Viestintästrategian ja -suunnitelman päivitys Kotkamills Oy:ssä

Viestintä on nykyisin olennainen osa yritysten toimintaa ja sitä toteuttaa koko työyhteisö. Viestintästrategian ja -suunnitelman avulla organisaatio rakentaa viestintäänsä haluttuun suuntaan. Tämän opinnäytetyön aiheena on viestintästrategian ja -suunnitelman päivitys Kotkamills Oy:ssä, jonka omistaja ja toimintaympäristö ovat muuttuneet merkittävästi viime vuosien aikana. Työn tavoitteena oli luoda yrityksen muuttuneeseen tilanteeseen sopiva viestintästrategia ja -suunnitelma. Tutkimusmenetelmänä oli kvalitatiivinen haastattelututkimus, jonka kohderyhmänä olivat yrityksen eri toimintojen avainhenkilöt sekä otos yrityksen myyntiverkostosta. Haastattelukysymysten laadinnassa viitekehyksenä käytettiin viestintästrategian rakennemallia. Kirjallisuuslähteinä käytettiin viestintää ja työyhteisöjen johtamista käsittelevää kirjallisuutta ja lehtiartikkeleja. Opinnäytetyön produktiot ovat ehdotukset toimeksiantajayrityksen viestintästrategiaksi sekä viestintäsuunnitelmaksi, jotka yritys voi ottaa käyttöön ja soveltaa suunnitellessaan ja toteuttaessaan sekä sisäistä että ulkoista viestintäänsä. Viestintästrategiaehdotus määrittelee viestinnän suuntaviivat ja tavoitteet ja viestintäsuunnitelma on listaus tarkemmista viestintätoimenpiteistä aikatauluineen. Merkittävimmät asiat, joihin yrityksen tulee viestinnässään lisätä huomiota, ovat yrityksen tunnettuuden lisääminen kohdentamalla viestintää selkeästi eri sidosryhmille, viestinnän käyttäminen apuvälineenä yrityksen liiketoimintastrategian toteuttamisessa, vuorovaikutuksen lisääminen yrityksen sisällä sekä viestintävastuiden selkeyttäminen.Nowadays communication is an essential field of activity in companies and the whole work community takes part in it. With the help of communication strategy and communication plan, an organization develops its communications to the desired direction. The goal of this thesis was to update the communications strategy and communications plan for the commissioner company Kotkamills Oy, whose ownership and operational environment have changed remarkably during the latest years. The target was to create a communication strategy and a communication plan that would be helpful in the company’s new situation. The research method used was a qualitative interview study targeted to the key persons of different activities of the company as well as to a sample of the company’s sales network. The subtext used in defining the interview questions was the structure model for communication strategy. The theoretical background comprised communications and management of work communities. The suggestions for communication strategy and communication plan presented in this thesis can be used to make the company well-known among its interest groups, to diffuse the company strategy to the personnel, to increase interaction and to clarify the communication responsibilities in the company

Genetic, prenatal and postnatal determinants of weight gain and obesity in young children – The STEPS Study

