Immediate Effects of Bilateral Sacroiliac Joint Manipulation on Plantar Pressure Distribution in Asymptomatic Participants

[EN] Objective: To investigate the immediate effects of manipulation of bilateral sacroiliac joints (SIJs) on the plantar pressure distribution in asymptomatic participants in the standing position. Design: Randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Participants: Sixty-two asymptomatic men and women (mean age, 20.66 – 2.56 years) randomly assigned to 2 groups. Interventions: The experimental group underwent mobilization without tension of the hips in the supine position and high-velocity, low-amplitude manipulation in the SIJs bilaterally. The control group underwent only mobilization, without tension of the hips in supine position. Outcome Measures: Pre- and postintervention outcomes measured by an assessor blinded to the treatment allocation of the participants included a baropodometric analysis performed by using a force platform. Baseline between-group differences were examined with a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. A chi-square test was used for categorical data. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess differences between groups, with the preintervention value as covariant (95% confidence level). Results: At baseline, no variables significantly differed between groups. Baropodometric analysis showed statistically significant differences in the location of the maximum pressure point in the experimental group ( p = 0.028). Pre- and postintervention analysis with ANCOVA showed statistically significant differences between both groups in the left hindfoot load percentage (interaction p = 0.0259; ANCOVA p = 0.0277), right foot load percentage (ANCOVA p = 0.0380), and surface of the right forefoot (interaction p = 0.0038). There was also a significant effect in the variables that analyze the entire foot (left foot: surface [interaction p = 0.0452], percentage of load [ANCOVA p = 0.0295]) and between both groups (right foot: weight [interaction p = 0.0070; ANCOVA p = 0.0296]). Conclusions: Sacroiliac joint manipulation applied bilaterally in asymptomatic persons resulted in immediate changes in load distribution on plantar support in the standing position. Study limitations and suggestions for future studies are discussed

Novel Technique Based on Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) and Robocasting to Create Composite Medical Parts

[EN]The purpose for this study is to obtain a new composite manufacturing system based on Additive Manufacturing techniques that allows the creation of parts for the medical industry. These pieces will be resistant, lightweight and may have geometries more complex than those created with traditional systems of composite material. The new system is based on the union of two heads on a 3D Rep-Rap printer. One of the heads is an extruder head of thermoplastic Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) and the other is a dosing head, based on the Robocasting technique, designed to be assembled on the 3D printer. Thermoplastics material and epoxy resin will be used. The alternate printing of both materials generates a piece of composite material. This new technique will allow to increase the structural properties of the piece in the XY plane. The new additive manufacturing system allows to obtain mechanical improvements both in the modulus of elasticity and in the tensile strength. Increase the modulus of elasticity of a value between 50 and 80% depending on the thermoplastic filament used. In the same way the tensile strength has increased between 50 and 60%. The improvement in the strength / weight ratio allows to this new additive manufacturing system to create medical pieces in which the lightness and resistance are its main characteristic, such as orthopedic prostheses.The results show that the use of FFF together with Robocasting, as a manufacturing process for end-use parts, generates an additional advantage that had not been considered until now. The combination of a thermoplastic and an epoxy resin opens a new path in the additive manufacturing since it allows creating pieces with new qualities without being conditioned by the design

Analysis of the anisotropy in parts for medical applications created by the superposition of layers of PLA and epoxy resin with the FFF & Robocasting techniques

[EN]The purpose of this study is to analyze the anisotropy of a new additive manufacturing technique that will use thermoplastic material and epoxy resin to create the creation of usable parts for the medical industry. In the article "Novel Technique Based on Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) and Robocasting to Create Composite Medical Parts", the manufacturing technique was analyzed and it was concluded that the combination of a thermoplastic and an epoxy resin opens a new path in the manufacture of additives since it allows to create pieces with new qualities without being conditioned by the design. In this article we have analyzed specimens that have been printed vertically to obtain a study of the anisotropy and the incidence in the thermoplastic of the inclusion of the epoxy resin with respect to the adhesion between layers. The new system of additive manufacturing has not allowed improving the adhesion between layers of natural PLA but has allowed raising future investigations observing the fracture of the test tubes

Competitividad de la producción de carne de bovino en la región norte de Veracruz

Knowledge of the competitiveness of bovine meat (beef) production in the northern region of Veracruz is important because it allows to know the level of profit obtained by the producers and their chances of survival within a free trade environment. In order to know if Governmental intervention has favoured the level of competitiveness in beef production in northern Veracruz to recommend the granting of subsidies, a Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was constructed for the following groups of producers: conventional, in transition and in business. Results indicated that private profit was positive, and the ratio of private cost was less than one, indicating that the activity is competitive. Similarly, the economic gain was positive, and the resource cost ratio was less than one, indicating that all three systems have comparative advantages. The value of the effective protection coefficient, less than one, indicates that the activity has no protection over the price of the product, or the price of inputs. Finally, the subsidy equivalent to –510, –688 and –538 for producers in groups 1, 2 and 3 indicated that the intervention of the Government through economic policy has not favoured the competitiveness of the livestock sector. Considering the results, the granting of subsidies is justified to counteract the negative effects that the current economic policy has on beef production.El conocimiento de la competitividad de producción de carne de bovino en la región norte de Veracruz es importante porque permite conocer el nivel de ganancia obtenido por los productores y sus posibilidades de supervivencia en un ambiente de libre comercio. Con el objetivo de conocer si la intervención del Gobierno ha favorecido el nivel de competitividad en la producción de carne de bovino en el Norte de Veracruz para recomendar el otorgamiento de subsidios se construyó una Matriz de Análisis de Política (MAP) para los siguientes grupos de productores: convencionales, en transición y empresariales. Los resultados indican que la ganancia privada fue positiva y la relación del costo privado fue menor a la unidad, lo cual señala que la actividad es competitiva. De manera similar, la ganancia económica fue positiva y la relación del costo de los recursos fue menor a la unidad, lo cual indica que los tres sistemas cuentan con ventajas comparativas. El valor del coeficiente de protección efectiva, menor a la unidad, indica que la actividad no tiene protección sobre el precio del producto, ni sobre el precio de los insumos. Por último, el subsidio equivalente a –510, –688 y –538 para los productores de los grupos 1, 2 y 3 indicó que la intervención del Gobierno a través de su política económica no ha favorecido la competitividad del sector pecuario. Al considerar los resultados, se justifica el otorgamiento de subsidios para contrarrestar los efectos negativos que tiene la actual política económica sobre la producción de carne de bovino

