The need for augmenting policies in fisheries sector

India is a country with immense fishing and culture potential. The unscientific practices carried out in this sector have led it to a chaotic condition from which it is high time to get rid off. Management of the sector in an efficient way will help its1evival from the prevailing situation. Policies are steps taken with a futuristic outlook. It's a relatively new term in the fishery sector. Policies taken in the past by European nations in the sector were well organized and adoption of such models may help to cut a new fishery policy for India. Fish and fisheries - both marine and inland - are an intrinsic part ofthe livelihoods of many in developing countrie

Visualization and Characterization of Agricultural Sprays Using Machine Learning based Digital Inline Holography

Accurate characterization of agricultural sprays is crucial to predict in field performance of liquid applied crop protection products. Here we introduce a robust and efficient machine learning (ML) based Digital In-line Holography (DIH) to accurately characterize the droplet field for a wide range of agricultural spray nozzles. Compared to non-ML methods, our method enhances accuracy, generalizability, and processing speed. Our approach employs two neural networks: a modified U-Net to obtain the 3D droplet field from the numerically reconstructed optical field, followed by a VGG16 classifier to reduce false positives from the U-Net prediction. The modified U-Net is trained using holograms generated using a single spray nozzle at three spray locations; center, half-span, and the spray edge to create training data with various number densities and droplet size ranges. VGG16 is trained via the minimum intensity projection of the droplet 3D point spread function. Data augmentation is used to increase the efficiency of classification and make the algorithm generalizable for different measurement settings. The model is validated via NIST traceable glass beads and six agricultural spray nozzles representing various spray characteristics. The results demonstrate a high accuracy rate, with over 90% droplet extraction and less than 5% false positives. Compared to traditional spray measurement techniques, our method offers a significant leap forward in spatial resolution and generalizability. In particular, our method can extract the real cumulative volume distribution of the NIST beads, where the laser diffraction is biased towards droplets moving at slower speeds. Additionally, the ML-based DIH enables the estimation of mass and momentum flux at different locations and the calculation of relative velocities of droplet pairs, which are difficult to obtain via conventional techniques.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figure

Termination of related and unrelated joint ventures: a contingency approach

Previous research has investigated various factors that influence joint venture (JV) termination. Yet the majority of studies do not distinguish between different types of JVs, particularly whether a JV is related or unrelated to the parent firm. Due to their inherent differences, related and unrelated JVs are likely to evolve distinctly, and their tendency to terminate may also differ under various conditions. This study takes a contingency approach and argues the impact of various factors on JV termination depends upon JV relatedness. An event history analysis finds increases in environmental uncertainty and higher resource complementarity reduce the likelihood that a firm will terminate unrelated JVs as compared to related JVs. Conversely parent firm performance and wider JV scope increase the likelihood that the firm will terminate unrelated JVs as compared to related JVs. The findings suggest the need to consider JV relatedness in understanding JV evolution and termination

Mapping giant magnetic fields around dense solid plasmas by high resolution magneto-optical microscopy

We investigate distribution of magnetic fields around dense solid plasmas generated by intense p-polarized laser (~10^{16} W.cm^{-2}, 100 fs) irradiation of magnetic tapes, using high sensitivity magneto optical microscopy. We present evidence for giant axial magnetic fields and map out for the first time the spatial distribution of these fields. By using the axial magnetic field distribution as a diagnostic tool we uncover evidence for angular momentum associated with the plasma. We believe this study holds significance for investigating the process under which a magnetic material magnetizes or demagnetizes under the influence of ultrashort intense laser pulses.Comment: 17 pages of text with 4 figure

Machine Learning Based Classification Model for Network Traffic Anomaly Detection

In current days, cloud environments are facing a huge challenge from the attackers in terms of various attacks thrown to the cloud service providers. In both industry and academics, the problem of detection and mitigation of DDoS attacks is now a challenging issue. Detecting Distributed Denial of Service (DDos) threats is mainly a classification problem that can be addressed using data mining, machine learning and deep learning techniques. DDoS attacks can occur in any of the seven-layer OSI model's network. Hence, detecting the DDoS attacks is an important task for cloud service providers to overcome dangerous attacks and loss incurred to stake holders and also the provider

Targeting and introduction of Chickpea improved cultivars in Bihar state of India (Tropical Legumes II Phase 2 Project)

