Temas de derecho económico mexicano

1 archivo PDF (152 páginas)Obra que contribuye a colmar algunas de las lagunas académicas, con respecto al derecho económico mexicano toda vez que a partir de la década de los 80 se aprecia un giro que pone en entredicho las conclusiones, que se habían logrado en años pasados: el intervencionismo estatal, el sector público expansivo y el dinamismo del gasto, así como la regulación de la vida social, han cedido lugar a la reforma del Estado, la reestructuración paraestatal, el saneamiento de las finanzas públicas, el reequilibrio entre el poder estatal y la sociedad, y la implantación de una nueva economía fincada en la eficiencia, la productividad y la iniciativa particular

Food Autonomy within Food Sovereignty: Evidence from a Structural Model

Food sovereignty as a model to solve food problems is being used in political, economic, and agricultural thought, but academic literature does not offer insight into its impact and the dimension of food autonomy. We have chosen to study Ecuador, given that, in 2008, the country reformed its constitution and adopted the concept of food sovereignty as a right of the Ecuadorian people, being the first country to do so. In this article, we apply the multiple indicators and multiple causes model to uncover scientific findings with the observable data available, and estimate the phenomenon of food sovereignty, which will be called the latent variable. The article aims to determine the main indicators associated with a synthetic index of food sovereignty and one that integrates a measurement model. In order to meet the goal of this research, eight hypotheses are raised, of which four are confirmatory and four are exploratory. The exploratory hypotheses are given because the theoretical foundations contradict themselves in favor of and against the latent variable. The findings of the statistical model relate to inflation, cereal yield, agricultural-value added, prevalence of malnutrition, food export, and food import as causes and indicators that are part of food sovereignty

Modelos para el dispositivo ornamental de los templos surandinos: Una hipótesis de trabajo sobre la pintura mural

En el presente artículo se discute la pintura mural en el espacio geográfico sur andino realizada a fines del siglo XVII y durante el siglo XVIII, en los templos de Carabuco, Santiago de Callapa, Curahuara de Carangas, Corque, San José de Soracachi y Yocalla. Nuestro análisis se centra en las fuentes de la pintura mural, entendida esta última como un componente del dispositivo ornamental de los templos coloniales. Una característica particular de tales pinturas es el “fingimiento” de materialidades diversas, damasquinados, molduras de madera, cortinajes, para evocarlos en los muros. Para tal efecto, se propone caracterizar a las fuentes del mural a partir del concepto de “vector” para indicar diferentes procedencias de los materiales representados, entre las cuales identificamos el textil, la carpintería de madera y el azulejo.This article discusses mural paintings in the southern Andean geographical area made at the end of the 17th century and during the 18th century, in the churches of Carabuco, Santiago de Callapa, Curahuara de Carangas, Corque, San José de Soracachi and Yocalla. Our analysis focuses on the sources of mural painting, the latter being understood as a component of the ornamental device of colonial churches. A particular characteristic of such paintings is the “pretense” of different materialities, Damask fabrics, wooden moldings, curtains, to evoke them on the walls. For this purpose, it is proposed to characterize the sources of the mural from the concept of “vector” to indicate different sources of the represented materials, among which we identify the textile, the wood carpentry and the tile.Fil: Rey Márquez, Juan Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero. Instituto de Investigaciones en Arte y Cultura "Dr. Norberto Griffa"; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez Romero, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero. Instituto de Investigaciones en Arte y Cultura "Dr. Norberto Griffa"; Argentin

Effect of Terminal Groups of Dendrimers in the Complexation with Antisense Oligonucleotides and Cell Uptake

Indexación: Web of Science.Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers are the most recognized class of dendrimer. Amino-terminated (PAMAM-NH2) and hydroxyl-terminated (PAMAM-OH) dendrimers of generation 4 are widely used, since they are commercially available. Both have different properties, mainly based on their different overall charges at physiological pH. Currently, an important function of dendrimers as carriers of short single-stranded DNA has been applied. These molecules, known as antisense oligonucleotides (asODNs), are able to inhibit the expression of a target mRNA. Whereas PAMAM-NH2 dendrimers have shown to be able to transfect plasmid DNA, PAMAM-OH dendrimers have not shown the same successful results. However, little is known about their interaction with shorter and more flexible molecules such as asODNs. Due to several initiatives, the use of these neutral dendrimers as a scaffold to introduce other functional groups has been proposed. Because of its low cytotoxicity, it is relevant to understand the molecular phenomena involving these types of dendrimers. In this work, we studied the behavior of an antisense oligonucleotide in presence of both types of dendrimers using molecular dynamics simulations, in order to elucidate if they are able to form stable complexes. In this manner, we demonstrated at atomic level that PAMAM-NH2, unlike PAMAM-OH, could form a well-compacted complex with asODN, albeit PAMAM-OH can also establish stable interactions with the oligonucleotide. The biological activity of asODN in complex with PAMAM-NH2 dendrimer was also shown. Finally, we revealed that in contact with PAMAM-OH, asODN remains outside the cells as TIRF microscopy results showed, due to its poor interaction with this dendrimer and cell membranes.http://nanoscalereslett.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s11671-016-1260-

EL TALLER DE ARDITE, COÍN (MÁLAGA)

La parte más occidental de la Hoya de Málaga, la situada en la margen derecha del río Guadalhorce en su curso bajo, está constituida por tierras que rondan los 300 m. de altitud sobre el nivel del mar y que drenan sus aguas al río Grande, afluente con caudal permanente de aquel. Los límites naturales de esta zona son: el propio Guadalhorce por el este; las elevaciones de las sierras de Mijas, Alpujata y Carrucha, con más de 1.000 m. en sus cotas más altas, por el sur; las sierras de Tolox y de las Nieves, con en torno a los 2.000, por el oeste; y Sierra Prieta, con 1.500 m., y, aunque algo más alejada y baja, Sierra de las Aguas, que cierra el arco montañoso por el norte.La zona que estamos describiendo resulta ser el marco en donde se inscribe Cerro Ardite. Este se nos muestra en primera instancia, como una corta y elevada cresta rocosa que domina ampliamente los terrenos circundantes. Con sus 460 m. de altitud se comporta como la atalaya central de una extensa zona cerealística y de olivar, entre laspoblaciones de Alozaina, Tolox, Guaro y Coín. Las coordenadas geográficas del mismo son 36° 42' 00" de latitud norte y 4° 50' 19" de longitud oeste. No obstante, la zona de tallerse sitúa a 36° 42' 20" y 4° 49' 38". Este punto seria uno central en torno al que los hallazgos se dispersan por el área circundante. El lugar del yacimiento pertenece a los terrenos de la finca del Cortijo Los Frailes, del término municipal de Coín, aunque el cerro, de gran extensión, abarca parte de los términos municipales de Alozaina, Tolox, Guaro y Coín, que vienen a confluir en este punto

Surprise-induced enhancements in the associability of Pavlovian cues facilitate learning across behavior systems

Surprising violations of outcome expectancies have long been known to enhance the associability of Pavlovian cues; that is, the rate at which the cue enters into further associations. The adaptive value of such enhancements resides in promoting new learning in the face of uncertainty. However, it is unclear whether associability enhancements reflect increased associative plasticity within a particular behavior system, or whether they can facilitate learning between a cue and any arbitrary outcome, as suggested by attentional models of conditioning. Here, we show evidence consistent with the latter hypothesis. Violating the outcome expectancies generated by a cue in an appetitive setting (feeding behavior system) facilitated subsequent learning about the cue in an aversive setting (defense behavior system). In addition to shedding light on the nature of associability enhancements, our findings offer the neuroscientist a behavioral tool to dissociate their neural substrates from those of other, behavior system- or valence-specific changes. Moreover, our results present an opportunity to utilize associability enhancements to the advantage of counterconditioning procedures in therapeutic contexts.National Institute on Drug Abuse 5R00DA036561National Institute on Drug Abuse 1R15DA051795Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN) PID2019-110739 GB-I0

The history of mechanical ventilation

The aim of mechanical ventilation is to substitute physiological respiratory function. The boom of mechanical ventilation came during the XVIII century with the development of Reanimation Societies in Europe, who promoted the use of positive pressure ventilation modes. This type of ventilation caused new complications due to excessive positive pressure in the airway. Therefore, during the XIX century negative pressure ventilation predominated, which became essential during the second half of the 19th century and first half of the 20th century. Positive pressure ventilation was relegated to operating rooms until 1952, when it was imposed over negative pressure ventilation during the Copenhagen polio epidemic. Björn Ibsen contributed significantly to this change of ventilation paradigm, which led to the latest ventilation strategies and the development of the actual intensive care units

Antimicrobial and Toxic Activity of Citronella Essential Oil (Cymbopogon nardus), and Its Effect on the Growth and Metabolism of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata L.)

