Carrier Transport in High Mobility InAs Nanowire Junctionless Transistors

Ability to understand and model the performance limits of nanowire transistors is the key to design of next generation devices. Here, we report studies on high-mobility junction-less gate-all-around nanowire field effect transistor with carrier mobility reaching 2000 cm2/V.s at room temperature. Temperature-dependent transport measurements reveal activated transport at low temperatures due to surface donors, while at room temperature the transport shows a diffusive behavior. From the conductivity data, the extracted value of sound velocity in InAs nanowires is found to be an order less than the bulk. This low sound velocity is attributed to the extended crystal defects that ubiquitously appear in these nanowires. Analyzing the temperature-dependent mobility data, we identify the key scattering mechanisms limiting the carrier transport in these nanowires. Finally, using these scattering models, we perform drift-diffusion based transport simulations of a nanowire field-effect transistor and compare the device performances with experimental measurements. Our device modeling provides insight into performance limits of InAs nanowire transistors and can be used as a predictive methodology for nanowire-based integrated circuits.Comment: 22 pages, 5 Figures, Nano Letter

Using single quantum states as spin filters to study spin polarization in ferromagnets

By measuring electron tunneling between a ferromagnet and individual energy levels in an aluminum quantum dot, we show how spin-resolved quantum states can be used as filters to determine spin-dependent tunneling rates. We also observe magnetic-field-dependent shifts in the magnet's electrochemical potential relative to the dot's energy levels. The shifts vary between samples and are generally smaller than expected from the magnet's spin-polarized density of states. We suggest that they are affected by field-dependent charge redistribution at the magnetic interface.Comment: 4 pages, 1 color figur

Wind Turbine Output Estimation using Windographer Software

Wind Resource assessment is the first step in wind power development at pre-investment stage. In this paper, using Windographer software, the capacity factor of the site is esti- mated by considering different wind turbine models. The input used for estimation are time-series wind speed and technical specifications of wind turbine models. In addition to the capacity factor, wind power density is also estimated and it is found that the site is having enough potential for wind power generation

Clinical study of ventilator-associated pneumonia in tertiary care hospital, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India

Background: Ventilator‑associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomial infection acquired by patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, there is very less information or clinical data available on the occurrence of VAP in Kolhapur, Maharashtra.Methods: study aims to determine the Incidence of VAP in ICU, to study the association between causative microorganism and sensitivity, and to study the association between prognosis and incidence of VAP. Settings and Design: Tertiary level, medical‑surgical ICU; prospective, observational study.Results: Patients coming to Medicine Department of the hospital subjected to mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours in critical Care Facility during the period of two years May 2014 to April 2016.Conclusions: In the incidence of VAP was found to be 78% among ICU patients. Majority (36%) patients had diabetes mellitus, 30% had hypertension before the admission. It is observed that chances of developing VAP were more in patients with co-morbid conditions. The microbiological results of Endotracheal Aspirate showed that, majority 36% had pseudomonas, 26% had Acinetobacter, 22% had no growth, 14% staphylococci (Staphylococcus is a gram-positive, round-shaped bacterium that is a member of the Firmicutes, and is frequently found in the nose, respiratory tract, and on the skin), 2% proteus mirabilis as compared to similar studies. Out of all, Pseudomonas is the most commonly isolated organism. This could be attributed to decreased immunity and a compromised general condition due to associated illness. Also, prolonged hospital stay is also of significance

RUELLIA TUBEROSA LINN. ACTS AS ANTI-FERTILITY AGENT THAT REDUCES SPERM COUNT, MOTILITY AND VIABILITY IN MALE SWISS ALBINO MICE (MUS-MUSCULUS)

Objective: Fertility control is an issue of global public health. Many of the contraceptives available today have one or the other side effects. Many plants and plant products are suggested as contraceptives in folk and traditional systems of medicine. However, that are least exploited in this regard. In the present investigation, root powder of Ruellia tuberosa was studied for its effect on male reproduction in mice.Methods: The Swiss albino mice, Mus musculus of age three months were grouped into four, i)control group, fed on standard pellet, ii)experimental groups I and II received root powder of Ruellia tuberosa 50 mg/mouse/days for 15 d and 30 d respectively in the pellets, iii)positive control groups I and II received cotton seed oil 25 µl/mouse/day for 15 and 30 d and iv)recovery group received Ruellia tuberosa (50 mg/mouse/days) containing pellets for 15 d and later standard pellet for 15 d. Cauda epididymis sperm suspension was analyzed for sperm count, motility and viability.Results: There was a highly significant decrease in sperm count, motility and viability (p<0.001) in experimental groups I and II and positive control groups I and II. The sperm count was reduced to 19.24±1.74 million/ml and 15.97±5.61 million/ml as compared to sperm count in control group (55.12±4.63 million/ml) in experimental groups. Partial reversal of the effect was noticed in a recovery group.Conclusion: The results suggest that Ruellia tuberosa can be a potent member of reversible oral male contraceptives

Classification of Rock Images using Textural Analysis

The classification of natural images is an useful task in current computer vision, pattern recognition applications etc. Rock images are a typical example of natural images, therefore their analysis is of major importance in the rock industry and in bedrock investigations. Rock image classification is based on specific textural descriptors which are extracted from the images. Using these descriptors, images are divided into various types. In the case of natural images, the feature distributions are often non-homogeneous and the image classes are also overlapping in the feature space. This can be problematic, if all the descriptors are combined into a single feature vector in the classification of an image. A method is presented for combining different visual descriptors in rock image classification. In this paper, k-nearest neighbor classification will be carried out for pair of descriptor separately. After that, the final decision is made by combining the results of each classification. The total numbers of the neighbors representing each class are used as votes in the final classification. The classification method will be tested using three types of rock. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15039

Environmental Management for Sustainable Growth in an Integrated Iron and Steel Plant

The manufacture of steel involves a large number of processing which lead to complex problems of environme-ntal pollution. Coke making and sintering are two of the major areas in so far as pollution is concerned. Slag constitutes the major portion of solid wastes. Waste generation adversely affects productivity and contributes to the high cost of production. It has been shown that improving the efficiency of operation and fuel saving measures help in reducing pollution in steel plants. Utilization of slag, mill scale, sludge and dusts, safe disposal of hazardous wastes and minimization of emissions of CO, C02, 502, NOx, cyanides, volatile organic compounds (VOC), NH3, suspended particulate matters (SPM) etc, are essential steps towards environmental management