NOTES ON THE INFORMATION STORED IN THE LOWER LEVELS OF THE HUNGARIAN SOIL TAXONOMY

This paper examines the information transfer of the units in the general purpose Hungarian soil classification in relation to land productivity evaluations. Statistical analyses of a national soil and plant production database have been applied. Results show that in some cases soil groupings, both in the general purpose taxonomy and productivity classifications, may be incorrect. Taxonomic misclassification can occur at higher levels of soil classification. Without a more specified classification of soil characteristics in the lower taxonomic units important information can be lost

Certifying an irreducible 1024-dimensional photonic state using refined dimension witnesses

We report on a new class of dimension witnesses, based on quantum random access codes, which are a function of the recorded statistics and that have different bounds for all possible decompositions of a high-dimensional physical system. Thus, it certifies the dimension of the system and has the new distinct feature of identifying whether the high-dimensional system is decomposable in terms of lower dimensional subsystems. To demonstrate the practicability of this technique we used it to experimentally certify the generation of an irreducible 1024-dimensional photonic quantum state. Therefore, certifying that the state is not multipartite or encoded using non-coupled different degrees of freedom of a single photon. Our protocol should find applications in a broad class of modern quantum information experiments addressing the generation of high-dimensional quantum systems, where quantum tomography may become intractable.Comment: Journal version (except for small editorial modifications), 4+12 pages, 7 figure

On retracts, absolute retracts, and folds in cographs

Let G and H be two cographs. We show that the problem to determine whether H is a retract of G is NP-complete. We show that this problem is fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by the size of H. When restricted to the class of threshold graphs or to the class of trivially perfect graphs, the problem becomes tractable in polynomial time. The problem is also soluble when one cograph is given as an induced subgraph of the other. We characterize absolute retracts of cographs.Comment: 15 page

MEGJEGYZÉSEK A MAGYAR TALAJOSZTÁLYOZÁSI EGYSÉGEK INFORMÁCIÓTARTALMÁRÓL

This paper examines the information transfer of the units in the general purpose Hungarian soil classification in relation to land productivity evaluations. Statistical analyses of a national soil and plant production database have been applied. Results show that in some cases soil groupings, both in the general purpose taxonomy and productivity classifications, may be incorrect. Taxonomic misclassification can occur at higher levels of soil classification. Without a more specified classification of soil characteristics in the lower taxonomic units important information can be lost.A genetikai talajosztályozás egységeinek információ tartalma számos gyakorlati alkalmazáshoz nyújt alapot, köztük a talajbonitációhoz is. Vizsgálatainkkal arra kerestünk választ, vajon az osztályozási egységek elkülönítésére szolgáló kategória-határok valóban megfelelő felosztást eredményeznek-e, ha gyakorlati szempontból vizsgáljuk azokat. A statisztikai vizsgálatokkal nyert eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy a rendszertani kategóriák gyakran félrevezetők lehetnek a valós talajtulajdonságokat illetően, így a kategóriák interpretációs alkalmazásával nagymértékű információvesztés történhet

Effects of enzyme treatment of the microfiltration of elderberry

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of microfiltration (MF) on the antioxidant capacity of elderberry juice using ceramic membrane. Previous to MF measurements preliminary examination was achieved with different enzymes. Four different samples were prepared: one without any enzyme and three with different pectolytic enzymes. The resistances were determined using the resistance-in-series model and difference between four enzyme-treated samples are evaluated. The effect of this technology on the antioxidant component of the clarified elderberry juice has been evaluated in permeate and retentate samples. For ferric reducing antioxidant power was measured with FRAP and total phenolic content (TPC) was determined with Folin Ciocalteau reagent. The total anthocyanin content (TAC) was estimated using spectrophotometric method. Higher juice yield was obtained using enzyme compared with enzyme-free elderberry pulp. The analytical results show that the MF membrane retained the valuable components in different rate. Significant losses are believed to have occurred after the MF clarification process due to fouling layer resistance, what can be decreased with pectolytic enzymes treatment

Challenges and Answers of Urban Development Focusing Green Infrastructure in European Metropolises

Urban sprawl is a general problem of developed countries and several European strategies highlight the importance of controlled development, compact settlements structure, and protection of ecologic values. We analyzed European metropolis regions focusing on challenges of preservation of green infrastructure and controlling urban sprawl. Vienna has protected the green spaces in and around the city for a century already. In case of Munich, the “compact-urban-green” leitmotif was implemented. Rennes created a green belt around the city, protecting agricultural land and privileges high densification and the agglomeration is planned in a polycentric model. In our comparison analysis, we would like to draw the consequences for metropolitan region of Budapest for which the state adopted an act for shaping the frames of spatial development. The Urban Atlas elaborated by the European Environmental Agency helps us to compare the land development between 2006 and 2012 in the surveyed metropolis regions

A superadditivity and submultiplicativity property for cardinalities of sumsets

For finite sets of integers A1, . . . ,An we study the cardinality of the n-fold sumset A1 + · · · + An compared to those of (n − 1)-fold sumsets A1 + · · · + Ai−1 + Ai+1 + · · · + An. We prove a superadditivity and a submultiplicativity property for these quantities. We also examine the case when the addition of elements is restricted to an addition graph between the sets

A multi-detector array for high energy nuclear e+e- pair spectrosocopy

A multi-detector array has been constructed for the simultaneous measurement of energy- and angular correlation of electron-positron pairs produced in internal pair conversion (IPC) of nuclear transitions up to 18 MeV. The response functions of the individual detectors have been measured with mono-energetic beams of electrons. Experimental results obtained with 1.6 MeV protons on targets containing $^{11}$B and $^{19}$F show clear IPC over a wide angular range. A comparison with GEANT simulations demonstrates that angular correlations of $e^+e^-$ pairs of transitions in the energy range between 6 and 18 MeV can be determined with sufficient resolution and efficiency to search for deviations from IPC due to the creation and subsequent decay into $e^+e^-$ of a hypothetical short-lived neutral boson.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figure