4-Amino-3-(1-naphthyl­oxymeth­yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione

In the title compound, C13H12N4OS, the dihedral angle between the triazole and naphthalene ring systems is 67.42 (5)°. In the crystal, adjacent mol­ecules are linked via two pairs of inter­molecular N—H⋯S inter­actions, forming R 2 2(8) and R 2 2(10) ring motifs. Weak C—H⋯S inter­actions generate infinite chains along [001] and the structure is further consolidated by C–H⋯π bonds and aromatic π⋯π stacking inter­actions [distance between the centroids of the triazole rings = 3.2479 (7) Å]

4-Amino-3-(p-tolyl­oxymeth­yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione

In the title triazole compound, C10H12N4OS, the triazole ring is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.009 (1) Å] and forms a dihedral angle of 5.78 (4)° with the benzene ring. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked into dimers by centrosymmetric N—H⋯S inter­actions. These dimers are linked into two-mol­ecule-wide tapes by N—H⋯N and S⋯S [3.2634 (3) Å] inter­actions. In addition, they are further inter­connected by weak N—H⋯S inter­actions into sheets parallel to the ab plane. The crystal structure is further stabilized by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­actions

UTILISING GIS FOR DOCUMENTATION, CONSERVATION, AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY CAMPUS IN ANKARA AS A MODERN PERIOD LIVING HERITAGE PLACE

The Middle East Technical University (METU) Ankara Campus is one of the earliest and most prominent modern-period university campuses that resulted from an architectural competition in the 1960s in Turkey. However, METU Campus, as a modern-era heritage place, faces various threats, including pressure for new urban development. In addition, the increasing number of students and contemporary educational needs require changes in the physical infrastructure and campus settings. Thus, all these threaten the tangible and intangible values of the Campus. In this regard, conserving the METU Campus requires a multidimensional approach that considers a wide range of values and problems; herein, the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) becomes a useful tool for dealing with this complex work. Accordingly, the METU Campus GIS Project [METU_GIS] was developed to document and understand the multidimensional characteristics of the METU Campus, assess its values, and propose solutions to current issues while considering its values and potentials. Accordingly, the METU_GIS defines conservation policies and strategies that ensure the conservation and sustainability of the Campus as a living modern heritage place. Furthermore, the METU_GIS is a GIS-based conservation management plan created for a modern period campus for the first time in Turkey. Hence, it became an essential basis and a tool for conserving and managing the METU Campus as a modern living heritage place. All in all, the METU_GIS proves that Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are essential tools that can be used in the documentation, conservation, and monitoring of modern heritage places

A shape tailored gold-conductive polymer nanocomposite as a transparent electrode with extraordinary insensitivity to volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

In this study, the transparent conducting polymer of poly (3,4-ethylenendioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulphonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was nanohybridized via inclusion of gold nanofillers including nanospheres (NSs) and nanorods (NRs). Such nanocomposite thin films offer not only more optimum conductivity than the pristine polymer but also excellent resistivity against volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Interestingly, such amazing properties are achieved in the diluted regimes of the nanofillers and depend on the characteristics of the interfacial region of the polymer and nanofillers, i.e. the aspect ratio of the latter component. Accordingly, a shape dependent response is made that is more desirable in case of using the Au nanorods with a much larger aspect ratio than their nanosphere counterparts. This transparent nanocomposite thin film with an optimized conductivity and very low sensitivity to organic gases is undoubtedly a promising candidate material for the touch screen panel production industry. Considering PEDOT as a known material for integrated electrodes in energy saving applications, we believe that our strategy might be an important progress in the field.Peer reviewe

Changes of zinc, copper, and iron levels in the lung of male rats after subacute (4-week) and subchronic (13-week) exposure to formaldehyde

The medical use of formaldehyde has focused especially on laboratory use. Harmful effects of formaldehyde inhalation, such as nasal squamous cell carcinoma, are quite well documented. However, detailed studies of the mechanisms of the damaging effects of formaldehyde on lung tissue are quite limited. Amounts of such elements as zinc, copper, and iron within lung tissue indicate whether or not they function physiologically. In this study, 36 adult albino Wistar male rats (6 animals per group) were exposed to 0 (Control), 5, and 10 ppm (1 ppm ? 1.2 mg/m3) of formaldehyde gas for subacute (4-week) and subchronic (13-week) periods. Whole-body exposure was continuously carried out for 8 h/day, 5 days/week. Body weights were recorded weekly. Levels of metals mentioned above were measured in lung tissue by atomic absorption spectrometry using wet ashing and were then compared with levels in the control groups. At the end of the study, a gradual decrease in weight gain, a decrease in zinc levels, and an increase in iron levels were observed in both subacute and subchronic groups compared to control groups. Statistically significant increases in tissue Fe levels were seen in the 10 ppm subacute (P < 0.001), 5 ppm subchronic (P < 0.001), and 10 ppm subchronic (P < 0.001) groups. We conclude that subacute or subchronic exposure to cytotoxic concentrations of formaldehyde may cause growth retardation and alter the trace element levels of zinc and iron in the lung tissue. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc