Effect of excessive cholesterol and lipopolysaccharide on cerebellar neuronal cells in <i>in vitro</i> and protective role of anti-inflammatory drugs

320-326The present work was carried out to elucidate the role of NSAIDs, PPARg agonist and HMG CoA inhibitor on cholesterol and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced neurodegeneration. The cerebellar neuronal cells were exposed to cholesterol (10 and 50 µg/ml), LPS (1 ng/ml) or both. Neuroprotective effect of ibuprofen, rofecoxib, simvastatin and pioglitazone was assessed by measuring the neuronal loss, MTT dye assay, nitric oxide, LDH and lipid peroxide measurement. The results indicated that incubation of cholesterol and LPS showed less synaptic connections, neurite outgrowth and cell shrinkage as compared to normal cerebellar cells. Significantly decreased survival cells count along with increased LDH, lipid peroxide and nitrite levels were observed in the cells that confirmed neurodegeneration with cholesterol and LPS challenge. In comparison to individual toxins (LPS or cholesterol), combination of LPS and cholesterol produced more deleterious effect indicated synergistic effect of toxins. Interestingly, in comparison to LPS, cholesterol produced significantly low level of nitrites, LDH and lipid peroxides which indicated excessive cholesterol might not influence radical generation directly and might be a secondary effect. Among the drugs studied, NSAIDs showed better effect indicated inflammatory mediator response played vital role in cholesterol and LPS induced neurodegeneration. Simvastatin demonstrated moderate neuroprotective effect. It could be concluded that excessive cholesterol might produce cell death and led to release of nitrites and other cytokines. NSAIDs had better neuroprotective activity than simvastatin that produced moderate effect

Molecular identification and susceptibility pattern of clinical Nocardia species: emergence of Nocardia crassostreae as an agent of invasive nocardiosis.

Contains fulltext : 125670.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Vertebral Artery Dissecting Aneurysm Treated by Proximal Occlusion and Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Reconstruction With Fenestrated Clips -Case Report-

A 57-year-old man presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a dissecting aneurysm of the vertebral artery close to the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). The aneurysm was treated successfully with two fenestrated clips preserving the efferent artery with anterograde blood flow without PICA anastomosis. The postoperative course was uneventful. Postoperative angiography indicated disappearance of the aneurysm and anterograde blood flow of the PICA.ArticleNEUROLOGIA MEDICO-CHIRURGICA. 50(8):655-658 (2010)journal articl

Post-stripper study for the (20Ne,20^{20}Ne, ^{20}O) double charge exchange reaction at zero degrees with the MAGNEX spectrometer

International audienceA study of different post-stripper materials for the (20Ne, 20O) double charge exchange and (20Ne, 20F) single charge exchange reactions at zero degrees using the MAGNEX spectrometer at 22 and 15 AMeV is presented. All these experiments belongs to the experimental campaign planned in the NUMEN project (NUclear Matrix Elements for Neutrinoless double beta decay)

Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Bearing a pH-Responsive NHC Ligand: A Feasible Approach to Catalyst Separation from RCM Products

Two novel ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts, H2ITap(PCy3)Cl2RuCH–Ph 12 and H2ITapCl2RuCH–(C6H4–O–iPr) 13 (H2ITap = 1,3-bis(2′,6′-dimethyl-4′-dimethylaminophenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene), were synthesized bearing a pH-responsive NHC ligand with two aromatic NMe2 groups. The crystal structures of complexes 12 and 13 were determined via X-ray crystallography. Both catalysts perform ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cyclooctene (COE) at faster rates than their commercially available counterparts H2IMes(PCy3)Cl2RuCH–Ph 2 and H2IMesCl2RuCH–(C6H4–O–iPr) 3 (H2IMes = 1,3-bis(2′,4′,6′-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene) and perform at similar rates during ring closing metathesis (RCM) of diethyldiallylmalonate (DEDAM). Upon addition of 2 equiv. of HCl, catalyst 12 is converted into a mixture of several mono and diprotonated Ru-carbene species 12′ which are soluble in methanol but degrade within a few hours at room temperature. Catalyst 13 can be protonated with 2 equiv. of HCl and the resulting complex 13′ is moderately water-soluble. The complex is stable in aqueous solution in air for \u3e4 h, but over prolonged periods of time shows degradation in acidic media due to hydrolysis of the NHC–Ru bond. Catalysts 12 and 13 perform RCM of diallylmalonic acid in acidic protic media with only moderate activity at 50 °C and do not produce polymer in the ROMP of cationic 7-oxanorbornene derivative 14 under the same conditions. Catalyst 13 was used for Ru-seperation studies when RCM of DEDAM or 3,3-diallypentadione (DAP) was conducted in low-polar organic solution and the Ru-species was subsequently precipitated by addition of strong acid. The Ru-species were removed by (1) filtration and (2) filtration and subsequent extraction with water. The residual Ru-levels could be reduced to as far as 11 ppm (method 2) and 24 ppm (method 1) without the use of chromatography or other scavenging methods