how the Ultras transformed into revolutionary actors, and whether they will have a sustainable and meaningful political impact on the Egyptian political scene.Bachelor of Art

PENJADWALAN PRODUKSI FLOWSHOP DENGAN METODE CAMPBELL DUDEK SMITH, NAWAZ ENSCORE HAM DAN HEURISTIC POUR

Penjadwalan produksi merupakan kegiatan pengalokasian sumber-sumber atau mesin-mesinyang ada untuk menjalankan sekumpulan tugas dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Bottom Factorymerupakan salah satu departemen yang ada di PT XYZ khusus dalam pembuatan outsole sepatu.Dengan tingginya permintaan outsole, perusahaan berupaya untuk mencegah terjadinyaketerlambatan dalam pemenuhan keinginan konsumen, namun kondisi penjadwalan perusahaansaat ini belum baik karena banyak terjadi penambahan waktu jam kerja (lembur), serta urutanpekerjaan atau job masih konvensional dalam hal ini masih menggunakan sistem FCFSdampaknya ketika penjadwalan yang dilakukan kurang sesuai dalam sistem produksi tersebutmenyebabkan nilai makespan menjadi besar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untukmengetahui nilai waktu penyelesaian (makespan) kondisi eksisting, memilih urutan penjadwalanterbaik berdasarkan makespan minimum, serta melakukan perbandingan jam kerja. Metodeyang digunakan dalam penjadwalan produksi dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode CampbellDudek Smith (CDS), Nawaz Enscore Ham (NEH), dan Heuristic Pour. Penelitian ini melibatkan5 buah stasiun kerja dan menghasilkan 4 jenis type outsole. Penjadwalan dengan menggunakanmetode CDS, NEH, dan Heuristic Pour menghasilkan nilai makespan terkecil yang sama yaknisebesar 339,399 jam dengan urutan pengerjaan job yaitu 4–2–3-1. Dengan penjadwalan terbaiktersebut perusahaan mampu menghemat waktu sebesar 6,121% serta mampu menghilangkanpenambahan jam kerja dari yang semula 20 jam. dan perusahaan dapat meningkatkan kapasitasproduksinya yaitu berdasarkan perbandingan selisih nilai makespan eksisting dengan usulan,sehingga perusahaan mampu meningkatkan kapasitas output nya sebesar 6,5% untuk setiap typeoutsole.  Kata kunci: CDS, heuristic pour, makespan, NEH, outsole, penjadwalan produksi

PENGARUH CURAH HUJAN HARIAN MAKSIMUM BULANAN TERHADAP STABILITAS LERENG STUDI KASUS DESA MANGUNHARJO KECAMATAN JATIPURNO KABUPATEN WONOGIRI

M. Zikry Tawakkal. 2015. Pengaruh Curah Hujan Harian Maksimum Bulanan Terhadap Stabilitas Lereng. Skripsi. Program Studi Teknik Sipil. Fakultas Teknik. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Surakarta. Wonogiri merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Jawa Tengah yang sebagian besar wilayahnya berupa lereng atau perbukitan. Di banyak daerah perbukitan seperti Wonogiri bencana tanah longsor sering terjadi. Salah satu penyebab terjadinya tanah longsor adalah hujan lebat/hujan berkepanjangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Mangunharjo Kec. Jatipurno Kab. Wonogiri dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh hujan dan kemiringan lereng terhadap faktor keamanan lereng. Penelitian ini menggunakan data hujan harian maksimum bulanan selama 10 tahun antara tahun 2004 – 2013 dan data tanah yang diperolah dari uji sampel tanah yang diambil di lokasi penelitian. Metode Green-Ampt digunakan untuk menghitung besar tebal tanah jenuh yang terjadi akibat adanya infiltrasi air hujan (Hsat). Lama hujan yang terjadi dalam sehari diambil selama 4 jam. Stabilitas lereng dihitung dengan menggunakan metode Lereng Tak Hingga (Infinite Slope) untuk memperoleh nilai faktor keamanan (SF) lereng. Model lereng menggunakan variasi kemiringan sebesar 30o, 42o, 45o, dan 60o. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa infiltrasi air akibat hujan berpengaruh terhadap stabilitas lereng. Untuk semua model lereng, nilai SF menurun setelah hujan terjadi. Penurunan nilai SF ini disebabkan oleh bertambahnya beban pada lereng karena infiltrasi air hujan ke dalam tanah. Kemiringan lereng juga berpengaruh terhadap stabilitas lereng. Semakin besar kemiringan suatu lereng semakin kecil nilai SF yang diperoleh. Model lereng dengan kemiringan 60o mempunyai nilai SF < 1 yang menunjukkan bahwa lereng tidak stabil. Kata Kunci : Green-Ampt, Infiltrasi, Infinite Slope, Longso

