Subphonemic and suballophonic consonant variation : the role of the phoneme inventory

Consonants exhibit more variation in their phonetic realization than is typically acknowledged, but that variation is linguistically constrained. Acoustic analysis of both read and spontaneous speech reveals that consonants are not necessarily realized with the manner of articulation they would have in careful citation form. Although the variation is wider than one would imagine, it is limited by the phoneme inventory. The phoneme inventory of the language restricts the range of variation to protect the system of phonemic contrast. That is, consonants may stray phonetically into unfilled areas of the language's sound space. Listeners are seldom consciously aware of the consonant variation, and perceive the consonants phonemically as in their citation forms. A better understanding of surface phonetic consonant variation can help make predictions in theoretical domains and advances in applied domains

MARKET STRUCTURE IN BIOTECHNOLOGY: IMPLICATIONS FOR LONG-RUN COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE

A country specializing in a high technology industry may find that excess returns stemming from innovation are reallocated overseas as foreign-based multinationals access ongoing domestic R&D through alliances with or acquisition of established domestic start-ups. Computer simulation illustrates this process in the context of the current US specialization in biotechnology. Keywords: Biotechnology, market structure, comparative advantageBiotechnology, market structure, comparative advantage, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Analysis of integration error in the ODP-L program and the effect of selenopotential parameters on the solution vector

Analysis of integration error in lunar orbit trajectory program and effect of selenopotential parameters on solution vecto

Keeping Research Data Safe 2: Final Report

The first Keeping Research Data Safe study funded by JISC made a major contribution to understanding of long-term preservation costs for research data by developing a cost model and indentifying cost variables for preserving research data in UK universities (Beagrie et al, 2008). However it was completed over a very constrained timescale of four months with little opportunity to follow up other major issues or sources of preservation cost information it identified. It noted that digital preservation costs are notoriously difficult to address in part because of the absence of good case studies and longitudinal information for digital preservation costs or cost variables. In January 2009 JISC issued an ITT for a study on the identification of long-lived digital datasets for the purposes of cost analysis. The aim of this work was to provide a larger body of material and evidence against which existing and future data preservation cost modelling exercises could be tested and validated. The proposal for the KRDS2 study was submitted in response by a consortium consisting of 4 partners involved in the original Keeping Research Data Safe study (Universities of Cambridge and Southampton, Charles Beagrie Ltd, and OCLC Research) and 4 new partners with significant data collections and interests in preservation costs (Archaeology Data Service, University of London Computer Centre, University of Oxford, and the UK Data Archive). A range of supplementary materials in support of this main report have been made available on the KRDS2 project website at http://www.beagrie.com/jisc.php. That website will be maintained and continuously updated with future work as a resource for KRDS users

Classical analog for dispersion cancellation of entangled photons with local detection

Energy-time entangled photon pairs remain tightly correlated in time when the photons are passed through equal magnitude, but opposite in sign, dispersion. A recent experimental demonstration has observed this effect on ultrafast time-scales using second-harmonic generation of the photon pairs. However, the experimental signature of this effect does not require energy-time entanglement. Here, we demonstrate a directly analogue to this effect in narrow-band second harmonic generation of a pair of classical laser pulses under similar conditions. Perfect cancellation is observed for fs pulses with dispersion as large as 850 fs$^2$, comparable to the quantum result, but with an $10^{13}$-fold improvement in signal brightness.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, matches published versio

The Effects of ITQ Management on Fishermen’s Welfare When the Processing Sector is Imperfectly Competitive

In this paper we use a general model of imperfect competition to predict welfare changes within an open-access fishery transitioning to individual transferable quota (ITQ) management. Although related research has explored the effects of market power in the harvesting sector on ITQ performance, none have considered the implications of an imperfectly competitive processing sector. This study addresses this question specifically in the context of the Atlantic herring fishery, although its implications are relevant to all fisheries with similar industry structure. Our results show that ITQs could have a negative impact on fishermen’s welfare when processors have market power and the cap on aggregate harvest is binding or becomes binding with the implementation of ITQs.ITQ, imperfect competition, welfare analysis, fisheries

Un programme de recherches sur la dynamique bioculturelle

L’objectif du programme présenté est de mettre en lumière les interactions des facteurs biologiques et sociaux dans les processus de renouvellement des populations. Les registres de population de plusieurs communautés, dont celles de l’île Saint-Barthélémy (Antilles françaises) et de l’Île-aux-Coudres (Québec), servent de base aux études envisagées. Les généalogies qu’on en tire sont mises à contribution plus spécifiquement pour des études en épidémiologie génétique. Une démarche complémentaire consiste à identifier les facteurs sociaux qui ont contribué à la structuration biologique des communautés.The objective of the research program presented in this note is to analyse the interrelations between biological and social factors in the process of demographic renewal. Population registers of various communities, among them those of Saint-Barthélémy (French Antilles) and Ile-aux-Coudres (Quebec), are used. The genealogies which were obtained from these registers contribute to the study of genetical epidemiology. The research program also includes the identification of social factors which may have contributed to the biological structure of the communities under study.El objetivo del programa presentado es de clarificar las interacciones de los factores biológicos y sociales en los procesos de renuevo de las poblaciones. Los registros de población de muchas comunidades, entre ellas la de la isla Saint-Barthélémy (Antillas Francesas) y de la "Ile-aux-Coudres" (Québec), sirven de base a los estudios encarados. Las genealogías que se extraen de ellos contribuyen más especificamente a estudios en epidemiologiá genética. Un proceso complementario consiste a identificar los factores sociales que han contribuido a la estructuracion biológica de las comunidades

Experimental bound entanglement in a four-photon state

Entanglement [1, 2] enables powerful new quantum technologies [3-8], but in real-world implementations, entangled states are often subject to decoherence and preparation errors. Entanglement distillation [9, 10] can often counteract these effects by converting imperfectly entangled states into a smaller number of maximally entangled states. States that are entangled but cannot be distilled are called bound entangled [11]. Bound entanglement is central to many exciting theoretical results in quantum information processing [12-14], but has thus far not been experimentally realized. A recent claim for experimental bound entanglement is not supported by their data [15]. Here, we consider a family of four-qubit Smolin states [16], focusing on a regime where the bound entanglement is experimentally robust. We encode the state into the polarization of four photons and show that our state exhibits both entanglement and undistillability, the two defining properties of bound entanglement. We then use our state to implement entanglement unlocking, a key feature of Smolin states [16].Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures. For a simultaneously submitted related work see arXiv:1005.196