PHILOSOPHERS ON BODY AND SPIRITUAL CULTURE

This study’s main focus on the view and the essential elements of physical and spiritual culture in philosopher’s works from ancient times until the end of the 20th century. This paper presents philosopher’s opinions on physical culture’s specific aspects, including physical education, sports, recreation and other border areas of the individual’s physical and spiritual activity. The references for this study on philosopher’s opinions are mainly from secondary sources. A concise statement of these philosopher’s work refers to the period before the New era, regarding Xenophanes, Socrates, Cliton, and Marcus Tallies Cicero. Then philosophers of the modern era, Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Immanuel Kant, Georg W.F. Hegel, Karl Marx, John Lobok, and the most prominent former Yugoslavs philosopher of the 20th century, Branislav Petronijevic. This study is not a critical review but a summary of the most influential thinkers’ views, from the historical aspect of the study preoccupation

Optical properties of NaxV2O5

The optical properties of sodium-deficient NaxV2O5 (0.85 < x <1) single crystals are analyzed in the wide energy range, from 0.012 to 4.5 eV, using ellipsometry, infrared reflectivity, and Raman scattering techniques. The material remains insulating up to the maximal achieved hole concentration of about 15%. In sodium deficient samples the optical absorption peak associated to the fundamental electronic gap develops at about 0.44 eV. It corresponds to the transition between vanadium dxy and the impurity band, which forms in the middle of the pure NaV2O5 gap. Raman spectra measured with incident photon energy larger then 2 eV show strong resonant behavior, due to the presence of the hole-doping activated optical transitions, peaked at 2.8 eV.Comment: 7 pages, 4 fugures, to be published in PR

Millimeter and submillimeter wave technology developments for the next generation of fusion devices

There is increasing demand for compact watt-level coherent sources in the millimeter and submillimeter wave region. The approach that we have taken to satisfy this need is to fabricate two-dimensional grids loaded with oscillators, electronic beam steerers, and frequency multipliers for quasioptical coherent spatial combining of the outputs of a large number of low-power devices

The e!ects of a non-intervention HACCP implementation on process hygiene indicators on bovine and porcine carcasses

Four sites on each of 720 dressed carcasses (360 bovine and 360 porcine) were sampled (2,880 samples in total) in a single commercial abattoir slaughtering cattle and pigs using two separate slaughterlines. The carcasses were sampled before HACCP (pre-HACCP; 960 samples) and after HACCP implementation (post-HACCP; 1,920 samples) and Total Viable Count (TVC), Enterobacteriaceae count (EC) and Salmonella spp. prevalence were determined. During the pre-HACCP period, mean TVC levels on four tested sites varied on bovine carcasses between 3.03 and 4.19 log10 cfu/cm2 and on porcine carcasses between 3.73 and 3.99 log10 cfu/cm2. During the post-HACCP period, TVC levels on all tested sites on carcasses were further signicantly reduced, by 0.33-1.64 log and 1.13-2.04 log on bovine and porcine carcasses, respectively, compared to the pre-HACCP period. Both the EC occurrence in samples and EC levels in EC-positive samples somewhat decreased during post-HACCP as compared to pre-HACCP period, but the reductions were not statistically signicant due to large proportion of EC-negative samples and very low counts in EC-positive samples. Salmonella spp. was not detected in any of bovine or porcine carcass samples, regardless of whether they were taken pre- or post-HACCP. Overall, the processhygiene- improving eects of non-intervention HACCP have been proven through reduction of TVC on carcasses, but could not be veried in the present study through similar reductions in EC and/or Salmonella, because of their low levels and/or absence

Association of child neurodevelopmental or behavioural problems with maternal unemployment in a population-based birth cohort

PurposeTo estimate associations between suspected or diagnosed neurodevelopmental or behavioural problems in 7-year-old children and maternal unemployment at child age 7 and 10, in a Portuguese birth cohort.MethodsWe evaluated 5754 mothers and their children of the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI in Porto, Portugal. Data on suspected and diagnosed child neurodevelopmental and behavioural problems (exposures)-learning, attention and language problems, externalising behaviours, developmental delay, autism spectrum disorders, and other neurodevelopmental problems-were retrieved at 7 years of age by interviewing caregivers. Maternal employment status (outcome) was collected at the 7- and 10-year follow-up waves. Robust Poisson regression models were used to estimate associations.ResultsAfter adjustment for maternal and household characteristics, women were more likely to be unemployed at child age 10 if the child had, up to age 7, any of the following suspected problems: an autism spectrum disorder (PR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.07, 2.79), developmental delay (PR = 1.58; 95% CI 1.20, 2.06), externalising behaviours (PR = 1.29; 95% CI 1.11, 1.50) or learning problems (PR = 1.26; 95% CI 1.07, 1.48). When the exposure was restricted to clinically diagnosed disorders, the magnitude of associations remained similar but estimates were less precise. Associations with unemployment were stronger at child age 10 (prospective analyses), than at child age 7 (cross-sectional).ConclusionHaving a child with learning, developmental or behavioural problems, or an autism spectrum disorder up to age 7 was associated with maternal unemployment three years later, even in a less affluent European economy where the dual-earner family structure is often necessary to make ends meet.This study was funded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Operational Programme Competitiveness and Internationalization; national funding from Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)-Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education under the projects 'STEPACHE-Raizes pediatricas da resposta ampliada a dor: das influencias contextuais a estratificacao do risco' (POCI- 01- 0145FEDER-029087) [Ref. FCT PTDC/SAUEPI/29087/2017], 'HIneC: Quando se revelam as desigualdades em saude?' (POCI-01-0145FEDER-029567) [Ref. FCT PTDC/SAU-PUB/29567/2017]; Epidemiology Research Unit-Instituto de Saude Publica, Universidade do Porto (EPIUnit) (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006862; UID/DTP/04750/2019); Administracao Regional de Saude Norte (Regional Department of Ministry of Health) and Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian; EEA Grants through the Work-life Balance and Gender Equality program operated by CIG (SGS3A2); ERDF, through the North Regional Operational Program in the framework of the project HEALTHUNORTE: Setting-up biobanks and regenerative medicine strategies to boost research in cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, neurological, oncological, immunological and infectious diseases (NORTE-01-0145FEDER-000039); PhD grant (Joana Amaro) co-funded by the FCT and the Human Capital Operating Program of the European Social Fund (POPH/ FSE Program) [PD/BD/128009/2016]; research grant from FOREUM Foundation for Research in Rheumatology (Career Research Grant). This study was based upon work from COST Action CA16216 (OMEGA-NET), supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology)

Levitation Using Microwave-Induced Plasmas

The levitation of objects above a microwave horn is demonstrated. High-power microwave pulses generate a low-temperature, diffuse plasma on the surface of the horn window. The thermal effect of the surface plasma brings about a localized increase in the pressure and results in a vertical flow of air, thus levitating the object