Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on Afp Binding to Afp Antibody in Colorectal Tumor Homogenates

Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters associated with the binding of 125I- anti AFP Antibody to AFP in both crude colorectal homogenate and partially- purified fractions were investigated. It was shown that the reaction in all studied groups follow pseudo- first order reaction kinetics.The value of kinetic parameters Ka, Kd, Kobs, K+1, K-1, (t1/2) ass., (t1/2)diss. and maximal binding capacity (Bmax) at 25oC for the binding of anti 125I-AFP antibody with its cytosolic antigen in benign colorectal tumor were found to be : 0.0543 x 1010 M-1, 15.064 x 10-10M, 0.0158 min-1, 4.086 x 106 M-1.min-1, 64.76x10-4 min-1, 43 min, 104.28 min and 29.14 Pmol/mg protein respectively, while 0.0538 x 1010 M-1, 15.142 x 10-10 M, 0.0163 min-1, 4.301 x 106 M-1.min-1, 67.63 x 10-4 min-1, 40 min, 79.66 min and 46.25 Pmol/mg respectively for the binding of anti 125I-AFP antibody with its cytosolic antigen in tissues of malignant colorectal tumor and at 4oC.  The maximum binding of partially purified AFP occurred at 25oC. The values ofKa and K+1 increased with increasing temperature. The Van’t Hoff plot demonstrated linear relationship between lnKa and 1/T, using crude colorectal homogenate partially purified AFP as AFP source. Plotting between ln K+1 and 1/T gave linear relationship called Arrheniuns relationship. The thermodynamic parameters ΔΗ˚, ΔG˚ and ΔЅ˚ for the formation of (125I- anti AFP Antibody / AFP) complex at the standard state had been determinedas well asEa, ΔΗ*, ΔG* and ΔЅ* which representing the transition state

Estimation of vitamin C human protective dose for acetaminophen toxicity, using acute animal toxicity study

Acetaminophen (APAP) is the main cause of fulminant hepatic failure. Vitamin C is a natural antioxidant with protective potentials against APAP toxic damage. In this animal study, and after an LD50 determination and selection of suitable lethal dose, the investigation was done to select a proper protective dose of vitamin C against lethal APAP dose. All 6 animal groups received a lethal dose of APAP (3250 mg/kg), group II, III and IV received 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg vitamin C respectively, group V received 1200 mg/kg N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), and group VI receive 1000 mg/kg vitamin C and 1200 mg/kg NAC. Mortality was recorded and liver histopathology was carried out. The results showed, the mortality rate in the group I was 68.75% and 37.5%, 31.25% in group II and III respectively, while group IV Showed a higher mortality rate and in group V and VI it was 25%. There was also a gradual reduction in the grade of histopathological damage in all groups, ranging from 2.4 ± 0.55 in group I to 0.4 ± 0.55 in group V and VI. In conclusion, vitamin C showed an increasing reduction in mortality and more histopathological protection, and it was more significant at 1000 mg/kg. NAC adds no more protection or reduction in mortality. The estimated protective dose of vitamin C was 700 to1127 mg for each gram of APAP. Incorporation of this dose of vitamin C with APAP preparations may be considered as a promising method for reducing mortality or severity of APAP intoxication

Effect of Nano ZnO on the Optical Properties of Poly(vinyl chloride) Films

Optical properties of pure and doped poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films, prepared by using casting technique, with different nanosize zinc oxide (ZnO) concentrations (1–20) wt% have been studied. Parameters such as extinction coefficient, refractive index, real and imaginary parts, Urbach energy, optical conductivity, infinitely high frequency dielectric constant, and average refractive index were studied by using the absorbance and transmittance measurement from computerized UV-visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-1601 PC) in the spectral range 200–800 nm. This study reveals that the optical properties of PVC are affected by the doping of ZnO where the absorption increases and transmission decreases as ZnO concentration increases. The extinction coefficient, refractive index, real and imaginary parts, infinitely high frequency dielectric constant, and average refractive index values were found to increase with increasing impurity percentage. The Urbach energy values are found to be decreasing with increasing ZnO concentration. The optical conductivity increased with photon energy after being doped and with the increase of ZnO concentration

