Implementasi Hotspot Server Menggunakan Mikhmon dan Mikrotik pada SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kota Gajah

Abstrak Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan observasi dengan kepala laboratorium komputer di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kota Gajah, terungkap bahwa penggunaan internet di sekolah sering menghadapi kendala, seperti penurunan kecepatan internet bahkan gangguan saat melakukan browsing karena penggunaan internet secara bersamaan. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengimplementasikan sebuah hotspot server dengan menggunakan Mikhmon dan MikroTik di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kota Gajah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC) dengan menggunakan Mikhmon v3 dan perangkat MikroTik Routerboard 941-2nD, serta melakukan remote jaringan menggunakan aplikasi Winbox v3.16. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah perancangan dan implementasi hotspot server dengan MikroTik yang menghasilkan pembagian kecepatan akses untuk jaringan Wi-Fi di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kota Gajah, Lampung Tengah. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengelola bandwidth dengan efisien guna mengoptimalkan penggunaan internet oleh guru, staf, dan siswa sesuai dengan alokasi bandwidth yang telah ditentukan, baik untuk kegiatan unggah maupun unduh. Peneliti juga memberikan saran kepada peneliti dan pengembang selanjutnya untuk mempertimbangkan peningkatan kapasitas bandwidth sesuai dengan pertumbuhan jumlah siswa serta melakukan upgrade perangkat jaringan untuk memastikan layanan internet tetap berkualitas di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Kota Gajah, Lampung Tengah, yang terus berkembang

Usability of monthly ERFS (Extended Range Forecast System) to predict maize yield using DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer) model over Erode District of Tamil Nadu

Extended Range of Forecast Service (ERFS) is highly useful for planning of cropping season and midterm correction at the farm level. The medium-range and long-range forecast validation have many studies, whereas ERF has less that needs to be studied. Maize is an important field crop in India after rice and wheat.  Therefore, the prediction of maize yield has significant importance. In the present study, ERFS data were validated by correlation analysis using monthly observed rainfall frequency and intensity. This data was imported to DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer) to simulate maize yield of Erode district of Tamil Nadu. The model output and actual yield data from Erode were compared. Forecasted monthly total rainfall was correlated at a rate of 0.97r value with that observed. Yield simulation of maize was done using DSSAT by integrating ERFS data and the observed monthly data. Mean per cent deviation among the yields of observed weather and the disaggregated one tended to be -15.7 %. The average deviation between the yields of ERF forecasted weather data and actual yield was very high ( -29.7 % ) for Erode. Mean % deviation between the yields of observed weather and the actual yield was -14.7 %. Downscaled and accurate weather forecasts could be facilitated for yield prediction of crops by DSSAT model. Yield prediction by the model under observed weather was convenient and usable. Model under-predicted the yields when using ERF data. Both model and ERF forecast need to be improved further for higher resolution

Formulation and Evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Film of Perindopril by Using Natural Polymers

