Agricultural trade and prosperity

In an environment where there is no communication between different social levels and which is suffering an increasing demand in agricultural production, agribusiness and quality, trade, as a regulator of the supply and demand, has a strong impact on the economic and environmental areas as well as on the farmers quality of life. This entails the need to find a sustainable and fair balance between the different parties (farmers and traders). This paper seeks to find this balance through the integration of trade with prosperity, understood not from a purely economic point of view, but as an improvement in life quality. This proposal is framed within Working With People (WWP) as the main conceptual base for achieving concrete actions that will promote a rapprochement between the parties that will lead to the sector?s sustainable resilience. This will be achieved through a exhaustive review of scientific literature in order to analyze and develop the state of the art of the concepts involved. The result is a conceptual proposal presented from the three dimensions of the WWP model: technical-entrepeneurial, ethical-social, political-contextual

Discrimination of milks with a multisensor system based on layer-by-layer films

Producción CientíficaA nanostructured electrochemical bi-sensor system for the analysis of milks has been developed using the layer-by-layer technique. The non-enzymatic sensor [CHI+IL/CuPcS]2, is a layered material containing a negative film of the anionic sulfonated copper phthalocyanine (CuPcS) acting as electrocatalytic material, and a cationic layer containing a mixture of an ionic liquid (IL) (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) that enhances the conductivity, and chitosan (CHI), that facilitates the enzyme immobilization. The biosensor ([CHI+IL/CuPcS]2-GAO) results from the immobilization of galactose oxidase on the top of the LbL layers. FTIR, UV–vis, and AFM have confirmed the proposed structure and cyclic voltammetry has demonstrated the amplification caused by the combination of materials in the film. Sensors have been combined to form an electronic tongue for milk analysis. Principal component analysis has revealed the ability of the sensor system to discriminate between milk samples with different lactose content. Using a PLS-1 calibration models, correlations have been found between the voltammetric signals and chemical parameters measured by classical methods. PLS-1 models provide excellent correlations with lactose content. Additional information about other components, such as fats, proteins, and acidity, can also be obtained. The method developed is simple, and the short response time permits its use in assaying milk samples online.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (project AGL2015-67482-R)Junta de Castilla y Leon - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (project VA-011U16)Junta de Castilla y León (grant BOCYL-D-4112015-9

Comunicación y gestión de calidad: intervención diagnóstica en un establecimiento educacional de la ciudad de Santiago

161 p.El objetivo prioritario de este trabajo es destacar la importancia que tiene una mirada estratégica de la comunicación, como base para la implementación de las prácticas de gestión de calidad en un establecimiento escolar. Con esta finalidad se considera una metodología mixta, iniciando el diagnóstico con la aplicación del cuestionario de autoevaluación de la implementación de las prácticas de gestión de calidad, elaborado por Soria y Martínez (2009), al personal del centro escolar bajo estudio, se identifican los alcances estratégicos, realizando una triangulación con técnicas cualitativas, a personal clave, alumnos y apoderados. A partir de ahí se diseña un método bajo un enfoque sistémico y holístico y se presenta una propuesta de intervención basada en las deficiencias más críticas encontradas. Los resultados de la autoevaluación muestran que todas las dimensiones analizadas presentan algún grado de criticidad; cerca del 48%, de los indicadores utilizados en las mediciones, están en un rango crítico y el 10% altamente crítico. Las dimensiones comunicación e información y formación, alcanzan niveles altamente críticos; y, Apoyo de la Dirección y Proceso de Dirección, críticos. La triangulación permite confirmar, agudizar, y en ocasiones demostrar, una clara discrepancia en las percepciones internas y de quienes reciben el servicio. El programa de mejora, considera como intervenciones centrales, Comunicación e Información y Comunicación Estratégica, Liderazgo, Formación y Planificación Estratégica. Como asesoría complementaría, se sugiere ajustes y diseño de la estructura en base a equipos y una intervención a la cultura. Se concluye que el análisis desde la institución educativa, favorece la implementación de un sistema de gestión escolar estratégico, bajo el enfoque de calidad total, viabilizando el logro de una competencia comunicativa con sus públicos, siempre que se haya considerado a la comunicación como eje de la estrategia del centro. Palabras claves: educación, gestión escolar

Evaluación de aislados fúngicos como posibles entomopatógenos frente al trips Frankliniella occidentalis

Los trips son insectos de muy pequeño tamaño de cuerpo alargado y cilíndrico que pertenecen al orden Thysanoptera. Estos insectos son una de las principales plagas en cultivos bajo invernadero ya que poseen una gran resistencia y capacidad de adaptación, además de producir daños directos en nuestra plantación. Otro aspecto importante es que son transmisores de virus muy polífagos, en especial el virus del bronceado del tomate (TSWV), que es el causante de importantes daños económicos a nivel hortícola. Así pues, es de vital importancia encontrar nuevas herramientas de control microbiológicas complementarias o sustitutivas al control con enemigos naturales. Existen varios depredadores biológicos de Frankliniella occidentalis, como pueden ser Orius laevigatus, Amblyseius swirskii, Stratiolaelaps scimitus o Neosiulus cucumeris. Todos ellos son ácaros y chinches capaces de alimentarse de presas como el trip

Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy, and Food Sources of Selected Antioxidant Minerals and Vitamins; and Their Relationship with Personal and Family Factors in Spanish Children Aged 1 to <10 Years: Results from the EsNuPI Study

Minerals and vitamins involved in the antioxidant defense system are essential for healthy growth and proper development during infancy. Milk and dairy products are of particular importance for improving the supply of these nutrients to children. Indeed, the present study aimed to evaluate the nutrient intake and food sources of zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), retinol and carotenoids (sources of vitamin A), and vitamins C and E, and to analyze their relationships with personal and familiar factors in Spanish children from the EsNuPI study. One subpopulation representative of the Spanish population from 1 to <10 years old (n = 707) (reference group, REF) who reported consuming all types of milk over the last year, and another subpopulation of the same age who reported consuming fortified milk formulas (FMFs) (including follow-on formula, young child formula, growing up milk, toddler’s milk, and enriched and fortified milk) (n = 741) (fortified milk consumers, FMCs) completed two 24 h dietary recalls used to estimate their nutrient intakes and to compare them to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Dietary Reference Values (DRVs). The REF reported higher median intakes than FMCs for Se (61 g/kg vs. 51 g/kg) and carotenoids (1079 g/day vs. 998 g/day). Oppositely, FMCs reported higher intakes than REF for Zn (7.9 mg/day vs. 6.9 mg/day), vitamin A (636 g/day vs. 481 g/day), vitamin E (8.9 mg/day vs. 4.5 mg/day), vitamin C (113 mg/day vs. 71 mg/day), and retinol (376 g/day vs. 233 g/day). In the REF group, more than 50% of the children met the EFSA recommendations for Zn (79.6%), Se (87.1%), vitamin A (71.3%), and vitamin C (96.7%), respectively. On the other hand, 92.2% were below the EFSA recommendations for vitamin E. In the FMC group, more than 50% of the children met the EFSA recommendations for Zn (55.2%), Se (90.8%), vitamin A (75.7%), vitamin E (66.7%), and vitamin C (100%). We found statistically significant differences between subpopulations for all cases except for Se. In both subpopulations, the main sources of all antioxidant nutrients were milk and dairy products. For carotenoids, the main sources were vegetables and fruits followed by milk and dairy products. A high percentage of children had vitamins A and E intakes below the recommendations, information of great importance to stakeholders. More studies using intakes and biomarkers are needed, however, to determine an association with diverse factors of oxidative damage.Instituto Puleva de Nutricion (IPN)FENFINUTdairy company Lactali

Datos y metadatos de investigación en ciencias sociales y humanidades: una aproximación desde los repositorios temáticos de datos

This paper studies research data repositories in the social sciences and humanities (SSH), from the Registry of Research Data Repositories (re3data), paying particular attention to metadata models used to describe the datasets included in them. 397 repositories are reviewed at the general level, including those of a multidisciplinary nature. We discuss and reflect on the special features of research data in these disciplines, and on coverage and information collected by re3data. The metadata schemas and standards most commonly used in SSH repositories are analyzed, with special emphasis on the six main repositories.Se estudian los repositorios de datos de investigación en ciencias sociales y humanidades (CSH), recogidos en el Registro de repositorios de datos de investigación (re3data), prestando especial atención a los modelos de metadatos que utilizan para describir los datasets incluidos en ellos. Se revisan a nivel global los 397 repositorios que, según re3data, recogen datos de investigación sobre esas disciplinas, incluidos, los de carácter multidisciplinar. Se discute y reflexiona sobre las particularidades de los datos de investigación en estas disciplinas y sobre la cobertura e información que recoge re3data. Se analizan los esquemas y estándares de metadatos más utilizados en los repositorios de CSH, con un análisis más pormenorizado de los seis repositorios de datos especializados más importantes.This work is part of the project Curator-e: custody and digital management for the reuse of open data research in the humanities and social sciences, funded by the Spanish State Program of Research, Development and Innovation Facing Society Challenges, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Mineco), Spain (CSO2013-46754-R)

Study on the use of metadata for digital learning objects in university institutional repositories (MODERI)

Metadata is a core issue for the creation of repositories. Different institutional repositories have chosen and use different metadata models, elements and values for describing the range of digital objects they store. Thus, this paper analyzes the current use of metadata describing those Learning Objects that some open higher educational institutions' repositories include in their collections. The goal of this work is to identify and analyze the different metadata models being used to describe educational features of those specific digital educational objects (such as audience, type of educational object, learning objectives, etc.). Also discussed is the concept and typology of Learning Objects (LO) through their use in University Repositories. We will also examine the usefulness of specifically describing those learning objects, setting them apart from other kind of documents included in the repository, mainly scholarly publications and research results of the Higher Education institution.En prens