Effect of hot water treatments on physiological and biochemical changes in mango cv. Banganapalli during storage at ambient temperature

Mango fruits majorly suffers from anthracnose and fruit fly infestations during storage, transportation and marketing. Hot water treatments (HWTs) at specific levels have shown to control the incidence of these important threats. Application of HWT not only act as a quarantine measure, but also maintains the quality and enhance the marketability of fruits, even at room temperature (RT), leading to its vast applicability in local / international markets. In this study, post harvest application of HWTs (48°C for 60 min and 55°C for 10 min) in mango cv. Banganapalli recorded reduced ethylene production rate, physiological loss in weight, improved sugar content, ascorbic acid, total carotenoids, phenolics and antioxidants compared to control. Combination of HWTs (48°C for 60 min followed by 55°C for 10 min) resulted in degradation of some quality parameters compared to individual HWT and control

Inference of Consumer Consideration Sets

When consumers face a large number of alternatives, they tend to simplify the decision problem by reducing the number of available alternatives to a subset of relevant alternatives, i.e. a consideration set. Since consideration sets are typically unobserved, most studies in the demand literature have to assume a consideration model. If these consideration models are misspecified, the demand estimates can be biased. In this paper, we develop an approach to formally test any two competing models of consideration against one another in order to determine which model fits the data best. Our test follows the intuition of a menu approach and uses supplemental data on marginal cost-shifters to construct overidentifying restrictions. We show an application to German retailing of coffee and milk. We find that consideration sets are fundamentally different for coffee and milk, and relate our findings to differences in demand and supply conditions of the two product categories

Radiation hardness of MALTA2 monolithic CMOS imaging sensors on Czochralski substrates

MALTA2 is the latest full-scale prototype of the MALTA family of Depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (DMAPS) produced in Tower Semiconductor 180 nm CMOS sensor imaging technology. In order to comply with the requirements of high energy physics (HEP) experiments, various process modifications and front-end changes have been implemented to achieve low power consumption, reduce random telegraph signal (RTS) noise, and optimise the charge collection geometry. Compared to its predecessors, MALTA2 targets the use of a high-resistivity, thick Czochralski (Cz) substrates in order to demonstrate radiation hardness in terms of detection efficiency and timing resolution up to 3 × 1015 1 MeV neq/cm2 with backside metallisation to achieve good propagation of the bias voltage. This manuscript shows the results that were obtained with non-irradiated and irradiated MALTA2 samples on Cz substrates from the CERN SPS test beam campaign from 2021 to 2023 using the MALTA telescope

Previously undescribed fridooleanenes and oxygenated labdanes from the brown seaweed Sargassum wightii and their protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B inhibitory activity

Previously undescribed fridooleanene triterpenoids 2a-hydroxy-(28,29)-frido-olean-12(13), 21(22)-dien- 20-propyl-21-hex-40(Z)-enoate, 2a-hydroxy-(28,29)-frido-olean-12(13), 21(22)-dien-20-prop-2(E)-en- 21-butanoate and oxygenated labdane diterpenoids 2a-hydroxy-8(17), (12E), 14-labdatriene, 3b, 6b, 13atri hydroxy 8(17), 12E, 14-labdatriene were purified from the ethyl acetate-methanol and dichloromethane fractions of the air-dried thalli of Sargassum wightii (Sargassaceae), a brown seaweed collected from the Gulf-of-Mannar of Penninsular India. Inhibitory potential of D12 oleanenes towards protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B, the critical regulator of insulin-receptor activity were found to be significantly greater (IC50 0.1 � 10�2 and 0.09 � 10�2 mg/mL, respectively) than the standard sodium metavanadate (IC50 0.31 � 10�2 mg/mL). Fridooleanene triterpenoids displayed greater antioxidant activities (IC50DPPH 0.16e0.18 mg/mL) than the commercially available antioxidants, butylated hydroxytoluene and atocopherol (IC50DPPH 0.25 and 0.63 mg/mL, respectively). In general, the oxygenated labdane diterpenoids displayed significantly lesser antioxidant and tyrosine phosphatase-1B inhibitory properties than those exhibited by the fridooleanenes. Bioactivities of the titled compounds were primarily determined by the electronic and lipophilic parameters and not by the steric descriptors. Molecular docking simulations and kinetic studies were employed to describe the tyrosine phosphatase-1B inhibitory mechanism. The previously undescribed fridooleanene triterpenoids might be used as potential anti-hyperglycaemic pharmacophore leads to reduce the risk of elevated postprandial glucose levels

Marine-derived polygalactofucan and its β-2-deoxy-aminosubstituted glucopyranan composite attenuate 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA reductase: prospective natural anti-dyslipidemic leads