Genetic, Prenatal and Postnatal Determinants of Weight Gain and Obesity in Young Children – The STEPS Study University of Turku, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Turku Doctoral Program of Clinical Investigation (CLIPD), Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research. Conditions of being overweight and obese in childhood are common health problems with longlasting effects into adulthood. Currently 22% of Finnish boys and 12% of Finnish girls are overweight and 4% of Finnish boys and 2% of Finnish girls are obese. The foundation for later health is formed early, even before birth, and the importance of prenatal growth on later health outcomes is widely acknowledged. When the mother is overweight, had high gestational weight gain and disturbances in glucose metabolism during pregnancy, an increased risk of obesity in children is present. On the other hand, breastfeeding and later introduction of complementary foods are associated with a decreased obesity risk. In addition to these, many genetic and environmental factors have an effect on obesity risk, but the clustering of these factors is not extensively studied. The main objective of this thesis was to provide comprehensive information on prenatal and early postnatal factors associated with weight gain and obesity in infancy up to two years of age. The study was part of the STEPS Study (Steps to Healthy Development), which is a follow-up study consisting of 1797 families. This thesis focused on children up to 24 months of age. Altogether 26% of boys and 17% of girls were overweight and 5% of boys and 4% of girls were obese at 24 months of age according to New Finnish Growth references for Children BMI-for-age criteria. Compared to children who remained normal weight, the children who became overweight or obese showed different growth trajectories already at 13 months of age. The mother being overweight had an impact on children’s birth weight and early growth from birth to 24 months of age. The mean duration of breastfeeding was almost 2 months shorter in overweight women in comparison to normal weight women. A longer duration of breastfeeding was protective against excessive weight gain, high BMI, high body weight and high weight-for-length SDS during the first 24 months of life. Breast milk fatty acid composition differed between overweight and normal weight mothers, and overweight women had more saturated fatty acids and less n-3 fatty acids in breast milk. Overweight women also introduced complementary foods to their infants earlier than normal weight mothers. Genetic risk score calculated from 83 obesogenic- and adiposity-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed that infants with a high genetic risk for being overweight and obese were heavier at 13 months and 24 months of age than infants with a low genetic risk, thus possibly predisposing to later obesity in obesogenic environment. Obesity Risk Score showed that children with highest number of risk factors had almost 6-fold risk of being overweight and obese at 24 months compared to children with lowest number of risk factors. The accuracy of the Obesity Risk Score in predicting overweight and obesity at 24 months was 82%. This study showed that many of the obesogenic risk factors tend to cluster within children and families and that children who later became overweight or obese show different growth trajectories already at a young age. These results highlight the importance of early detection of children with higher obesity risk as well as the importance of prevention measures focused on parents. Keywords: Breastfeeding, Child, Complementary Feeding, Genes, Glucose metabolism, Growth, Infant Nutrition Physiology, Nutrition, Obesity, Overweight, ProgrammingPainonnousun ja ylipainon geneettiset, prenataaliset ja postnataaliset tekijät pienillä lapsilla Hyvän kasvun avaimet –tutkimuksessa Turun yliopisto, Lääketieteellinen tiedekunta, Lastentautioppi, Turun yliopiston kliininen tohtoriohjelma (TKT), Turun lapsi- ja nuorisotutkimuskeskus. Lapsuusiän ylipaino ja lihavuus ovat yleisiä terveysongelmia, joilla on pitkäkantoisia vaikutuksia terveyteen. Tällä hetkellä suomalaisista pojista 22 % ja tytöistä 12 % on ylipainoisia ja 4 % pojista 2 % tytöistä lihavia. Pohja myöhemmälle terveydelle luodaan jo varhain, jopa ennen syntymää ja sikiöaikaisen kasvun vaikutukset myöhempään terveyteen ovat tunnistettuja monissa tutkimuksissa. Äidin ylipaino, glukoosiaineenvaihdunnan häiriöt ja liiallinen painonnousu raskausaikana ovat yhteydessä lapsen suurempaan ylipainoriskiin. Toisaalta, imetyksen ja myöhäisemmän lisäruokien aloituksen on havaittu olevan yhteydessä pienentyneeseen ylipainoriskiin. Näiden tekijöiden lisäksi erilaiset geneettiset tekijät sekä muut ympäristötekijät ovat yhteydessä varhaiseen painonkehitykseen ja ylipainoriskiin, mutta näiden tekijöiden kasaantumista on toistaiseksi tutkittu vain vähän. Tutkimuksen päätavoitteena oli tuottaa aiempaa kokonaisvaltaisempi kuva ylipainoriskiin ja varhaiseen kasvuun liittyvistä ympäristö- ja perimätekijöistä. Tämä tutkimus oli osa Hyvän kasvun avaimet –seurantatutkimusta (the STEPS Study), jossa seurataan monitieteisesti 1797 perhettä. Tämä väitöstutkimus keskittyi lasten kahteen ensimmäiseen ikävuoteen. Väitöstutkimuksen tulokset osoittivat, että monet eri tekijät ovat yhteydessä varhaiseen kasvuun ja ylipainoriskiin. Hyvän kasvun avaimet –tutkimuksessa 26 % pojista ja 17 % tytöistä oli ylipainoisia ja 5 % pojista ja 4 % tytöistä lihavia kahden vuoden iässä. Ylipainoisten ja lihavien lasten kasvu erosi normaalipainoisten lasten kasvusta jo 13 kuukauden iässä. Äidin ylipaino vaikutti lasten syntymäpainoon ja varhaiseen kasvuun syntymästä kahden vuoden ikään. Ylipainoisilla äideillä imetyksen kesto oli keskimäärin 1,7 kk lyhyempi kuin normaalipainoisilla äideillä. Imetyksen pidempi kesto suojasi liialliselta painonnousulta, korkealta painoindeksiltä, korkealta painolta ja korkealta pituus-painon keskihajonnalta ensimmäisten kahden vuoden aikana. Ylipainoisilla äideillä oli rintamaidossaan enemmän tyydyttyneitä rasvahappoja ja vähemmän n-3 rasvahappoja kuin normaalipainoisilla äideillä. Lisäksi ylipainoiset äidit aloittivat kiinteät ruoat lapsilleen normaalipainoisia äitejä aiemmin. Ylipainoon liittyvistä 83:sta yhden emäksen geenipolymorfioista laskettu geneettinen riskipisteytys osoitti, että lapset, joilla oli suurempi geneettinen riski ylipainoon painoivat enemmän 13 kuukauden ja 2 vuoden iässä kuin lapset, joilla oli pienempi geneettinen riski ylipainoon. Ylipainon geneettisistä, prenataalisista ja postnataalisista riskitekijöistä laskettu ylipainoriskin summamuuttuja osoitti, että lapsilla, joilla oli korkein määrä yksittäisiä riskitekijöitä oli lähes 6-kertainen riski ylipainoon ja lihavuuteen 2 vuoden iässä verrattuna lapsiin, joilla oli vähän tai ei lainkaan riskitekijöitä. Summamuuttujan tarkkuus 2 vuoden ylipainoa ja lihavuutta ennustettaessa oli 82 %. Tutkimus osoitti että monet ylipainon varhaisista riskitekijöistä kasaantuivat samoille lapsille ja perheille. Lapset, joista myöhemmin tuli ylipainoisia erosivat kasvultaan normaalipainoisista lapsista jo varhaisessa vaiheessa. Nämä tulokset korostavat lasten ylipainon varhaisen tunnistamisen ja erityisesti vanhempiin kohdistuvien ennaltaehkäisevien toimenpiteiden tärkeyttä. Avainsanat: Imetys, Imeväisen ravitsemus, Kasvu, Lapset, Lihavuus, Ohjelmoituminen, Perin- tötekijät, Ravitsemus, Sokeriaineenvaihdunta Ylipaino, ÄidinmaitoSiirretty Doriast

