Structure of Kα1,2 - And Kβ1,3 -emission x-ray spectra for Se, Y, and Zr

UID/FIS/04559/2020 UID/MULTI/04046/2020 Project No. PTDC/FIS-AQM/31969/20 Grant No. 2017/25/B/ST2/00901The Kα and Kβ x-ray spectra of Se, Y, and Zr were studied experimentally and theoretically in order to obtain information on the Kα1 line asymmetry and the spin doublet in Kβ1,3 diagram lines. Using a high-resolution antiparallel double-crystal x-ray spectrometer, we obtained the line shapes, that is, asymmetry index and natural linewidths. We found that the corrected full width at half maximum of the Kα1 and Kα2 lines as a function of Z is in good agreement with the data in the literature. Furthermore, satellite lines arising from shake-off appear in the low-energy side of the Kα1 and Kα2 lines in Se but, in Y and Zr, it was very difficult to identify the contribution of the shake process to the overall lines. The Kβ1,3 natural linewidth of these elements was also corrected using the appropriate instrumental function for this type of x-ray spectrometer, and the spin doublet energies were obtained from the peak positions. The corrected full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the Kβ1 x-ray lines increases linearly with Z, but this tendency was found to be, in general, not linear for Kβ3 x-ray lines. This behavior may be due to the existence of satellite lines originated from shake processes. Simulated line profiles, obtained using the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock formalism, accounting for radiative and radiationless transitions and shake-off processes, show a very good agreement with the high-resolution experimental spectra.publishersversionpublishe

Modélisation écologique tridimensionnelle (3D) de la baie de Seine (Manche, France)

Une modélisation écologique tri-dimensionelle (3D) a été développée en baie de Seine. Elle est constituée d'un modèle 3D hydrosédimentaire (SiAM3D) couplé à un modèle écologique simulant le cycle des éléments nutritifs (azote, phosphore, silicium) et deux classes phytoplanctoniques (diatomées et flagellés). Après validation par confrontation des simulations avec neuf années de mesures, le modèle a été utilisé afin de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de l'écosystème. II a notamment permis de montrer le rôle de la proportion de silice par rapport à l'azote et au phosphore dans les apports estivaux de la Seine sur la présence plus ou moins forte de flagellés dans le panache du fleuve. Le modèle a également été utilisé pour tester différentes hypothèses de réduction des apports d'azote par la Seine et leurs conséquences sur la production phytoplanctonique dans le panache

Measurement of K fluorescence yields of niobium and rhodium using monochromatic radiation

Proceedings of the 17th European Conference on X-Ray Spectrometry (EXRS), 19-24 June 216, Gothenburg, Sweden. Organizer: University of Gothenburg.International audienceBoth reactions Nb-93(n,n′)Nb-93 m and Rh-103(n,n′)Rh-103 m are of particular importance for dosimetry in reactor, and the measurement of the activity of Nb and Rh dosimeters provides the basic data that can be traced back to the reactor operating information. These radionuclides emit only X-rays of which emission intensities in recommended data are determined thanks to the γ-ray transition probabilities and fluorescence yield values. In general, the knowledge of fluorescence yields is rather poor and based on old measurements. Nowadays, the use of tunable monochromatic X-ray sources allows performing optimized measurements. In a first step, accurate values of the attenuation coefficients are measured at the metrology beam line of the SOLEIL synchrotron, using procedures such as optimized for similar measurements. In a second step, the fluorescence yields are determined using experimental approaches in a traditional experimental configuration. For both materials, several incident energies are used to get experimental spectra with energy-dispersive spectrometer. The peaks of interest are processed using the COLEGRAM software, which allows detailed fitting of the peak shape. The K fluorescence yields are derived with about 2% relative uncertainty

L’eutrophisation: manifestations, causes, conséquences et prédictibilité

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Modelling the eutrophication of the Seine Bight (France) under historical, present and future riverine nutrient loading

International audienceBecause of the occurrence of episodic blooms of toxic dinoflagellates, eutrophication of the Seine Bight is a subject of growing concern. In order to better understand the relationships between these processes and human activity in the Seine watershed, two models have been used in connection: A model describing nutrient (N, P, Si) transfer processes at the scale of the whole Seine Basin (RIVERSTRAHLER [Billen, G., Garnier, J., Ficht, A., Cun, C., 2001. Modelling the response of water quality in the Seine River Estuary in response to human activity in the watershed over the last 50 years. Estuaries 24, 977-993]), allowing human activity (agricultural practices, waterscape management, urban wastewater management, etc.) to be related to fluxes delivered to the sea. A model of 3D hydrodynamic and ecological model of the Seine Bight (SiAM-3D/ELISE [Cugier, P., 1999. Modélisation du devenir à moyen terme dans l'eau et le sédiment des éléments majeurs (N, P, Si, O) rejetés par la Seine en baie de Seine. Thèse de doctorat, Univ. de Caen, p. 241; Cugier, P., Le Hir, P., 2000. Modélisation 3D des matières en suspension en baie de Seine Orientale (Manche, France). C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sciences de la Terre et des planétes 331, 287-294]), capable of reproducing the spatio-temporal variations of sediment transport, thermo-haline stratification and phytoplanktonic development in the plume of the Seine river. The models are validated by their ability to reproduce observed trends of interannual variations of nutrients delivered by the Seine during the last 50 years, as well as the response of the marine system in terms of diatoms and dinoflagellate development, for which data are available from 1976 to 1984 for the former and from 1987 to 1997 for the latter. The results show clearly that dry years, where silica inputs show a deficit with respect to nitrogen and phosphorus, are those where summer blooms of dinoflagellates are particularly pronounced. Various scenarios of human activity in the watershed are simulated by the two models, including a reconstitution of the 'pristine' state, a historical state corresponding to the situation at the end of the 18th century, as well as several scenarios corresponding to the present situation with alternative policies of wastewater nitrogen and/or phosphorus treatment

Modelling the influence of environmental factors on year-to-year variability of the physiological status of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in an estuarine embayment, the Baie des Veys (France)

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