Nano Sized Moringa oleifera an Effective Strategy for Pb(II) ions Removal from Aqueous Solution

Nano-sized  Moringa oleifera is considered an effective   biosorbent  with  high surface area from agricultural waste, low coast and environment-friendly which can be used for removal of  Pb2+ from waste water. Thus our study stem to investigate the ability of natural nano-sized biosorbents for removing  very toxic Pb2+ ions from aqueous solution. The investigated biosorbent (Moringa oleifera) was characterized by FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD and EDX techniques. Moreover, the influence of pH, temperature, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial metal ion concentration on adsorption process were investigated. The maximum biosorption capacities (qm) of Pb2+ ions by Moringa oleifera was 37.9 mg/g. The lowest biosorption was observed (61.4%) for Pb2+ ions at pH 2.0 while the highest one (94.36%) at pH 5. The optimum contact time for the adsorption process was found to be at 60 minutes. The amount of Pb2+ ions adsorbed increases with increasing in initial metal ion concentration. Moreover, biosorption capacity (qe) and removal efficiency of Pb2+ ions solutions increase as temperature increases. FT-IR data indicated that the adsorption of metal ions occurs on the surface of Moringa oleifera powder as the main functional groups that are responsible for metal ions binding are involved in the process. Furthermore, Thermodynamic studies confirmed that the biosorption process was endothermic and the positive value of ΔG° is quite common when an ion-exchan­­ge mechanism applies in the biosorption. The Positive value of ΔS◦ suggested an increase in randomness during the biosorption. The kinetics study of sorption indicates that the pseudo second-order model provides better correlation of the sorption data (R2=0.99) than the pseudo first-order model (R2 = 0.91), confirming the chemisorption of metal ions solutions on Moringa oleifera. The Freundlich isotherm has agood fit with the experimental data (R2 close to 1) compared to Langmuir isotherm (R2=0.99). This study shows that Moringa oleifera are available, low cost, effective and environment friendlly biosorbent for the removal of Pb2+ ions from aqueous environment. Keywords: Lead, biosorption, Thermodynamics, kinetics, removal efficiency, Moringa oleifera, isother

Integrated Experimental, Atomistic, and Microstructurally Based Finite Element Investigation of the Dynamic Compressive Behavior of 2139 Aluminum

The objective of this study was to identify the microstructural mechanisms related to the high strength and ductile behavior of 2139-Al, and how dynamic conditions would affect the overall behavior of this alloy. Three interrelated approaches, which span a spectrum of spatial and temporal scales, were used: (i) The mechanical response was obtained using the split Hopkinson pressure bar, for strain-rates ranging from 1.0×10^(−3) s to 1.0×10^4 s^(−1). (ii) First principles density functional theory calculations were undertaken to characterize the structure of the interface and to better understand the role played by Ag in promoting the formation of the Ω phase for several Ω-Al interface structures. (iii) A specialized microstructurally based finite element analysis and a dislocation-density based multiple-slip formulation that accounts for an explicit crystallographic and morphological representation of Ω and Θ' precipitates and their rational orientation relations were conducted. The predictions from the microstructural finite element model indicated that the precipitates continue to harden and also act as physical barriers that impede the matrix from forming large connected zones of intense plastic strain. As the microstructural FE predictions indicated, and consistent with the experimental observations, the combined effects of Θ' and Ω, acting on different crystallographic orientations, enhance the strength and ductility, and reduce the susceptibility of 2139-Al to shear strain localization due to dynamic compressive loads

Neighborhood environment, social cohesion, and epigenetic aging

Living in adverse neighborhood environments has been linked to risk of aging-related diseases and mortality; however, the biological mechanisms explaining this observation remain poorly understood. DNA methylation (DNAm), a proposed mechanism and biomarker of biological aging responsive to environmental stressors, offers promising insight into potential molecular pathways. We examined associations between three neighborhood social environment measures (poverty, quality, and social cohesion) and three epigenetic clocks (Horvath, Hannum, and PhenoAge) using data from the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study (n=158). Using linear regression models, we evaluated associations in the total sample and stratified by sex and social cohesion. Neighborhood quality was associated with accelerated DNAm aging for Horvath age acceleration (β = 1.8; 95% CI: 0.4, 3.1), Hannum age acceleration (β = 1.7; 95% CI: 0.4, 3.0), and PhenoAge acceleration (0 = 2.1; 95% CI: 0.4, 3.8). In models stratified on social cohesion, associations of neighborhood poverty and quality with accelerated DNAm aging remained elevated for residents living in neighborhoods with lower social cohesion, but were null for those living in neighborhoods with higher social cohesion. Our study suggests that living in adverse neighborhood environments can speed up epigenetic aging, while positive neighborhood attributes may buffer effects

Humoral Immune Response and Safety of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

INTRODUCTION:Children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may respond differently to COVID-19 immunization as compared with healthy children or adults with IBD. Those younger than 12 years receive a lower vaccine dose than adults. We sought to describe the safety and humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccine in children with IBD.METHODS:We recruited children with IBD, ages 5-17 years, who received ≥ 2 doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine by a direct-to-patient outreach and at select sites. Patient demographics, IBD characteristics, medication use, and vaccine adverse events were collected. A subset of participants had quantitative measurement of anti-receptor binding domain IgG antibodies after 2-part immunization.RESULTS:Our study population included 280 participants. Only 1 participant required an ED visit or hospitalization because of an adverse event. Of 99 participants who underwent anti-receptor binding domain IgG antibody measurement, 98 had a detectable antibody, with a mean antibody level of 43.0 g/mL (SD 67) and a median of 22 g/mL (interquartile range 12-38). In adjusted analyses, older age (P = 0.028) and antitumor necrosis factor monotherapy compared with immunomodulators alone (P = 0.005) were associated with a decreased antibody level. Antibody response in patients treated with antitumor necrosis factor combination vs monotherapy was numerically lower but not significant.DISCUSSION:Humoral immune response to COVID-19 immunization in children with IBD was robust, despite a high proportion of this pediatric cohort being treated with immunosuppressive agents. Severe vaccine-related AEs were rare. Overall, these findings provide a high level of reassurance that pediatric patients with IBD respond well and safely to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

Laparoscopy in management of appendicitis in high-, middle-, and low-income countries: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency worldwide. Differences between high- and low-income settings in the availability of laparoscopic appendectomy, alternative management choices, and outcomes are poorly described. The aim was to identify variation in surgical management and outcomes of appendicitis within low-, middle-, and high-Human Development Index (HDI) countries worldwide. METHODS: This is a multicenter, international prospective cohort study. Consecutive sampling of patients undergoing emergency appendectomy over 6 months was conducted. Follow-up lasted 30 days. RESULTS: 4546 patients from 52 countries underwent appendectomy (2499 high-, 1540 middle-, and 507 low-HDI groups). Surgical site infection (SSI) rates were higher in low-HDI (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.33-4.99, p = 0.005) but not middle-HDI countries (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.76-2.52, p = 0.291), compared with high-HDI countries after adjustment. A laparoscopic approach was common in high-HDI countries (1693/2499, 67.7%), but infrequent in low-HDI (41/507, 8.1%) and middle-HDI (132/1540, 8.6%) groups. After accounting for case-mix, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.71, p < 0.001) and SSIs (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.33, p < 0.001). In propensity-score matched groups within low-/middle-HDI countries, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.23 95% CI 0.11-0.44) and SSI (OR 0.21 95% CI 0.09-0.45). CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic approach is associated with better outcomes and availability appears to differ by country HDI. Despite the profound clinical, operational, and financial barriers to its widespread introduction, laparoscopy could significantly improve outcomes for patients in low-resource environments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02179112

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe