DEBT SUSTAINABILIY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN EGYPT

The persistence growth of Egypt's public domestic debt has raised concerns regarding its impact on economic growth and fears are being express about the debt sustainability. Utilizing data for the period 1981-2006, the results obtained from cointegration model reveal that the public domestic debt in Egypt has a robust negative impact on growth. The sustainability of debt was examined used some algebra methods. The results suggested that the recent path of debt followed in Egypt was sustainable. For debt to remain sustained in future, substantial fiscal reforms are needed and policies should be adopting to maintain an increasing growth-interest rate differential.Public Domestic Debt; Fiscal Budget; Debt Sustainability; Economic Growth; Cointegration.

Performance improvement of professional printing systems : from theory to practice

Performance Improvement of Professional Printing Systems: from theory to practice Markets demand continuously for higher quality, higher speed, and more energy-efficient professional printers. In this thesis, control strategies have been developed to improve the performance of both professional inkjet and laser printers. Drop-on-Demand (DoD) inkjet printing is considered as one of the most promising printing technologies. It offers several advantages including high speed, quiet operation, and compatibility with a variety of printing media. Nowadays, it has been used as low-cost and efficient manufacturing technology in a wide variety of markets. Although the performance requirements, which are imposed by the current applications, are tight, the future performance requirements are expected to be even more challenging. Several requirements are related to the jetted drop properties, namely, drop velocity, drop volume, drop velocity consistency, productivity, and reliability. Meeting the performance requirements is restricted by several operational issues that are associated with the design and operation of inkjet printheads. Major issues that are usually encountered are residual vibrations in and crosstalk among ink channels. This results in a poor printing quality for high-speed printing. Given any arbitrary bitmap, the main objective is to design actuation pulses such that variations in the velocity and volume of the jetted drops are minimized. Several model-based feedfoward control techniques using an existing model are implemented to generate appropriate input pulses for the printhead. Although the implementation of the model-based techniques shows a considerable improvement of the printhead performance compared with the current performance, further improvements are still necessary. We observe that besides the pulse shape the state of the ink surface at the nozzle plate (speed, position) at the start of the pulse influences the drop velocity considerably. This state at firing depends also on previous pixels in the bitmap of the image. Consequently, any pulse design has to guarantee almost the same initial state when firing a drop. Based on these facts, a model-free optimization scheme is developed to minimize the drop velocity variations taking into account the bitmap information. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the optimized pulses. Laser printing systems are highly depending on the appropriate combination of several design factors so as to become functional in a desired working range. The physical printing process involves multiple temperature set points at different places, precise electro-magnetic conditions, transfer of toner through certain pressures and layouts, and many other technical considerations. In the laser printing system there are several challenging issues and unknown disturbances. They originate from different sources, such as the printer itself (unknown phenomena appear, disturbances that are not foreseen, wear, contamination, failures, bugs), the environment of the system (power supply variations, temperature, humidity, vibrations), and the printing media (weight, coating, thermal properties, humidity characteristics, and initial temperature). These issues have a negative effect on the stability and performance of the laser printing system. The objective is to design a control scheme to achieve printing quality requirements and a high productivity. Good printing quality means that the fusing temperature should track a certain reference signal at different operating conditions. Based on the printing system behavior, we propose two different control schemes to cope with the large parameter variations and disturbances, namely, a Model Reference Adaptive Controller (MRAC) and a nonlinear (scheduled) observer-based output feedback control scheme. Both control techniques yield considerable performance improvements compared with the present industrial controller

Fractional Power Series Method For Solving The time-fractional biological population model equation

In this paper, we present approximate analytical solution of the time-fractional biological population equation using the fractional power series method (FPSM). The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. Some examples are given and the results are compared with the exact solutions.The results reveal that FPSM is very effective simple and efficient technique to handle fractional differential equations

Available nutrients and some soil properties of El-Qasr soils, El-Dakhla Oasis, Egypt

