ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TABERNAEMONTANA DIVARICATA (APOCYNACEAE) SECONDARY METABOLITES CAPPED SILVER AND GOLD NANOPARTICLES

Objective: To study the antibacterial activity of Tabernaemontana divaricata (Apocynaceae) secondary metabolites capped silver nanoparticles(SNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs).Methods: In the present investigation, SNPs and AuNPs were synthesized using an aqueous extract of T. divaricata leaves. Leaf aqueous extractwas mixed with 1 mM silver nitrate and chloroauric acid for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles, and the same was analyzed using ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis) spectrophotometer and particle size analyzer. The antibacterial activity of SNPs and AuNPs was determined against various bacterial culturesincluding laboratory isolates using the agar well diffusion method.Results: The results recorded from UV-Vis spectrum supported the biosynthesis and characterization of SNPs and AuNPs. The SNPs when comparedto AuNPs, showed the highest antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Conclusion: The present study envisions on the biosynthesis of SNPs from T. divaricata plant which are emerging as antibacterial therapy in modernmedical applications.Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Gold nanoparticles, Silver nanoparticles, Tabernaemontana divaricata

Original Article Section: Ear, Nose & Throat Adult Tonsillectomy as a Day care Procedure -Our Experience

ABSTRACT Background: Adult Tonsillectomy as a day care procedure is challenging task for any ENT surgeon because of the sole reason of haemorrhage encountered during Tonsillectomy as the surgeon and anesthetist has to compromise at the airway for the surgery to be done under general anesthesia. With proper patient selection, adequate pre-operative care, meticulous surgical dissection, good post-operative care can bring out success in day care procedure. Thus we can reduce the burden to the patients as well as hospital staff in terms of time, man power, hospital resources, money and less period of hospital stay. Methods: In our present study we have performed adult tonsillectomy as a day care procedure for selected 70 patients between the ages of 16 years to 35 years. Patients were selected with the diagnosis of chronic Tonsillitis and obstructive sleep apnea. Tonsillectomy was performed by using Dissection and snare method. Results: In our study of 70 patients, we observed that 2 cases had reactionary hemorrhage due to the presence of clot in the tonsillar fossa, which were managed with the simple treatment. There were no cases of secondary haemorrhage. Conclusion: Thus we conclude the adult tonsillectomy can be performed as a day care procedure with a careful selection of the case, pre and post-operative management as this will be more economical by reducing the cost as well as hospital stay for the patien

Ruminal fermentation kinetics of nine halophytic tree species at different growth stages

10 páginas, 3 tablas.Halophytic plant species have been used for forage from ancient periods due to their nutritional constituents. Additionally, there is little information on the effect of the consumption of halophytic plant species on the emission of fermentation gas by ruminants. This context was aimed to assess the chemical composition, mineral contents, and fermentation gas mitigation properties of nine different halophytic plants species, collected from south-eastern region of Iran. The minerals such as calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) were estimated using atomic absorption spectroscopy, and phosphorus (P) by spectrophotometer. The mineral contents of halophytes were within the usual ranges. The rate of fermentation gas production (GP) among plants was calculated according to the standard protocol in a time-dependent manner (2–96 h) and revealed the characteristics of these halophytes. The GP was reduced for halophytes from vegetative and flowering stages to seed ripening stage. Parameters such as metabolisable energy, organic matter digestibility, and digestible organic matter in dry matter were estimated and observed to be decreased (P < 0.05) among different growth stages of halophytes. The evaluation of chemical constituents, mineral components, and other parameters established the promising role of these halophytic plant species as efficacious forage resources for ruminants. Furthermore, these halophytes may be used as valuable feeding stuffs for ruminants due to the mitigation characteristics of fermentation gas and less use of energy-rich supplements, respectively

The effects of antibiotic, probiotic, organic acid, vitamin C, and Echinacea purpurea extract on performance, carcass characteristics, blood chemistry, microbiota, and immunity of broiler chickens

The present context investigated the comparative study on the supplementation of antibiotic, probiotic, organic acid, vitamin C, and herbal extract after vaccination into drinking water and their effects on performance, carcass quality, blood biochemical parameters, immune system, and intestinal flora in broiler chicks for 42 days. A total of 420 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned into 7 treatments with 3 replicates (pens) per treatment and 20 male chicks for each replicate (pen). The experimental treatments consisted of drinking water (control, without additive); drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet; drinking water + CVet- 50; drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet + C-Vet-50; drinking water + probiotic Primalac; drinking water + butyric acid; and drinking water + extract of Echinacea purpurea Moench (coneflower). There were no differences observed among the treatments for feed intake, but during the whole experimental period, the highest body weight gain was found in the chicks fed with drinking water + antibiotic sulfamet + 50 cc vitamin C (P < 0.05). There were no differences (P > 0.05) observed among the treatments for feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). Moreover, there were no differences reported among treatments for carcass characteristics at the end of the experiment. Among the treatments, drinking water + 50 cc vitamin C, and drinking water + extract of E. purpurea reduced (P < 0.05) the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins. Drinking water + 50 cc vitamin C, drinking water + Primalac, and drinking water + extract of E. purpurea increased (P < 0.05) the lymphocytes count and decreased the heterophils count and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio. The highest Escherichia coli count and lowest Lactobacillus count in ileal content of the broilers were observed in the control group (P < 0.05)

The effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of Microzist as newly developed probiotics on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and immunological organs of broiler chicks

The current research was conducted to evaluate the influence of newly developed probiotic (Microzist) and commercial probiotic (Primalac) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and immunity of broiler chickens. A total of 225 one-day-old broiler chicks Ross-308 was randomly assigned into 5 groups – control group, group with 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 g/kg of Microzist, and group constituting Primalac (starter: 0.9 g/kg, grower: 0.454 g/kg, and finisher: 0.225 g/kg). At 42nd day of age, there were no statistically significant differences among treatments on daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (P > .05), but treatment’s effect on the feed intake was found to be significant (P < .05). Diet supplementation with various concentrations of Microzist showed growth performance of broiler chickens more or less similar to the Primalac additives. There were statistically significant differences (P < .05) among treatments on the carcass characteristics. Microzist (0.2 g/kg) reduced the abdominal fat content in broiler chickens in a comparison with control as well as Primalac (P < .05). Furthermore, Microzist showed no influence on the immunological organ weights. The present investigation indicates that Microzist may be a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters as well as widely used Primalac in broiler industries

The effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of Microzist as newly developed probiotics on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and immunological organs of broiler chicks

The current research was conducted to evaluate the influence of newly developed probiotic (Microzist) and commercial probiotic (Primalac) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and immunity of broiler chickens. A total of 225 one-day-old broiler chicks Ross-308 was randomly assigned into 5 groups – control group, group with 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 g/kg of Microzist, and group constituting Primalac (starter: 0.9 g/kg, grower: 0.454 g/kg, and finisher: 0.225 g/kg). At 42nd day of age, there were no statistically significant differences among treatments on daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (P > .05), but treatment’s effect on the feed intake was found to be significant (P < .05). Diet supplementation with various concentrations of Microzist showed growth performance of broiler chickens more or less similar to the Primalac additives. There were statistically significant differences (P < .05) among treatments on the carcass characteristics. Microzist (0.2 g/kg) reduced the abdominal fat content in broiler chickens in a comparison with control as well as Primalac (P < .05). Furthermore, Microzist showed no influence on the immunological organ weights. The present investigation indicates that Microzist may be a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters as well as widely used Primalac in broiler industries