Adaptive Mobility Management Scheme for Mobile IP using Ad Hoc Networks.

Mobile IP has been developed to handle global mobility of mobile hosts. Mobile IP suffers from a number of drawbacks such as frequent location update, high signaling overhead, high handover latency, high packet loss rate, and requirement of infrastructure change. To treat these problems, we propose a new mobility management scheme by constructing dynamic service regions of Ad Hoc networks for roaming mobile host without location update to reduce signaling overhead and packets loss. Analytical analysis and simulation results are shown in this paper to demonstrate that the proposed scheme performs better performance than other schemes

A multi-biometric iris recognition system based on a deep learning approach

YesMultimodal biometric systems have been widely applied in many real-world applications due to its ability to deal with a number of significant limitations of unimodal biometric systems, including sensitivity to noise, population coverage, intra-class variability, non-universality, and vulnerability to spoofing. In this paper, an efficient and real-time multimodal biometric system is proposed based on building deep learning representations for images of both the right and left irises of a person, and fusing the results obtained using a ranking-level fusion method. The trained deep learning system proposed is called IrisConvNet whose architecture is based on a combination of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Softmax classifier to extract discriminative features from the input image without any domain knowledge where the input image represents the localized iris region and then classify it into one of N classes. In this work, a discriminative CNN training scheme based on a combination of back-propagation algorithm and mini-batch AdaGrad optimization method is proposed for weights updating and learning rate adaptation, respectively. In addition, other training strategies (e.g., dropout method, data augmentation) are also proposed in order to evaluate different CNN architectures. The performance of the proposed system is tested on three public datasets collected under different conditions: SDUMLA-HMT, CASIA-Iris- V3 Interval and IITD iris databases. The results obtained from the proposed system outperform other state-of-the-art of approaches (e.g., Wavelet transform, Scattering transform, Local Binary Pattern and PCA) by achieving a Rank-1 identification rate of 100% on all the employed databases and a recognition time less than one second per person

Anastrozole (‘Arimidex’) blocks oestrogen synthesis both peripherally and within the breast in postmenopausal women with large operable breast cancer

The effect of anastrozole on peripheral and tumour aromatase activity and oestrogen levels in postmenopausal patients with oestrogen receptor-rich breast tumours was investigated. Twenty-six patients were randomly allocated to treatment with anastrozole 1 mg (n=13) or 10 mg (n=13), once daily. Before and after 12 weeks' treatment, patients were infused with 3H-Δ4 androstenedione (20 MBq) and 14C-oestrone (E1) (1 MBq) for 18 h. Oestrogens were purified from excised tumours and plasma samples taken after each infusion. Peripheral and tumour aromatase activity and tumour E1 uptake were calculated from levels of 3H and 14C in purified E1 fractions from tumour and plasma. Endogenous tumour oestrogens were measured by radioimmunoassay. Twenty-three patients were available for analysis (1 mg group, n=12; 10 mg group, n=11). Following treatment, anastrozole (1 and 10 mg) markedly inhibited peripheral aromatase in all patients (the difference between pre- and on-treatment values being highly significant P<0.0001). In situ aromatase activity was also profoundly decreased by anastrozole treatment in 16 of 19 tumours (the difference with treatment also being highly significant P=0.0009). Most tumours were able to concentrate E1 beyond levels in the circulation; anastrozole treatment had no consistent effect on uptake of E1. Endogenous tumour levels of both E1 and oestradiol (E2) were significantly reduced with therapy (P=0.028 for E1 and P=0.0019 for E2). Anastrozole (1 and 10 mg daily) effectively suppresses aromatase activity, and subsequently oestrogen levels, within the breast tissue of postmenopausal women with large or locally advanced, operable, oestrogen receptor-rich breast cancers

Effect of neoadjuvant treatment with anastrozole on tumour histology in postmenopausal women with large operable breast cancer

Anastrozole is an orally active, non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor which appears effective as neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Histological changes have been evaluated in biopsies from large, oestrogen-receptor rich, operable breast tumours in postmenopausal women following 12 weeks of neoadjuvant anastrozole treatment (1 mg (n=12) or 10 mg (n=11)). Of the 23 patients, 18 had a clinical response following treatment. Compared with pre-treatment biopsies anastrozole-treated specimens displayed decreased cellularity and/or increased fibrosis in 15 tumours; changes in gland formation, nuclear pleomorphism, or mitoses, in 12 cases; and a reduction in Mib1 score in all tumours. Marked changes in apoptotic scores were seen following treatment but the direction of effect was inconsistent. In all 17 tumours which were positive for progesterone receptors before therapy, treatment was associated with reduced staining for progesterone receptors. There was no consistent effect of treatment on oestrogen-receptor expression. It is concluded that neoadjuvant anastrozole treatment in this patient group has marked effects on tumour histopathology but these do not always correlate with clinical response

Multicentre evaluation of the management of children with high risk medulloblastoma: Real world performance of the SJMB03 and COG-99701 protocols

\ua9 2025 The Authors. Several treatment protocols are used for the treatment of high-risk medulloblastoma (HR-MB). In 2015, the UK Children\u27s Cancer and Leukaemia Group issued guidance recommending treatment as per the SJMB03 protocol, whilst also recognising that the COG-99701 protocol may be used. Patients were defined as high-risk if metastatic at presentation, large-cell/anaplastic histology, MYC amplification, significant residual disease or MYCN amplification. Recently, the latter two only define high risk if other adverse features are present. Methods: Retrospective multi-centre service evaluation of treatment of HR-MB at five UK centres. Patients were included if treated as per SJMB03 or COG-99701. Patients were excluded if initially treated for standard-risk medulloblastoma and subsequently treated with these protocols due to upstaging or disease progression. Results: 58 patients were identified: 26 treated as per SJMB03, 32 as per COG-99701. 5-year OS was 83 % (95 %CI 73–94 %) and 5-year PFS was 65 % (53–80 %). For patients treated as per SJMB03, 5-year OS and PFS were 80 % (65–97 %) and 75 % (60–95 %) respectively; for patients treated as per COG-99701, 5-year OS and PFS were 85 % (73–100 %) and 60 % (43–83 %). There was no significant difference in outcomes between protocols. There was a higher incidence of grade 3/4 ototoxicity (44 % vs 6 %, p = 0.001) and admission to paediatric intensive care (19 % vs 0 %, p = 0.014) in patients treated as per SJMB03 compared to COG-99701. Conclusion: These real-world outcomes are consistent with the published literature on HR-MB patients treated with these protocols within clinical trials, and provide important evidence to inform their use in routine practice

Chemotherapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma: past results and recent developments

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