Visitas a un instituto de investigación como recurso docente a la formación práctica con orientación clínica a los alumnos del Grado en Fisioterapia

Memoria ID-0175. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2014-2015

Utilización de la herramienta de participación interactiva "Turning Point" como desarrollo de nuevas metodologías de aprendizaje en los Grados de Enfermería y Fisioterapia

Memoria ID-0068. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2017-2018

Specific neurodynamic exercises on pain and disability in old women with chronic mechanical neck pain: a randomized controlled trial

Neurodynamic exercise is a specific type of exercise used as a neural treatment that focuses on restoring altered homeostasis in the neuroimmune system by mobilising the nervous system and other structures. A prospective, randomized clinical trial was performed to evaluate the effect of neurodynamic exercises on disability and neck pain in elderly women over four weeks. Participants were randomized into two groups: a neurodynamic (NM) group (n = 28) and a non-specific exercise (NSE) group (n = 28). Inclusion criteria were women over 65 years of age who subjectively admitted to having mechanical neck pain for more than six months. Results showed that specific neurodynamic exercises can improve pain and disability in older women with chronic mechanical neck pain. Improvements were observed in all variables (p < 0.05). Significant between-group differences in favour of the NM group were only found for neck pressure pain thresholds and both tibialis anterior muscles. Larger effect sizes were obtained in favour of the NM group, especially for pain, disability, neck extension and inclination and pressure pain thresholds. Neurodynamic exercises have been shown to be more clinically relevant in disability and neck pain in older women.This research was funded by agreement between the Salamanca City Council and the University of Salamanca (code L9AB)

Creación y diseño de un sistema tutorial para el seguimiento del alumno en las asignaturas "Practicum" del Grado en Fisioterapia

Memoria ID-0176. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2014-2015

Income levels and inequality in Colombia: an econometric study by departments

En esta investigación se tiene como propósito analizar conceptual y empíricamente el vínculo entre el crecimiento y la desigualdad del ingreso en Colombia a nivel departamental, destacándose las heterogeneidades económicas y los indicadores socioeconómicos que pueden estar articulados con esta relación. Se toma como referencia el promedio del ingreso per cápita familiar por departamento, y el coeficiente de Gini y el índice de Theil como indicadores de desigualdad. El estudio se realiza para el periodo 2002-2016, y se estiman diferentes metodologías econométricas buscando verificar la consistencia o inconsistencia de la relación y su robustez. En las estimaciones realizadas se evidenció que en Colombia a nivel departamental el vínculo entre crecimiento y desigualdad del ingreso no es claro, y los resultados varían dependiendo de la especificación del modelo y la metodología utilizada.The purpose of this paper is to analyze theoretically and empirically the link between growth and income inequality in Colombia by regions. Economic heterogeneities and socioeconomic indicators are considered in the inquiry of that relation. Per capita household income by department is considered as a reference of microeconomic welfare, Gini coefficient and Theil index are estimated as inequality indicators, the period from 2002 to 2016 is studied, and different econometric specifications are estimated to check consistency and robustness in the results. According with the estimations, the link between growth and income inequality in Colombia, at regional level, is not plain to understand because the results change depend on specification and methodology estimated

Niveles de ingreso y desigualdad en Colombia: un estudio econométrico por departamentos.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze theoretically and empirically the link between growth and income inequality in Colombia by regions. Economic heterogeneities and socioeconomic indicators are considered in the inquiry of that relation. Per capita household income by department is considered as a reference of microeconomic welfare, Gini coefficient and Theil index are estimated as inequality indicators, the period from 2002 to 2016 is studied, and different econometric specifications are estimated to check consistency and robustness in the results. According with the estimations, the link between growth and income inequality in Colombia, at regional level, is not plain to understand because the results change depend on specification and methodology estimated.En esta investigación se tiene como propósito analizar conceptual y empíricamente el vínculo entre el crecimiento y la desigualdad del ingreso en Colombia a nivel departamental, destacándose las heterogeneidades económicas y los indicadores socioeconómicos que pueden estar articulados con esta relación. Se toma como referencia el promedio del ingreso per cápita familiar por departamento, y el coeficiente de Gini y el índice de Theil como indicadores de desigualdad. El estudio se realiza para el periodo 2002-2016, y se estiman diferentes metodologías econométricas buscando verificar la consistencia o inconsistencia de la relación y su robustez. En las estimaciones realizadas se evidenció que en Colombia a nivel departamental el vínculo entre crecimiento y desigualdad del ingreso no es claro, y los resultados varían dependiendo de la especificación del modelo y la metodología utilizada