Aikuisen potilaan kotiinlähtöohjaus : Kirjallisuuskatsaus kohonnutta verenpainetta sairastavan aikuisen potilaan kotiinlähtöohjauksesta

Tämän opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli tuottaa tietoa kotiinlähtöohjauksesta, kun potilas sairastaa kohonnutta verenpainetta. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli kuvata kirjallisuuskatsauksen avulla aikuisen potilaan kotiinlähtöohjausta, kun potilas sairastaa kohonnutta verenpainetta. Kirjallisuuskatsausta ohjaavat kysymykset olivat: Millaisia ohjaustarpeita kohonnutta verenpainetta sairastavalla aikuisella on kotiinlähtötilanteessa? Mitkä ovat kohonnutta verenpainetta sairastavan aikuisen ohjauksen tavoitteet kotiinlähtötilanteessa? Millaisin keinoin sairaanhoitaja toteuttaa tavoitteellista ohjausta? Opinnäytetyön aineisto koostui kirjallisuudesta, joka sisälsi kymmenen tutkimusartikkelia ja kahdeksan asiantuntija-artikkelia. Aineisto haettiin kirjallisuudesta eri tietokannoista systemaattista kirjallisuuskatsausta soveltaen ja manuaalisella haulla. Saatu kirjallisuus analysoitiin sisällönanalyysillä. Kirjallisuuskatsauksen mukaan kohonnutta verenpainetta sairastan aikuisen potilaan ohjaustarpeita kotiinlähtötilanteessa olivat verenpaineeseen vaikuttavat elämäntapamuutokset, tiedon tarve kohonneesta verenpaineesta ja kotihoidon tarve. Kohonnutta verenpainetta sairastavan aikuisen potilaan ohjauksen tavoitteita kotiinlähtötilanteessa olivat motivaation herättäminen, tavoitteiden asettaminen, verenpainepotilaan asennoituminen hoitoa kohtaan, kohonneen verenpaineen hoidon merkityksen ymmärtäminen ja arjenhallinta. Sairaanhoitajan keinot toteuttaa kohonnutta verenpainetta sairastavan aikuisen ohjausta olivat potilaslähtöisyys, tavoitteellinen toiminta, yhteistyö potilaan kanssa, kirjallinen ja suullinen ohjaus, sanaton ja sanallinen viestintä, ajan antaminen sekä muutoksiin tukeminen. Tämän opinnäytetyön avulla saatiin tietoa kohonnutta verenpainetta sairastavan aikuisen potilaan kotiinlähtötilanteen ohjaustarpeista, ohjauksen tavoitteista sekä sairaanhoitajan keinoista toteuttaa tavoitteellista ohjausta. Opinnäytetyön tuottamaa tietoa voidaan käyttää kohonnutta verenpainetta sairastavan potilaan ohjauksen kehittämisessä.The purpose of the study is to produce information for discharge counseling for patients suffering from hypertension. Information can be used for developing the counseling of a patient with hypertension. The aim is to describe a good patient education at discharge counseling when patient suffers from hypertension. Thesis was carried out as a literature review. The data were collected from literature review method and it consisted of 18 research articles. The data were analyzed by content analysis. The results show that discharge counseling needs were way of life changes, knowledge of hypertension and home care. Targets of counseling were waking up motivation, setting targets, standing treatment, understand meaning of treatment and everyday life. Nurses’ ways to execute patient education were individuality, oriented action, teamwork with patient, written and verbal counseling, non-verbal and verbal communication, giving time and support to changes. This thesis gives information about hypertensive patient counseling needs, targets and nurses ways to execute patient education. Information could be used in developing hypertensive patient counselling