Adverse side effects reported for the use of statin drugs provided insights to develop potential anti-dyslipidemic derivatives from natural origin. The objective of the work was to develop the marine-derived polysaccharides attenuating 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), and as prospective natural anti-dyslipidemic leads. Physical and chromatographic purification methods were used to isolate the polygalactofucan from the marine macroalga Sargassum wightii and β-(2- deoxy)-amino-substituted glucopyrananan from a marine crustacean. Glycosidic linkage analysis by the process of methylation was used for structural elucidation of the polygalactofucan, and the methylated and partially methylated alditol acetates were characterized using extensive spectroscopic experiments. The polysaccharide composite constituting the titled polysaccharide motifs showed significant HMGCR inhibitory potential (IC90 0.12 mg mL−1) and an increase in HMG-CoA/ mevalonate ratio (1.68 mg dL−1) compared with the high-fat diet (HFD)-treated animals (1.04 mg dL−1), which recognized its hypo-lipidemic efficacy. In vivo results demonstrated about 70% reduction in the triglyceride levels with the concomitant increase (~39%) of hepatic lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in the HFD-fed Wistar rats treated with 500 mg kg−1 body weight. The results illustrated the use of marine-derived polygalactofucan composite as potential anti-dyslipidemic agent

Previously undescribed antioxidative O-heterocyclic angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors from the intertidal seaweed Sargassum wightii as potential antihypertensives

Four previously undescribed antioxidative O-heterocyclic analogues, characterized as 3″-isopropyl-3c-{3b-[(2- oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl) methyl] butyl}-2″-butenyl-3′-hydroxy-2′-(2′b-methoxy-2′-oxoethyl)-3′, 4′- dihydro-2H-pyran-4′-carboxylate (1), 2c-methylbutyl-6-[6c-(benzoyloxy)propyl]-6-methyl-tetrahydro-2Hpyran- 2-carboxylate (2), 6-{6b-[3′-(5′a-methyl propyl)-3′, 4′-dihydro-2H-pyran-6′-yl] ethyl}-tetrahydro-2Hpyran- 2-one (3) and 7-(7c-methylpentyl)-hexahydro-2H-chromen-2-one (4) were isolated from the ethylacetate: methanol fraction of the brown seaweed Sargassum wightii. Nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopic experiments unambiguously attributed their structural identities. Antihypertensive activities of the studied compounds were determined in terms of their angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory potential. The 2H-pyranylcarboxylate derivative (1) displayed comparable activity (IC50 0.08 mg/mL) with standard antihypertensive agent captopril (IC50 0.07 mg/mL). The O-heterocyclic derivatives bearing 2H-pyran-4′-carboxylate (1) and 2H-pyran-2-carboxylate (2) frameworks showed significantly greater (p < 0.05) 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picryl-hydrazil radical quenching potential {IC50 (1) 0.34 and IC50 (2) 0.45 mg/mL} compared to the standard antioxidant α-tocopherol (IC50 0.63 mg/mL). Structure-activity relationship analyses demonstrated that the electronic and lipophilic descriptors might significantly contribute towards the target bioactivities of 2H-pyranylcarboxylates (1 and 2). Molecular docking simulations were carried out for ACE inhibition, and the binding energy obtained for the compounds (~7.04–8.48 kcal/mol) demonstrated their potential enzyme-ligand interactions. The potential of hitherto undescribed O-heterocyclic derivatives as natural antioxidant and antihypertensive functional food supplements and their utilization as therapeutic leads in the antihypertensive management were described in the present study

Unprecedented antioxidative and anti-inflammatory aryl polyketides from the brown seaweed Sargassum wightii

Previously undescribed aryl polyketide lactones, 4-(8-ethyl-tetrahydro-7-oxo-2H-pyran-5-yl)-propyl-4′-methylbenzoate (compound 1) and methyl-2-(12-oxo-7-phenyl-8-vinyl-1-oxa-4,9-cyclododecadien-3-yl)-acetate (compound 2) were purified from ethyl acetate-methanol fraction of the brown seaweed Sargassum wightii. The structures were proposed based on their NMR and mass spectrometric data. The antioxidative activities of the lactones were significantly greater (P < 0.05) (IC50 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging 0.24–0.32 mg/mL) than α-tocopherol (IC50 0.63 mg/mL). The title compounds displayed considerably greater 5- lipoxygenase inhibitory activity (IC50 0.56 and 0.29 mg/mL, respectively) in conjunction with higher selectivity indices (anti-cycloxygense-1IC50/anti-cycloxygense-2IC50> 1) compared to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SIaspirin 0.03, SIibuprofen 0.43). Putative biosynthetic pathway of title polyketide products through polyketide synthase enzyme cascade catalyzed reactions substantiated the structural attributions of the hitherto unreported aryl polyketides. This is the first report of the occurrence and characterization of two rare skeletal types, oxo-2H-pyranyl and oxa-cyclododecadienyl macrolactone featuring the aryl substituent from marine organisms with potential antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities

