DIESEL ENGINE SMOKE AND THE UNO-EEC CHECKING REGULATION No. 24

It was studied whether the actual smoke exhaust by Diesei wehicle engines - is it that in steady-state or in unsteady-state operation at free acceleration, or does it differ from either? Smoke values obtained in steady-state operation are in themselves not typical of those in unsteady-state operation (e. g. urban traffic). No direct relationship can be found between smoke values in either operation. To check real (unsteady-state) smoke exhaust, Diesel engines have to be cycle tested - similar as for Qtto engines

BMFT-Verbundvorhaben Deponieabdichtungssysteme

The BMFT-sponsored interconnected project ''Further development of landfill sealing systems'' has the objective to optimize the landfill sealing system with all its components in a way ensuring the maximum possible sealing effect for a period of several centuries. The interconnected project is to cover the most important issues still open in this area. They concern essentially experimental investigations and mathematical models of the permeability and ductile properties of landfill sealings, test methods for such systems, the influence of physical stress factors (frost, effective load, vapour, dessication etc.), chemical stress factors (redox reactions etc.) and biochemical stress factors on permeability, the investigation of transport processes, and process-technical studies on the manufacture and maintenance of landfill sealing systms. (orig.)Das BMFT-Verbund-Forschungsvorhaben ''Weiterentwicklung von Deponieabdichtungssystemen'' dient dem Ziel, das Deponieabdichtungssystem mit allen seinen Komponenten so zu optimieren, dass es eine maximal moegliche Dichtwirkung zuverlaessig ueber Zeitraeume von einigen hundert Jahren entfalten kann. Mit dem Verbundvorhaben sollen die wichtigsten noch offenen Fragen innerhalb dieses Themengebietes abgedeckt werden. Sie befassen sich im wesentlichen mit experimentellen Untersuchungen und mathematischen Modellen der Durchlaessigkeit und des Verformungsverhaltens von Deponieabdichtungen, mit Pruefverfahren fuer diese Anlagen, sowie mit dem Einfluss physikalischer (Frost, Auflast, Dampf, Austrockung etc.), chemischer (Redoxreaktionen etc.) und biochemischer Stoerfaktoren auf die Durchlaessigkeit, mit der Untersuchung von Transportvorgaengen und mit verfahrenstechnischen Arbeiten zur Herstellung und Erhaltung von Deponieabdichtungssystemen. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RR 2801(2)+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Touch based POMDP manipulation via sequential submodular optimization

Figure S1. 3D human lung tissue aggregates to study angiogenesis. To investigate the molecular background of angiogenesis, a three dimensional human lung tissue model was set up using three characteristic cell types of the lung. Namely, primary normal small airway epithelial cells (SAEC), normal human lung fibroblast (NHLF) or VEGF-A-GFP overexpressing human fibroblast (F11) and human microvascular endothelial cells lung subtype (HMVEC-L). GFP aided the visualization of VEGF-A overexpressing fibroblasts in the core of the lung model. Actin was labeled by Alexa Fluor 568 conjugated phalloidin (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA) to detect all cells in the tissue. Scale bar, 200 Οm. (TIF 1897 kb

Additional file 2: Figure S2. of ABCB1 and ABCG2 drug transporters are differentially expressed in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and expression is modified by cisplatin treatment via altered Wnt signaling

Establishing a 3D lung tissue aggregate co-culture to model drug transporter expression and activity. Relative mRNA expression of ABCB1 and ABCG2 drug transporters in A) 2D monocultures, 3D co-culture aggregates (NS: NHLF-SAEC, HNS: HMVEC-L-NHLF-SAEC), B) in 3D co-culture aggregate (HNS: HMVEC-L-NHLF-SAEC) and normal, healthy lung tissue. mRNA expression is relative to beta-actin. In 2D cultures drug transporter expressions are much lower than in the controls. These expression levels increase in 3D culture conditions and all three cell types are needed to become similar to normal lung tissue expression levels. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 3 C) representative image of ABCG2 protein expression in 3D co-culture aggregate (HNS: HMVEC-L-NHLF-SAEC), scale bar 50 μm, magnification; D) functional activity of ABCB1 and ABCG2 drug transporters in 3D HMVEC-L-NHLF-SAEC co-culture aggregates. Data are presented as mean ± SEM of multidrug resistance activity factor values (MAF), n = 3. MAF values ≥ 20 are considered as active transporter function. (DOCX 655 kb