Production of polycolonal antibody against domain 2-4 of protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis in laboratory animals

زمینه و هدف: آنتراکس که مسبب آن باکتری باسیلوس آنتراسیس می‌باشد یک بیماری عفونی حاد است و اغلب در گیاه‌خواران و انسان اتفاق می‌افتد. فرم رویشی باسیلوس آنتراسیس یک اگزوتوکسین سه جزیی شامل آنتی ژن حفاظت کننده (Protective Antigen=PA)، فاکتور کشنده (Lethal Factor=LF) و فاکتور ادم (Edema Factor=EF) می‌باشد. آنتی ژن حفاظت کننده به عنوان یک ایمونوژن اولیه برای توسعه ایمنی حمایتی بر علیه آنتراکس بررسی شده است. این مطالعه با هدف تولید آنتی بادی علیه ناحیه 4-2 آنتی ژن حفاظت کننده این باکتری در حیوانات آزمایشگاهی طراحی و اجرا شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی ناحیه 4-2 ژن PA از پلاسمید pXOI با جایگاه های آنزیمی BamHI و HindIII به روش PCR تکثیر و در وکتورها کلون و ساب کلون شد. وکتور (pET28a(+ در باکتری اشرشیاکلی سویه BL21(DE3) ترانسفورم گردید. بعد از القاء با IPTG، بیان پروتئین ژن PA مشاهده شد. پروتئین تخلیص شده در 4 نوبت به موش و خرگوش تزریق شد؛ سپس آنتی بادی تولید شده از سرم موش و خرگوش جداسازی و توسط آزمون الایزا تایید گردید. یافته ها: ناحیه 4-2 ژن PAکلون شده در وکتور بیانی pET28a(+) به وسیله ی توالی یابی، PCR، آنالیز آنزیمی، الکتروفورز در ژل پلی اکریل آمید و لکه گذاری وسترن مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. افزایش تیتر آنتی بادی در خون موش و خرگوش توسط آزمون الایزا تایید گردید. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به ایمونوژن بودن پروتئین PA، می‌توان از آن در طراحی واکسن و همچنین به عنوان ادجوانت قوی سیستم مخاطی استفاده نمود

On Solution and Stability of a Two-Variable Functional Equations

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the stability of the functional equation f(x+y,y+z)=2f(x/2,y/2)+2f(y/2,z/2) in normed spaces. The solutions of such functional equations are considered

Robust creation of atomic W state in a cavity by adiabatic passage

We propose two robust schemes to generate controllable (deterministic) atomic W-states of three three-level atoms interacting with an optical cavity and a laser beam. Losses due to atomic spontaneous emissions and to cavity decay are efficiently suppressed by employing adiabatic passage technique and appropriately designed atom-field couplings. In these schemes the three atoms traverse the cavity-mode and the laser beam and become entangled in the free space outside the cavity.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to Optics Communication

A Note to Paper “On the Stability of Cubic Mappings and Quartic Mappings in Random Normed Spaces” (Erratum)

Recently, Baktash et al. (2008) proved the stability of the cubic functional equation f(2x+y)+f(2x−y)=2f(x+y)+2f(x−y)+12f(x) and the quartic functional equation f(2x+y)+f(2x−y)=4f(x+y)+4f(x−y)+24f(x)−6f(y) in random normed spaces. In this note, we correct the proofs

Contractive Mapping in Generalized, Ordered Metric Spaces with Application in Integral Equations

We consider the concept of Ω-distance on a complete, partially ordered -metric space and prove some fixed point theorems. Then, we present some applications in integral equations of our obtained results

Experts� perspectives on the application of public-private partnership policy in prevention of road traffic injuries

Purpose: Successful application experiences on public-private partnership (PPP) in different countries, suggest that PPP could be an option in road traffic injury (RTI) prevention. The present study aims at investigating the applicability of PPP policy in RTI prevention in Iran based on the experts� perspectives. Methods: This is a qualitative study with grounded theory approach which has been conducted in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2018. The participants were 22 experts in the field of RTIs selected using purposive sampling method. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and analyzed with content-analysis method. Results: The results were classified under 5 main themes (applicability, scopes and services, challenges, advantages, and strategies) for applying PPP policy and 37 sub-themes. Due to the prevalence of RTIs, the present challenges in public sector, existence of qualified private sector, and successful experiences in other areas, there are opportunities for private sector partnership in prevention of RTIs. Private sector could participate in different scopes and services regarding RTI prevention, including road construction and maintenance, maintenance and provision of vehicles safety and public education. The main challenges including legislation issues, ambiguities in collaboration, political and organizational unsustainability, government's financial hardship and lack of experienced experts in the field of RTI. However, there are significant advantages including high efficiency in program implementation, covering the weaknesses of public sector, effective and efficient management on application of PPP in RTI prevention. The strategies include identifying and prioritizing the assignable activities, identifying the qualified private sector, developing PPP policies and legal frameworks, creating a common language between public and private parties, trying to meet the expectations of the private sector by public sector, developing a comprehensive and sound contract, and cultivating public culture to accept private sector in the field of RTI prevention. Conclusion: This study sought to determine whether PPP could be used as strategy to reduce the burden of RTIs in Iran. But it requires a lot of preliminary studies to provide the context and conditions for applying this policy. © 2020 Chinese Medical Associatio

On the Stability of an -Variables Functional Equation in Random Normed Spaces via Fixed Point Method

At first we find the solution of the functional equation (1,…,)∶=∑=2(∑1=2∑+12=1+1⋯∑−+1=−+1)(∑=1,≠1,…,−+1−∑−+1=1)+(∑=1)−2−1(1)=0, where ≥2 is an integer number. Then, we obtain the generalized Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability in random normed spaces via the fixed point method for the above functional equation

Bovine Leukemia virus (BLV) and risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies

Background: Breast cancer is reported as one of the most common cancers among females worldwide. Infectious agents especially viruses have been considered as role players in the development of breast cancer. Although some investigations suggest an association between bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and breast cancer, the involvement of this virus as a risk factor remains controversial. The present study aimed to find out any possible association between BLV and breast cancer through conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Systematic literature search was performed by finding related case-control articles from the PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE databases. The heterogeneity and the multivariable-adjusted OR and corresponding 95 CI were applied by meta-analysis and forest plot across studies. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata 14.1. Result: Based on a comprehensive literature search, 9 case-control studies were included for meta-analysis. The combination of all included studies showed that BLV infection is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer summary OR (95% CI) 2.57 (1.45, 4.56). Conclusion: This is the first meta-analysis to analyze a potential association between BLV infection and the risk of breast cancer. Control of the infection in cattle herds and screening of the milk and dairy products may help to reduce the transmission of the virus to humans. © 2020 The Author(s)