Effect of Nano ZnO on the Optical Properties of Poly(vinyl chloride) Films

Optical properties of pure and doped poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films, prepared by using casting technique, with different nanosize zinc oxide (ZnO) concentrations (1-20) wt% have been studied. Parameters such as extinction coefficient, refractive index, real and imaginary parts, Urbach energy, optical conductivity, infinitely high frequency dielectric constant, and average refractive index were studied by using the absorbance and transmittance measurement from computerized UV-visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-1601 PC) in the spectral range 200-800 nm. This study reveals that the optical properties of PVC are affected by the doping of ZnO where the absorption increases and transmission decreases as ZnO concentration increases. The extinction coefficient, refractive index, real and imaginary parts, infinitely high frequency dielectric constant, and average refractive index values were found to increase with increasing impurity percentage. The Urbach energy values are found to be decreasing with increasing ZnO concentration. The optical conductivity increased with photon energy after being doped and with the increase of ZnO concentration

Mechanical and Biological Potentials of AgNPs-fortified Gelatin Film Derived from Fish Skin

Biodegradable films were prepared using fish skins treated with silver nanoparticles and gelatin as biodegradable polymers. Different volume of silver nanoparticle solution (15, 10, and 5 ml) were used in producing the edible films. the films were evaluated for their inhibitory effectiveness against some types of bacteria that cause food spoilage. The results showed that the gelatin films containing 10 ml of silver nanoparticle solution gave effective activity against Bacteria for all strains tested. The results also showed an improvement in the mechanical properties of the coating supported with silver nanoparticles, as the thickness increased to 0.9 mm compared to the regular control gelatin film of 0.5 mm. Therefore, the tensile strength and elongation rate of the nano-silver treated films increased compared to the control regular coatings. The results also showed that the solubility of the regular gelatin film was 45.2% which significantly diffed from the solubility of the Nano-silver gelatin treated film, which recorded approximately half the solubility (23.3%)

Mechanical and Biological Potentials of AgNPs-fortified Gelatin Film Derived from Fish Skin

Biodegradable films were prepared using fish skins treated with silver nanoparticles and gelatin as biodegradable polymers. Different volume of silver nanoparticle solution (15, 10, and 5 ml) were used in producing the edible films. the films were evaluated for their inhibitory effectiveness against some types of bacteria that cause food spoilage. The results showed that the gelatin films containing 10 ml of silver nanoparticle solution gave effective activity against Bacteria for all strains tested. The results also showed an improvement in the mechanical properties of the coating supported with silver nanoparticles, as the thickness increased to 0.9 mm compared to the regular control gelatin film of 0.5 mm. Therefore, the tensile strength and elongation rate of the nano-silver treated films increased compared to the control regular coatings. The results also showed that the solubility of the regular gelatin film was 45.2% which significantly diffed from the solubility of the Nano-silver gelatin treated film, which recorded approximately half the solubility (23.3%)

Full-wave Solution of the Second Harmonic Generation Problem Using a Nonlinear FDTD Algorithm

A vectorial time-domain simulator of integrated optical structures containing second order nonlinearities is presented. The simulation algorithm is based on the direct solution of nonlinear Maxwell's equations representing the propagating fields and is solved using the FDTD method. Because the proposed algorithm accounts for the full optical coefficient tensor, the inaccuracies associated with the scalar and paraxial approximations are avoided. It should find application in a wide range of device structures and in the analysis of short-pulse propagation in second order nonlinear devices

Full-wave Solution of the Second Harmonic Generation Problem Using a Nonlinear FDTD Algorithm

A vectorial time-domain simulator of integrated optical structures containing second order nonlinearities is presented. The simulation algorithm is based on the direct solution of nonlinear Maxwell's equations representing the propagating fields and is solved using the FDTD method. Because the proposed algorithm accounts for the full optical coefficient tensor, the inaccuracies associated with the scalar and paraxial approximations are avoided. It should find application in a wide range of device structures and in the analysis of short-pulse propagation in second order nonlinear devices