INTRODUCTION:Fast Drug Delivery Systems are rapidly gaining interest in the pharmaceutical industry. These systems either dissolve or disintegrate generally within a minute without needing water or chewing. These systems offer superior clinical profiles with potentional oro mucosal absorption thus increasing the drug bioavailability with respect to oral administration. Recently thin films have been proposed which rapidly dissolves or disintegrates into buccal cavity. Mouth dissolving films are novel dosage forms that disintegrate or dissolve in the oral cavity. These are ultra thin postage stamp size with an active agent or pharmaceutical excipients. These dosage forms are placed on the tongue or any mucosal tissue. When wet with saliva, the films rapidly hydrates and adheres on to the site of application. It rapidly dissolves or disintegrates to release the medicine for mucosal absorption or with modification, allows for oral GIT absorption with quick dissolving properties.DRUG-EXCIPIENTCOMPATIBILITY STUDIES:Before formulation of a drug substance into a dosage form, it is essential that it should be chemically and physically compatibility. Compatibility studies give the information needed to define the nature of the drug substance and provide a frame work for the drug combination with pharmaceutical excipients in the fabrication of a dosage form. One of the requirements for the selection of suitable excipients or carrier for pharmaceutical formulation is its compatibility. Therefore in the present work, a study was carried out by using infrared spectrophotometer to find out if there is any possible chemical interaction between perindopril and excipients. Weighed 3 mg of drug was mixed with 100 mg of potassium bromide (dried at 40-50˚c). The mixture was taken and compressed under 10-ton pressure in hydraulic press to form a transparent pellet. The pellet was scanned from 4000- 400cm-1 in IR spectrophotometer.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:Perindopril is a hypertension drug. Hypertension is one of the primary risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, including cardiovascular stroke. The absolute bioavailability of perindopril is approximately 60-75%. Following absorption, perindopril is hydrolyzed to Perindoprilat, which has an average bioavailability of 20%. However, food decreases the extent of biotransformation to Perindoprilat and reduces its bioavailability by 35%.To overcome the above mentioned problems an attempt was made to develop and to improve the solubility of drug and reduce side effects, it was attempted to develop fast dissolving films with some natural polymer. FTIR spectroscopic studies were carried out in order to establish compatibility between drug and carriers. The results were concluded that there were no chemical interactions between drug and the carriers used, so they could be used for the formulation of perindopril fast dissolving films. DSC studies were carried out for optimized formulation a sharp exothermic peak observed at 127°C corresponding to its melting point of the drug. (126°C -128°C). The results were concluded that there were no chemical interactions between drug and the carriers used. Around fifteen formulations of perindopril were developed as fast dissolving films using various excipients which were found to be compatible using FTIR of films. Formulation F1-F15 was perindopril fast dissolving films prepared using three different polymers such as sodium alginate, Xanthan gum and pectin. Perindopril films were evaluated for quality control tests such as thickness, weight variation, folding endurance, SEM, surface pH, disintegration time, in-vitro diffusion, drug content, kinetic studies and stability study.The thickness of all formulations complies with the limit. Weight variation of F15 alone does not complies with the standard. The folding endurance of all formulation with in the limit 100-150 except F1,F2,F6,F7,F11 and F12 fail to complies with the limit as per standard value. Scanning electron micrograph of the optimized formulation F13 are shown at a magnification ratio of X5000 at 20kv. The surface morphology of the prepared nanoparticles was shown .The surface pH of all formulations complies with the limit. The disintegration time of all the formulations except F5, F10 and F15 fails to be within the limit. The drug content of all the formulations was found be within the limit. The in-vitro drug study of F13 was found to give the highest % diffusion than other formulation. From the in-vitro diffusion studies of fast dissolving films, it was observed that F13 showed more % diffusion at 16 minutes. The In vitro data was fit to kinetic models to explain permeation profiles. The coefficient of correlation of each of the kinetics was calculated and compared. From the Regression coefficient value it was concluded that it follows first order kinetics. The data was further treated as per Higuchi’s equation indicated that the drug released by diffusion predominated with the formulation and Korsemeyer peppas model exponent value n describes n (value 0.45-0.85) shows non Fickian iffusion. Optimized formulation F13 were found to be stable at accelerated stability conditions.CONCLUSION:Perindopril fast dissolving films have been successfully prepared by solvent casting method. Perindopril is a anti hypertension drug was selected for the preparation of fast dissolving films. Xanthan gum, sodium alginate and pectin were used as polymers for the preparation of perindopril mouth dissolving films. Perindopril films were prepared by solvent casting method using Xanthan gum, sodium alginate, pectin at 100,150,200,250,300 mg respectively. Based on this physiochemical characterization in vitro drug diffusion and drug release kinetics of perindopril showed 93.5% of drug at the end of 16th mins. The evaluation test for films of perindopril suggest that it is promising to be developed as fast dissolving films with above mentioned excipients which can enhance the diffusion, thereby the release and hence the bioavailability may be effected and may have impact on its bioavailability

Ice nucleation active bacteria and its mitigation on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Microbes play a vital role in ice nucleation, supporting bio-precipitation, and allowing plants to live in low-water environments. A field experiment was conducted during December 2018 with two phyllosphere microorganisms’ spraying viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFM) and under three moisture regimes (0.6, 0.8, 1.0 IW/CPE (irrigation water/ cumulative pan evaporation) ratio) on tomato (PKM 1) in Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu). A laboratory experiment was conducted to confirm ice nucleation using two phyllosphere microorganisms’ P. aeruginosa and PPFM. The bioprecipitation impacts on tomatoes were assessed using a set of physiological parameters such as photosynthetic rate, average chlorophyll Index and the ice nucleation activity (INA) assessed using tube nucleation test and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the mean photosynthetic rate of PPFM sprayed tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) (PKM 1) plants (40.7 μmol CO2/m2/s) at 10 DAS was significantly higher than P. aeruginosa sprayed plant (38.7 μmol CO2/m2/s) under different irrigation regimes. The average chlorophyll Index value of the P. aeruginosa sprayed tomato plants (58.1) was higher than PPFM sprayed plants (56.4). The tube nucleation tests were proved that ice crystallization induced by P. aeruginosa in super-cooled buffer at - 2 to -10°C while PPFM not catalyze the buffer even after 3hours. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicated the P. aeruginosa growth at the upper surface of the leaf and PPFM growth more at the lower surface of the leaf compared to without inoculation of microbes on leaves. Overall, the result revealed that P. aeruginosa may assist in ice nucleation activity that will help to make artificial rain in the near future

PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN HOTEL BUMI ASIH DENPASAR

Kinerja karyawan dalam mengatasi setiap wisatawan yang menginap di Hotel Bumi Asih merupakan hal yang penting guna mempertahankan loyalitas pelanggan dan persaingan dengan kompetitornya. Namun kinerja karyawan di Hotel Bumi Asih Denpasar mengalami fluktuasi di tahun 2015. Kinerja karyawan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja adalah diantaranya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi kepemimpinan, kondisi lingkungan kerja dan seberapa tinggi kinerja menurut persepsi karyawan Hotel Bumi Asih Denpasar, dan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan Hotel Bumi Asih Denpasar Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif deskriptif dan konklusif (kausal), dengan data cross section. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan tetap Hotel Bumi Asih Denpasar yang berjumlah 45 orang. Jenis dari nonprobability sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Sampling jenuh sedangkan teknik analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah kepemimpinan (X1) dan lingkungan kerja (X2) dan kinerja (Y) sebagai variabel terikat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kepemimpinan di Hotel Bumi Asih Denpasar masuk ke dalam kategori cukup tinggi, Kondisi lingkungan kerja di Hotel Bumi Asih Denpasar sudah baik di mana suasana dan keamanan kerja karyawan sudah kondusif dan Kinerja karyawan Hotel Bumi Asih Denpasar sudah tinggi. Selain itu, pengaruh kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan Hotel Bumi Asih Denpasar menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang positif dan signifikan sebesar 77.8%. Secara parsial kepemimpinan memiliki pengaruh sebesar 38.44% terhadap kinerja karyawan dan lingkungan kerja mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan Hotel Bumi Asih Denpasar sebesar 20.25% Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja secara simultan memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan Hotel Bumi Asih Denpasar. Kepemimpinan dan lingkungan kerja secara parsial memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan Hotel Bumi Asih Denpasar. Saran yang dapat diberikan dalam penelitian ini adalah perlunya memaksimalkan faktor kepemimpinan, karena kepemimpinan memiliki pengaruh yang paling besar dibandingkan lingkungan kerja. Kata kunci : kepemimpinan, lingkungan kerja, kinerja karyawa

Differential modes of orphan subunit recognition for the WRB/CAML complex

A large proportion of membrane proteins must be assembled into oligomeric complexes for function. How this process occurs is poorly understood, but it is clear that complex assembly must be tightly regulated to avoid accumulation of orphan subunits with potential cytotoxic effects. We interrogated assembly in mammalian cells by using the WRB/CAML complex, an essential insertase for tail-anchored proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), as a model system. Our data suggest that the stability of each subunit is differentially regulated. In WRB’s absence, CAML folds incorrectly, causing aberrant exposure of a hydrophobic transmembrane domain to the ER lumen. When present, WRB can correct the topology of CAML both in vitro and in cells. In contrast, WRB can independently fold correctly but is still degraded in the absence of CAML. We therefore propose that there are at least two distinct regulatory pathways for the surveillance of orphan subunits in the mammalian ER

Growth and yield response of winter blackgram (Vigna mungo) under high temperature and elevated CO2 conditions

Blackgram is the most important legume crop grown throughout India. It is mostly cultivated during the rainy and winter seasons in central and southern India. An investigation was carried out during winter 2021 to evaluate the effect of High Day Temperature (ambient+3oC) and Elevated CO2 (600ppm) (HDT and eCO2) and High Day and Night Temperature (ambient+3oC) and Elevated CO2 (600ppm) (HDNT and eCO2) on growth and yield of blackgram (Vigna mungo) under soil plant atmospheric research (SPAR) and ambient conditions with eleven treatments (T1 to T11). The results revealed that significant (P=0.05) increase in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, number of pods per plant and grain yield by 22.3%, 80.6%, 29.2%, 28% and 41.3%, respectively, under HDT and eCO2 conditions from 46 to 60 DAS (days after sowing) in comparison with HDNT and eCO2 and ambient conditions. The increase in chlorophyll index under HDT and eCO2 during 16 to 30 DAS by 12.9%. The significant increase in the number of flowers per plant and biomass of the blackgram was increased under HDT and eCO2 during 31 to 45 DAS by 7% and 38.1%, respectively. However, the plant height and leaf area index of the blackgram were found to have significantly increased under HDT and eCO2 during the early stage (1 to 15 DAS) by 29.3% and 44.5%, respectively. This experiment indicated a significant increase in crop growth, leaf photosynthesis and yield of blackgram under HDT and eCO2 at flowering stage to pod development stage (31 to 60 DAS) followed by HDNT and eCO2 and ambient condition. The overall findings of the study showed that increased temperature and CO2 levels would result in greater biomass production and increased yield for the black gram.

Is There Light at the Ends of the Tunnel? Wireless Sensor Networks for Adaptive Lighting in Road Tunnels

Existing deployments of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are often conceived as stand-alone monitoring tools. In this paper, we report instead on a deployment where the WSN is a key component of a closed-loop control system for adaptive lighting in operational road tunnels. WSN nodes along the tunnel walls report light readings to a control station, which closes the loop by setting the intensity of lamps to match a legislated curve. The ability to match dynamically the lighting levels to the actual environmental conditions improves the tunnel safety and reduces its power consumption. The use of WSNs in a closed-loop system, combined with the real-world, harsh setting of operational road tunnels, induces tighter requirements on the quality and timeliness of sensed data, as well as on the reliability and lifetime of the network. In this work, we test to what extent mainstream WSN technology meets these challenges, using a dedicated design that however relies on wellestablished techniques. The paper describes the hw/sw architecture we devised by focusing on the WSN component, and analyzes its performance through experiments in a real, operational tunnel