Citizen views on welfare and rights of farmed animals in food production

The link is to the final published version of the paper, and the file is the accepted manuscript together with a corrigendum. Unfortunately the conference proceedings could not publish the corrigendum after publication.Peer reviewe

To Connect and be Heard : Informal Dimension of School Mealtimes Represented by Students’ Self-initiated YouTube Videos

This qualitative observational study examines Finnish students' self-initiated YouTube videos of school mealtimes, leaning theoretically on childhood sociology and social constructionist philosophy. Conceptualization of formal and informal dimensions of school mealtimes supported an examination of social media as a tool for children and young people for creative content production and expressions of agency, while acknowledging how their activities challenged formal rules and restrictions. The study shows how YouTube enabled students to construct cool and fun spaces within school mealtimes and provided them ways to voice their opinions of its formal contents. However, the publicity of social media resulted also with collisions between formal and informal dimensions, as the differing norms of online and offline contexts clashed. Overall, results illustrate social meanings of school mealtimes for students, their expressions of agency in relation to institutional boundaries and YouTube as a pathway for children and young people to connect and be heard.Peer reviewe

Carbon footprint of food - an approach from national level and from a food portion

The evaluation of food chain environmental impacts was conducted using an environmental accounting model developed for the Finnish food sector, and a model of a Finnish standard lunch plate, which followed nutritional recommendations and represented division of a plate into three parts; half of the plate comprising vegetables, one quarter protein and one quarter carbohydrate.The impacts on climate change were analysed over the whole food chain. Different methods of food processing were assessed: preparation of a standard lunch plate at home, public food service preparation of lunch portions and industrial processing of ready‐made food. The overall aim was to help consumers make environmentally responsible choices in consumption and identify the key areas requiring improvement in terms of climate change and the food supply chain.According to environmental accounting in the food sector, the food chain accounts for 7% of CO2 emissions, 43% of CH4 emissions, and 50% of N2O emissions produced across the entire economy. Impact contribution of the Finnish food chain in climate change was calculated to be 14%. Food represented 15‐20% of the climate change impact of daily consumption. The carbon footprint ranged from 570g to 3.5kg equivalent CO2 for a single food portion. Impact profiles of portions varied depending on raw material composition and production procedure. Producers of animal products, food consumers making their food choices, and particularly decision makers in public catering are the critical stakeholders for minimizing climate change impacts of the food chain

Beating unsustainability with eating: four alternative food-consumption scenarios

Peer reviewe

Permissive flexibility in successful lifelong weight management : A qualitative study among Finnish men and women

Maintaining normal weight in the current obesogenic environment is a challenge. However, some people can do it. More insight is needed to understand how and why some people succeed in long-term weight maintenance. This study uses a rare, qualitative approach by describing the thoughts of successful weight management and self-perceived requirements for success in weight maintenance. We interviewed 39 individuals who have maintained normal weight for their entire lives (men and women). The content analysis revealed a main theme: flexible, permissive and conscious self-regulation, which was divided into two subthemes (eating-related behavior and weight-related behavior). The informants reported certain routines that supported their weight management: regular eating, sufficient meal sizes, eating in response to hunger, healthy and vegetable-rich diet along with moderate feasting and flexible eating restriction. Flexibility in routines allowed freedom in their eating behavior. In addition, informants regarded themselves as physically active, and they enjoyed regular exercise. Regular weighing was generally considered unnecessary. Normal weight was regarded as a valuable and worthwhile issue, and most of the informants worked to keep their weight stable. Although the perceived workload varied among informants, the weight management strategies were similar. It was crucial to be conscious of the balance between eating and energy consumption. Further, flexibility characterized their behavior and was the basis of successful weight management. Women were more aware of weight control practices and knowledge than men, but otherwise, women and men reported similar weight management methods and attitudes. In conclusion, the interviewees who have maintained the normal weight had created a personal weight-management support environment where weight management was a lifestyle. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Engagements in Situationally Appropriate Home Cooking

The article analyses engagements in home cooking from a practice theoretical perspective. The focus on engagements reveals what people regard as worthy of doing and as appropriate cooking performances in specific everyday situations. For producing a more nuanced account of situationally appropriate cooking, the theoretical perspective is complemented by Thevenot's regimes - familiarity, planning and justification. The data consist of videos and video-stimulated recall (SR) interviews: five Finnish families with children video-recorded their dinner-cooking for one week using wearable cameras and described their performances in the SR interviews. We applied an abductive theory-based and data-driven analysis. The results show that the regime of familiarity sustains cooking performances and that the regime of justification addresses negotiations of common good. However, the regime of planning appeared to be the most crucial: through flexible planning, the participants strived for a balance between maintaining familiarity and negotiating justification to achieve satisfaction. Planning was enacted in different time spans: in action, tentatively and anticipatorily. The variations of planning may offer new insights into promoting changes in families' food practices. Overall, we suggest that an analysis of engagements by this method combination enables understanding of how families navigate through everyday life to perform situationally appropriate cooking.Peer reviewe

Kiistat maitorasvoista ja kasviöljyistä Helsingin sanomissa, 1978 - 2013 : Analyysi riskejä, asiantuntijuutta, todisteita ja nautintoa koskevista konfliketista

The study analysed public debates on the association of milk fats, vegetable oils and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) between 1978 and 2013 in Finland, a country with a decades-long history of public health initiatives targeting fat consumption. The main agendas, conflicts and participants were analysed. The data were collected from the newspaper Helsingin Sanomat and consisted of 52 threads and 250 texts. We identified four themes around which there were repeated, often overlapping conflicts: the health risks of saturated fats, expertise of the risks of fat consumption, the adequate evidence of the risks of fat consumption, and framing the fat question. During the research period, the main arguments of the effects of consumption of fats have remained the same. References to epidemiological and intervention studies and framing of the fat question as a public health issue, have been ongoing, as has the definition of what constitutes genuine expertise. Yet, we also found discontinuities. In the early 2000s new emphases began to emerge: personal experiences were increasingly presented as evidence of the effects of dietary choices on human health, and the question of fat consumption was framed either as one of enjoyment or of a consumers’ right to choose rather than only being a public health question. Moreover, new professional groups such as chefs and creative professionals now joined the discussion.The study analysed public debates on the association of milk fats, vegetable oils and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) between 1978 and 2013 in Finland, a country with a decades-long history of public health initiatives targeting fat consumption. The main agendas, conflicts and participants were analysed. The data were collected from the newspaper Helsingin Sanomat and consisted of 52 threads and 250 texts. We identified four themes around which there were repeated, often overlapping conflicts: the health risks of saturated fats, expertise of the risks of fat consumption, the adequate evidence of the risks of fat consumption, and framing the fat question. During the research period, the main arguments of the effects of consumption of fats have remained the same. References to epidemiological and intervention studies and framing of the fat question as a public health issue, have been ongoing, as has the definition of what constitutes genuine expertise. Yet, we also found discontinuities. In the early 2000s new emphases began to emerge: personal experiences were increasingly presented as evidence of the effects of dietary choices on human health, and the question of fat consumption was framed either as one of enjoyment or of a consumers’ right to choose rather than only being a public health question. Moreover, new professional groups such as chefs and creative professionals now joined the discussion.Peer reviewe