Experimental investigation on effect of ultrasonication duration on colloidal dispersion and thermophysical properties of alumina-water nanofluid

Two decades have been going on since nanofluid was introduced with the hope that it could enhance the thermal performances of heat transfer applications. Nevertheless, yet, there are no standards for nanofluid preparation process (sonicator type, power, amplitude, duration) to achieve stable and well-dispersed nanofluid. The aim of this research is to analyze the consequence of ultrasonication duration on colloidal dispersion and thermophysical properties of 0.5 vol.% of Al2O3-water nanofluid. A horn ultrasonic dismembrator was used for different periods from Oh to 5 h for nanofluid preparation. Particle size distribution (PSD), zeta potential, and microstructure were studied to check the dispersion characteristics. Thermal conductivity, viscosity, and density of the nanofluid were analyzed for different temperatures from 10 degrees C to 50 degrees C. Better dispersion, higher thermal conductivity and density, and lower viscosity have been observed with the increase of sonication time. Furthermore, thermal conductivity was found to be increased but viscosity and density were decreased with the increase of temperature. The research concluded that higher ultrasonication duration is best and at least 2 h of ultrasonication is needed for better performance of the nanofluid. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Experimental analysis of energy and friction factor for titanium dioxide nanofluid in a water block heat sink

Heat dissipation is a critical issue in modern electronic components, due to the technological advances that have reduced their size and caused their heat flux to rise. Different types of heat sinks are promising for cooling of such electronics and nanofluid can enhance the cooling performances. In this present work, a titanium dioxide (TiO2/water) nanofluid (with a volume fraction of 0.1%) is prepared by dispersing nanoparticles in distilled water. The nanofluid is then passed through the heat sink at various flow rates (1.00, 1.25, and 1.50 L/min). The interface temperature of the water block was reduced up to 6.40 °C by using the nanofluid, as compared to water. Due to the decline of interface temperature the heat transfer coefficient was improved by 20.82% compared to water. The maximum energy efficiency found 77.56% for nanofluid. Therefore, the titanium dioxide nanofluid is a superior coolant than pure water. Moreover, the heat transfer effectiveness and energy effectiveness were found highest at the minimum flow rate of 1.00 L/min

Nuclear Factor 45 (NF45) Is a Regulatory Subunit of Complexes with NF90/110 Involved in Mitotic Control▿ †

Nuclear factor 90 (NF90) and its C-terminally extended isoform, NF110, have been isolated as DNA- and RNA-binding proteins together with the less-studied protein NF45. These complexes have been implicated in gene regulation, but little is known about their cellular roles and whether they are redundant or functionally distinct. We show that heterodimeric core complexes, NF90-NF45 and NF110-NF45, exist within larger complexes that are more labile and contain multiple NF90/110 isoforms and additional proteins. Depletion of the NF45 subunit by RNA interference is accompanied by a dramatic decrease in the levels of NF90 and NF110. Reciprocally, depletion of NF90 but not of NF110 greatly reduces the level of NF45. Coregulation of NF90 and NF45 is a posttranscriptional phenomenon, resulting from protein destabilization in the absence of partners. Depletion of NF90-NF45 complexes retards cell growth by inhibition of DNA synthesis. Giant multinucleated cells containing nuclei attached by constrictions accumulate when either NF45 or NF90, but not NF110, is depleted. This study identified NF45 as an unstable regulatory subunit of NF90-NF45 complexes and uncovered their critical role in normal cell division. Furthermore, the study revealed that NF90 is functionally distinct from NF110 and is more important for cell growth

Progress in Solar Thermal Systems and Their Role in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

The use of solar thermal systems (STSs) has recently reached a significant edge. The increasing research on developing an alternative power supply for limiting fossil fuel usage and climate change are the driving forces of STSs. The current work explores the recent progress in STSs’ applications, including PV/T or “photovoltaic/thermal” systems, zero-energy buildings, greenhouse solar thermal applications, solar thermal for pumping water, solar thermal refrigerators, solar chimneys, water desalination, and solar collectors, along with the benefits and challenges of these applications. Then, the potential contribution of STSs in achieving the various SDGs or “Sustainable development goals”, including barriers and research gaps, are elaborated. In brief, STSs significantly contribute to the seventeen SDGs’ achievement directly and indirectly. Recent developments in the engineering applications of STSs are strongly based on the materials of construction, as well as their design, process optimisation, and integration with multidisciplinary sciences and technologies such as modelling, nanoscience/nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence

Progress in Solar Thermal Systems and Their Role in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

The use of solar thermal systems (STSs) has recently reached a significant edge. The increasing research on developing an alternative power supply for limiting fossil fuel usage and climate change are the driving forces of STSs. The current work explores the recent progress in STSs’ applications, including PV/T or “photovoltaic/thermal” systems, zero-energy buildings, greenhouse solar thermal applications, solar thermal for pumping water, solar thermal refrigerators, solar chimneys, water desalination, and solar collectors, along with the benefits and challenges of these applications. Then, the potential contribution of STSs in achieving the various SDGs or “Sustainable development goals”, including barriers and research gaps, are elaborated. In brief, STSs significantly contribute to the seventeen SDGs’ achievement directly and indirectly. Recent developments in the engineering applications of STSs are strongly based on the materials of construction, as well as their design, process optimisation, and integration with multidisciplinary sciences and technologies such as modelling, nanoscience/nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence

Optimal Parameter Identification of Perovskite Solar Cells Using Modified Bald Eagle Search Optimization Algorithm

In this paper, a modified bald eagle search optimization algorithm was applied for the first time to determine the parameters of the triple diode model (TDM) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Two experimental datasets are considered; the first is measured I–V points for a PSC at standard conditions. The second consists of the measured I–V points for a modified PSC. In contrast, the cost function to be minimized is the root mean square error (RMSE) between the experimental dataset and the calculated one. To prove the superiority of modified bald eagle search optimization (mBES), a comparison with the original bald eagle search optimization (BES), particle swarm optimizer (PSO), Hunger games search (HGS), and recent Coronavirus Disease Optimization Algorithm (COVIDOA) was implemented. Furthermore, statistical analysis of ANOVA and Tukey tests was performed. The results demonstrate the lead of the recommended mBES in identifying the parameters of the TDM for PSCs, where the RMSE achieved the least value among the used optimization algorithms in this study