Anti-bacterial activity of inorganic nanomaterials and their antimicrobial peptide conjugates against resistant and non-resistant pathogens

This review details the antimicrobial applications of inorganic nanomaterials of mostly metallic form, and the augmentation of activity by surface conjugation of peptide ligands. The review is subdivided into three main sections, of which the first describes the antimicrobial activity of inorganic nanomaterials against gram-positive, gram-negative and multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. The second section highlights the range of antimicrobial peptides and the drug resistance strategies employed by bacterial species to counter lethality. The final part discusses the role of antimicrobial peptide-decorated inorganic nanomaterials in the fight against bacterial strains that show resistance. General strategies for the preparation of antimicrobial peptides and their conjugation to nanomaterials are discussed, emphasizing the use of elemental and metallic oxide nanomaterials. Importantly, the permeation of antimicrobial peptides through the bacterial membrane is shown to aid the delivery of nanomaterials into bacterial cells. By judicious use of targeting ligands, the nanomaterial becomes able to differentiate between bacterial and mammalian cells and, thus, reduce side effects. Moreover, peptide conjugation to the surface of a nanomaterial will alter surface chemistry in ways that lead to reduction in toxicity and improvements in biocompatibility

Determination of correlation between principal genotypes of helicobacter pylori according to cagpai components and vaca genotypes and clinical out come in patients suffering from active chronic gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma from iran and turkey

Objective(s): Helicobacter pylori are gastric infectious agents that colonizes majority of the world's population. Genetic diversity among the virulence factors of bacterium like cytotoxin associated gene Pathogenicity Island (cagPAI) and vacuolating cytotoxinA (vacA) could have a modifying result on the pathogenic potential of the infecting strain. This study aimed to analyse which genes can be recommended as doubtless related virulence factors for H. pylori associated active chronic gastritis and stomach adenocarcinoma in Iranian and Turkish population. Material and methods: We tend to targeted on some cag PAI components and vacA gene subtypes based on correlations shown in some previous studies. So as to realize our goal, formalin fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) tissues obtained from Iranian and Turkish patients. The prevalence of the cagPAI and vacA genotypes were studied in H. pylori positive samples by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique and specific primers. Results: From all of 320 patients, H. pylori were detected in 28.43% of patients. We tend to found that vacAs1, vacAm2 and cagA genes with mean prevalence of 82.41%, 71.42% and 69.23% were dominant in both of Iranian and Turkish patients. Conclusion: Finally in Turkish and Iranian population the genes that were studied, was homogeneous and there's no important variations in bacterial genetic and with the exception of H. pylori infection different factors like host genetic and nourishment play a crucial role within the formation of gastric cancer. However it's attainable that if statistical population will increase, the cagA gene association with cancer are going to be meaningful. © 2017, Scientific Publishers of India. All rights reserved.Tabriz University of Medical SciencesThe authors are very grateful to Mohammadreza Abdollahi and all stuffs of Liver and gastrointestinal diseases research center, Tabriz University of medical sciences and Cukurova University, Balcali Hospital, Department of Pathology for their help and support during this study