Aquaculture procedures usually induce stress that affects the physiological status of fish. For this reason, the inclusion of additives in fish feeds to palliate stress might be a good alternative. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) essential oil (CEO) against bacterial pathogens and to determine its dietary impact on the growth performance of Sparus aurata. In vitro tests confirmed that CEO possesses antimicrobial activity against several fish-specific pathogens. For the in vivo tests, three experimental groups were fed for 60 days with different concentrations of CEO: CTRL (0 mL kg(-1) fish feed); CEO1 (1 mL kg(-1) fish feed); and CEO2 (2 mL kg(-1) fish feed). At the end of the experiment, the physiological status was characterized. Subsequently, the specimens of the CTRL and CEO2 groups were subjected to a challenge with an injection of Poly I:C for immune stimulation. Although S. aurata individuals tolerated CEO inclusion without compromising growth performance, it significantly reduced glycogen in the CEO2 group, concomitant to an increment of total peripheral leucocytes. Moreover, different hematological profiles' responsive patterns against an inflammatory stimulus were observed. In conclusion, our results suggest that the use of CEO as a fish feed additive can prevent bacterial outbreaks and improve potential in vivo disease resistance in S. aurata without negatively affecting growth

Deshaciendo el palimpsesto: una aproximación a la secuencia cultural de la ocupación neandertal del abrigo de Navalmaíllo, Pinilla del Valle (España)

The Navalmaíllo site is a karstic rockshelter located in a mountain environment near the Lozoya river. The location of the site allows for the close monitoring of the surrounding area, for following the migrations of animals and for the temporary residence of human groups. The difficulties associated with estimating the time span of occupational processes at archaeological sites raise the problem of the synchrony and diachrony of occupations that form palimpsests. Archaeostratigraphy has revealed the integrity of the sedimentary deposit, how it has been affected by both natural agents (falling boulders and the conservation of the site) and human agents (the excavation method). The deformation of the plastic deposit is reflected in the archaeostratigraphy, but the two periods of occupation identified have been preserved and were not largely affected. The archaeostratigraphic approach has resulted in the identification of some of the taphosedimentary aspects of Layer F and in the deciphering of the cultural palimpsest, establishing the cultural sequence of occupations at the Navalmaíllo site.El yacimiento de Navalmaíllo es un abrigo kárstico localizado en un entorno de montaña cerca del río Lozoya. La ubicación del yacimiento permite un control del entorno, siguiendo las migraciones de animales y para el establecimiento temporal de los grupos humanos. Las dificultades asociadas con la temporalidad relacionada con los procesos ocupacionales de los yacimientos, desvelan la problemática vinculada a la sincronía y diacronía de las ocupaciones que componen los palimpsestos. La arqueoestratigrafía ha permitido conocer la integridad del depósito, y cómo se ha visto afectado por procesos naturales (la caída de bloques y la conservación del yacimiento) y humanos (el método de excavación). La deformación del depósito plástico ha quedado reflejada en la arqueoestratigrafía, pero los dos periodos de ocupación identificación han quedado preservados y apenas se han visto afectados por esta caída de bloques. El enfoque arqueoestratigráfico ha permitido la identificación de algunos de los aspectos tafosedimentarios del nivel F y desgranar el palimpsesto cultural, estableciendo la secuencia cultural de ocupaciones en el yacimiento de Navalmaíllo

Ulcerative Colitis Impairs the Acylethanolamide-Based Anti-Inflammatory System Reversal by 5-Aminosalicylic Acid and Glucocorticoids

Studies in animal models and humans suggest anti-inflammatory roles on the N-acylethanolamide (NAE)-peroxisome proliferators activated receptor alpha (PPARα) system in inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the presence and function of NAE-PPARα signaling system in the ulcerative colitis (UC) of humans remain unknown as well as its response to active anti-inflammatory therapies such as 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and glucocorticoids. Expression of PPARα receptor and PPARα ligands-biosynthetic (NAPE-PLD) and -degrading (FAAH and NAAA) enzymes were analyzed in untreated active and 5-ASA/glucocorticoids/immunomodulators-treated quiescent UC patients compared to healthy human colonic tissue by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses. PPARα, NAAA, NAPE-PLD and FAAH showed differential distributions in the colonic epithelium, lamina propria, smooth muscle and enteric plexus. Gene expression analysis indicated a decrease of PPARα, PPARγ and NAAA, and an increase of FAAH and iNOS in the active colitis mucosa. Immunohistochemical expression in active colitis epithelium confirmed a PPARα decrease, but showed a sharp NAAA increase and a NAPE-PLD decrease, which were partially restored to control levels after treatment. We also characterized the immune cells of the UC mucosa infiltrate. We detected a decreased number of NAAA-positive and an increased number of FAAH-positive immune cells in active UC, which were partially restored to control levels after treatment. NAE-PPARα signaling system is impaired during active UC and 5-ASA/glucocorticoids treatment restored its normal expression. Since 5-ASA actions may work through PPARα and glucocorticoids through NAE-producing/degrading enzymes, the use of PPARα agonists or FAAH/NAAA blockers that increases endogenous PPARα ligands may yield similar therapeutics advantages