Kontribusi Investasi Italia melalui PT. Saipem Indonesia terhadap Perekonomian Karimun Tahun 2010-2012

This research describes contributions of Italian investment through PT. Saipem Indonesia toward economic growh in Karimun District in 2010-2012. Karimun District that has been as created Free Trade Zone (FTZ) and Special Economic Zone (SEZ) created opportunities for Italia to invest in Karimun. Italia investment is poured through PT. Saipem Indonesia that was established on May 31st 2011 in Karimun District. Operation of PT. Saipem Indonesia in Karimun District increased economic growth in Karimun district.The writer collects data from journals, books, thesis, reports, working papers, tabloids, encyclopedia, and online media to analyze the contribution of Italia investment through PT. Saipem Indonesia in Karimun. The theoretical framework applied in this research are neoliberalism perspective from David Harvey, international investment theory from Kindley Berger and monopolistic advantages theory from Stephen Hymer.The research shows that contribution of Italia investment through PT. Saipem Indonesia provided great contributions, started from development of company project until established and company operation. Those contribution are high standard of employees salary, Saipem Externalities Local Content Evaluation (SELCE) method, economic value in development project, recruitment of local employee, young graduates program, training center, contributions in health sector, school and transfer of knowledge for student and society in Karimun District. These contributions influence to Regional Gross Domestic Product Karimun District, increase economic growth, increase Employees Participation Rates and decreased unemployment rates in Karimun District.Key words: PT. Saipem Indonesia, contribution, investment, economic growth, employees

Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Illegal Logging (Pembalakan Liar) sebagai Kejahatan Kehutanan Berdasarkan Undang-undang No. 41 Tahun 1999 Tentang Kehutanan dan Undang-undang No. 18 Tahun 2013 Tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Perusakan Hutan

Continuous destruction of natural forest has caused the decrease in the forest area. The problem of criminal act in forestry, especially illegal logging, is a very complicated problem to be coped with since the criminal act is very serious, well-organized, and has inter-state range. The people's lack of knowledge in the importance of forest for human benefit and the weakness of law has caused the complexity of any effort to handle illegal logging. Law No. 14/1999 on Forestry has not yet formulated the definition of illegal logging so that it causes multi-interpretation. Besides that, there are many weaknesses in the previous legal provisions which cause the prevention and the eradication become complicated. Therefore, Law No. 18/2013 on the Prevention and the Eradication was established. The result of the research showed that the criminal elements of illegal logging were found in Article 12 points a, b, c, d, e, f, and g, and in Article 19 points a, b, c, d, and f of Law No. 18/2013. Criminal responsibility of the perpetrators of illegal logging individually and corporately, either intentionally or because of negligence has been formulated in Articles 82 up to 85, in Article 94, and in Article 98. The reasons for annulling the criminal act is found in Article 11, paragraph (3) and in Article 13, paragraph (2) of Law No. 18/2013

Influence on polarization of samples polivinilchloride engine oil components

It has been studied how semi-synthetic motor oil affects the polarization of polyvinyl chloride samples. It has been defined that the oil components influence the process of polyvinyl chloride polarization. We have showed that the input and exhaust motor oil contains polar components which bring to the density growth of the polyvinyl chloride charge being guided by the electric field direction. The injected charges initiate a chemical interaction of oil components. The water higher rate containing in the exhaust oil is reflected in the parameters of charge density of the samples, as well as of the activation energy of the electrically active defects