Ten surface soil samples (0-30 cm) were collected from El-Qasr village, El-Dakhla Oasis, New Valley, Egypt to investigate some soil properties and nutrients availability. The results revealed that most of the soil texture varied clay loam to sandy clay loam. The mean values of bulk density (BD), soil pH, electric conductivity (EC), saturation percentage (SP), calcium carbonate (CaCO3), cation exchangeable capacity (CEC), organic matter (OM), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) were 1.42 gcm3, 7.89, 3.34 dSm-1, 52.10%, 7.46 %, 28.08 cmol (+) kg-1, and 3.65, respectively. The mean values of N, P, and K were 99.37, 31.32, 121.93, mg/kg, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean values of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were 27.39, 18.38, 0.48, and 3.48 mgkg-1, respectively. The correlations coefficient of NPK was strongly positively significant relationship with clay, OM, CEC, and SAR, but they negatively correlated with pH, EC, CaCO3. Meanwhile, Fe, Mn, and Cu were positively correlated with EC, CaCO3, while they negatively correlated with clay, pH, OM, CEC, and SAR. Also, Zn was negatively correlated with clay, pH, EC, OM, and CaCO3, and it positively correlated with CEC and SAR

Length Biased Burr- XII Distribution: Properties and Application

Burr XII distribution is widely applicable in reliability and life testing problems in engineering as well as in survival analysis. The concept of weighted and size- biased sampling and length biased  distribution due to importance of this kind of distributions and it's application  in many fields such as medicine, ecology, reliability and human populations. In this paper, length biased Burr XII  distribution is proposed and studied. Different properties of this new distribution are discussed such as the density function and its behaviour , moments, hazard , survival functions and order statistics. The parameters of this new distribution are estimated by maximum likelihood method . The observed information matrix is derived. Finally, we provide a simulation and real data analysis to see how the new model is applicable in practice

Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Length biased Burr- XII Distribution with Censored Sample

In this paper, defined by [1],the maximum likelihood estimation for the parameters of the LBB-XII distribution are studied.Also, different types of censoring, such as, type I, type II. A simulation study is perform to evaluate the maximum likelihood estimates

New Iterative Method For Solving Nonlinear partial Differential Equations

This paper presents an approximate analytical solution of the non-linear Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation, Cahn Hilliard equation, Gardner equation, linear Klein Gordon equation

Successful Treatment of Stent Knot in the Proximal Ureter Using Ureteroscopy and Holmium Laser

Knotted ureteral stent is rare yet tedious complication that might represent a treatment challenge to the endourologist. Only twelve cases of knotted stent have been reported. Different management options have been reported, including simple traction, ureteroscopy, percutaneous removal, and open surgery. In this paper, we present the successful untying of the knot using ureteroscopy with holmium laser

Study of Some Physical and Mechanical ‎Properties of New Polymeric Composition from ‎Rubber

في هذا البحث تم  دراسة الخواص الفيزيائية والميكانيكية (الشد,الاستطالة,المرونة والصلابة) للجزء الخارجي لإطار السيارة المصنع في معمل إطارات بابل من خلال المطاط الصناعي (SBR) حيث حضر في هذه الدراسة ثلاث مجاميع من النماذج (العجنات المطاطية)  اولأ: المجموعة الأولى تضمنت 7 عجنات تحتوي على المطاط الصناعي والسيليكا  بنسب وزنيه مختلفة (1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%). ثانيأ: المجموعة الثانية  تضمنت 7 عجنات تحتوي على المطاط الصناعي والكأولين العراقي بنسب وزنية مختلفة (1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%).  ثالثأ: المجموعة الثالثة تحتوي 4 عجنات تتضمن مزج المالئات (السيليكا والكأولين) بنسب وزنية مختلفة.  اجريت عملية التحضير بااستخدام عصارة ذات رولة مزدوجة وبعد اجراء الفحوصات بينت النتائج ان افضل نسبة وزنية لتحسين الخواص الفيزيائية والميكانيكية هي (7.5phr)In this paper,studies of the physical and mechanical properties such as (tensile e  strength, elongation, modulus  and hardness) to (IT 1060) tires in Babylon tire industry are prepared in this study three groups of models      The first group: included 7 samples that contain synthetic rubber with silica in different proportions by weight (1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% ,12.5%, 15%)phr.           The second group: included 7 samples that contain synthetic rubber with Iraqi kaolin  in different proportions by weight (1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% ,12.5%, 15%)phr.      The third group: contains 4 samples included mix filler  (silica & kaolin) of different proportions by weight.                                 (Two roll mill) are used in preparation after conducting tests and the use of many devices test results showed that the best ratio by weight (7.5 phr) to improve the physical and mechanical propertie