Not Available

Not AvailablePreviously undescribed fridooleanene triterpenoids 2a-hydroxy-(28,29)-frido-olean-12(13), 21(22)-dien- 20-propyl-21-hex-40(Z)-enoate, 2a-hydroxy-(28,29)-frido-olean-12(13), 21(22)-dien-20-prop-2(E)-en- 21-butanoate and oxygenated labdane diterpenoids 2a-hydroxy-8(17), (12E), 14-labdatriene, 3b, 6b, 13atri hydroxy 8(17), 12E, 14-labdatriene were purified from the ethyl acetate-methanol and dichloromethane fractions of the air-dried thalli of Sargassum wightii (Sargassaceae), a brown seaweed collected from the Gulf-of-Mannar of Penninsular India. Inhibitory potential of D12 oleanenes towards protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B, the critical regulator of insulin-receptor activity were found to be significantly greater (IC50 0.1 � 10�2 and 0.09 � 10�2 mg/mL, respectively) than the standard sodium metavanadate (IC50 0.31 � 10�2 mg/mL). Fridooleanene triterpenoids displayed greater antioxidant activities (IC50DPPH 0.16e0.18 mg/mL) than the commercially available antioxidants, butylated hydroxytoluene and atocopherol (IC50DPPH 0.25 and 0.63 mg/mL, respectively). In general, the oxygenated labdane diterpenoids displayed significantly lesser antioxidant and tyrosine phosphatase-1B inhibitory properties than those exhibited by the fridooleanenes. Bioactivities of the titled compounds were primarily determined by the electronic and lipophilic parameters and not by the steric descriptors. Molecular docking simulations and kinetic studies were employed to describe the tyrosine phosphatase-1B inhibitory mechanism. The previously undescribed fridooleanene triterpenoids might be used as potential anti-hyperglycaemic pharmacophore leads to reduce the risk of elevated postprandial glucose levels.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailablePreviously undescribed aryl polyketide lactones, 4-(8-ethyl-tetrahydro-7-oxo-2H-pyran-5-yl)-propyl-4′-methylbenzoate (compound 1) and methyl-2-(12-oxo-7-phenyl-8-vinyl-1-oxa-4,9-cyclododecadien-3-yl)-acetate (compound 2) were purified from ethyl acetate-methanol fraction of the brown seaweed Sargassum wightii. The structures were proposed based on their NMR and mass spectrometric data. The antioxidative activities of the lactones were significantly greater (P < 0.05) (IC50 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging 0.24–0.32 mg/mL) than α-tocopherol (IC50 0.63 mg/mL). The title compounds displayed considerably greater 5- lipoxygenase inhibitory activity (IC50 0.56 and 0.29 mg/mL, respectively) in conjunction with higher selectivity indices (anti-cycloxygense-1IC50/anti-cycloxygense-2IC50> 1) compared to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SIaspirin 0.03, SIibuprofen 0.43). Putative biosynthetic pathway of title polyketide products through polyketide synthase enzyme cascade catalyzed reactions substantiated the structural attributions of the hitherto unreported aryl polyketides. This is the first report of the occurrence and characterization of two rare skeletal types, oxo-2H-pyranyl and oxa-cyclododecadienyl macrolactone featuring the aryl substituent from marine organisms with potential antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.Not Availabl

Pharmacological potential of sulfated polygalactopyranosyl-fucopyranan from the brown seaweed Sargassum wightii

A sulfated polygalactopyranosyl-fucopyranan characterized as ∙∙∙∙→1)-α-Fucp-(2SO3 −)-(3→1)-α-Fucp-(2SO3 −)-(4→1)-β- Galp-(4→1)-β-Galp-(4→∙∙∙∙ was isolated from the brown seaweed Sargassum wightii and evaluated for pharmacological properties with reference to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive activities using different in vitro models. The sulfated polygalactopyranosyl-fucopyranan displayed potential di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) iminoazanium (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+) radical scavenging, and Fe2+ ion chelating activities (IC90 ~ 1 mg mL−1). The studied polysaccharide displayed higher anti-inflammatory selectivity towards inducive proinflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2, IC90 1.13 mg mL−1) than constitutive cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1, IC90 > 1.20 mg mL−1) resulting in greater selectivity index (IC90 COX-2/COX-1, 0.93) than synthetic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug aspirin (0.88) and also showed potent lipoxygenase-5 inhibition (LOX-5, IC90 1.02 mg mL−1). The studied polysaccharide displayed significantly higher (P < 0.05) antidiabetic properties compared to the antidiabetic agents acarbose and diprotein-A in terms of α-amylase (IC90 0.93 mg mL−1), α-glucosidase (IC90 1.48 mg mL−1), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (IC90 0.11 mg mL−1) enzyme inhibition potentials. The sulfated polygalactopyranosyl-fucopyranan also displayed potential antihypertensive activity with reference to angiotensin-converting enzyme-I inhibitory activity (IC90 0.2 mg mL−1). Extensive spectroscopic experiments in conjugation with monosaccharide compositional analysis attributed (1→3)-linked α-fucopyranose units in the polygalactofucan chain with C-2 sulfation and C-4 substituents as O-acetyl/O-methyl/(1→4)-linked β-galactopyranose. The previously undescribed sulfated polygalactopyranosyl-fucopyranan could function as a potential pharmacophore lead against inflammation, type 2 diabetics, hypertension and utilization as natural antioxidant