Chickpea is one of the major pulses in Bihar, with crop yield of 1000 kg/ha, which is higher than the national average of crop yield (841 kg/ha). Despite of huge potential and comparative advantage, the crop acreage and production of chickpea in Bihar has been in declining trend. Lack of availability of seed of improved varieties, problems in marketing the produces, and insecurity and/or widespread theft of crop from the field are some of the prominent reasons. A base line survey was conducted in selected eight villages in two districts of Bihar, which was with an aim of increasing the area and production of chickpea through adoption and diffusion of improved crop varieties. This was also associated with improved management practices in target districts of Bihar. The objective of this socio-economic study on chickpeas was to appraise the existing situation of production and marketing of chickpeas in selected districts/villages of Bihar, and with respect to adoption of alternate technologies, and its impacts on crop productivity. This includes also estimation of farmers’ profitability in growing the crop. This is based on survey of sample of 135 farmers from each of the two districts; which were further divided into control and treatment groups. In 2012/13, the average yield of improved variety in adopted villages was 9.5 quintal /ha and the yield of local variety was 8.5 q/ha. The per capita income of farmers in the adopted village was more than that of control village, even though only about 54% of total household income was derived from the crop enterprise. However, the chickpea alone contributes to about Rs 9000 to 15000 per ha in the sample villages surveyed. Our study also suggests that chickpeas have a comparative advantage in Bihar than several other crops; and they are financially highly profitable in the study sites. Data pertaining to preferred traits for production, consumption and marketing indicated that those introduced varieties have been given higher yield, having better taste along with good keeping, and with better cooking quality, followed by fetching high price in the market are most preferred by all the respondents of study. Involvement of women in chickpeas production is very high, especially for harvesting and threshing activities. Major constraints in cultivation of chickpeas in the studied sites are high pod borer incidence, shortage of seed of HYV, lack of crop type suitable for flood receding agro-ecology, and lack of marketing infrastructures and storage of crops after harves

Fishers in Post-harvest Fisheries Sector in India : An Assessment of Socio-economic Status

This paper presents the results of study carried out during 2009-11, to assess literacy, health and income status of fishers in India with reference to postharvest sector which covered fishers in marketing and processing. The study covered five states and one union territory, covering 11 districts reaching 548 households. About 52.19% of the respondents fell in the age group of 36-55. The average male- female ratio was 1.03 and 66.61% of the families were in the small family category of 2-4 members. It was observed that the literacy rates among fishers in post-harvest sector in different states ranged from 63.74 to 95.81%. In general, the literacy rates were comparable to the national average. Maternal and child mortality were low in the sample studied and the average birth weight of infants was 2.68 kg. The average monthly income was Rs. 7027.45 with a daily income of Rs. 234.25. About 44.70% of the households had no savings and 47.81% of households were in debt

A VALIDATED NORMAL PHASE CHIRAL LC METHOD FOR THE ENANTIOMERIC SEPARATION OF SERTRALINE AND ITS Cis-(1R, 4R) ENANTIOMER ON AMYLOSE BASED STATIONARY PHASE

ABSTRACT A simple and rapid chiral liquid chromatographic method was developed for the enantiomeric separation of Sertraline hydrochloride (cis-(1S, 4S)-4-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-amine hydrochloride) and its undesired cis-enantiomer (cis-(1R, 4R)-4-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-amine hydrochloride). Superior resolution between Sertraline and its cis-(1R, 4R) enantiomer was achieved on amylase based Chiralpak AD-H (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm particle size) column using hexane, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol and diethyl amine (850:100:50:0.1 v/v/v/v) as mobile phase at 25 °C temperature. Flow rate was kept as 1.0 ml/min and elution was monitored at 215 nm. The sample concentration was 0.3 mg/ml. The effects of the mobile phase composition, the flow rate and the temperature on the chromatographic separation were investigated. Developed method is capable to detect (LOD) and quantitate (LOQ) cis-(1R, 4R) enantiomer to the levels of 30 and 120 ng/ml respectively, for 10 µl injection volume. The percentage RSD of the peak area of six replicate injections of cis-(1R, 4R) enantiomer at LOQ concentration was 4.9. The percentage recoveries of cis-(1R, 4R) enantiomer from Sertraline were ranged from 93.8 to 103.9. The test solution and mobile phase was observed to be stable up to 24 h after the preparation. The developed method was validated with respect to limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision, linearity, accuracy, robustness and ruggedness