End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Haemodialysis in Gezira State Central Sudan; Aetiology and Iron Status

Background: This cross sectional study was conducted to determine the possible causes of chronic renal failure (CRF) and to monitor the iron status in order to reduce the mortality and morbidity in dialysis patients. Resluts: Sixty eight CRF patients (36 men and 32 women) on regular haemodialysis were included in this study. Their mean age was 45.4 ± 17.8 years. Diabetes nephropathy (29%) was the commonest cause of CRF, followed by hypertension (21%), Glomerulonephritis (15%), Severe malaria (13%) and the least common one was polycystic kidney (3%). The mean serum iron was 57.7 ± 27.9 ng/ml, mean serum ferritin was 221.0 ± 170.1 ng/ml, and transferrin saturation (TSAT) was 22.8 ± 24.3%. Using TSAT, 15 (22.1%) patients had adequate (or normal) iron status (25.9 ± 4.4; 284.6 ± 111.0), 53 (77.9%) patients had iron deficiency (13.8 ± 2.6; 88.8 ± 37.7) and none had iron overload. Conclusion: Our study suggests that, diabetes and hypertension are the conditions requiring strategies for prevention and treatment, and iron status of most cases is poor

The Accuracy of FNAC for Diagnosis of Breast Carcinoma in Gezira State, Central Sudan

Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in many countries worldwide and breast lesions remain a common diagnostic dilemma. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been suggested as the most important, first line, minimally invasive procedure in the management of patients with breast lesions. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic efficacy of breast FNAC in patients with breast lesions compared with that of the definitive histological diagnasis. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital-based retrospective study of 112 breast FNAC samples were carried out at Cancer Institute in Medani Gezira state.  FNAC findings were correlated with data from histopathology records to determine the sensitivity and specificity of FNAC. Results: Age group of the patients ranged from 26 to 80 years with mean of 42 years. Among the study subjects (112 case), ductal carcinoma is the common hitological finding 83/88 (94%). According to the cytology, 79% were malignant, 4% were benign and 2% were suspicious. Histological correlation was done in 68 cases. The overall diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was 92.3%, with sensitivity and specificity of 89.2% and 66.5% respectively.  Conclusion: FNAC of breast is asimple, cost effective and less traumatic method for diagnosing breast cancer. It is highly sensitive and accurate, and can reduce the needs for open biopsies. It is recommended that FNAC should be used as a first line method for determining the nature of breast lumps. &nbsp

Hypopharyngeal Leishmaniasis: A case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Leishmaniasis is classified into three clinical patterns: visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous.The latter are sporadically reported in Sudan and may not accompany the visceral type. Laryngeal symptoms including dysphagia may mimic oesophageal malignancy. Early detection and proper diagnosis are of great help in the cure and prognosis of the disease. Case report: We reported a case of primary isolated (the nasal mucosa was not involved) Hypophangeal Leishmaniasis in an immunocompetent Sudanese patient presenting with dysphonia, odynophagia and progressive dysphagia. Conclusion: Leishmaniasis should be suspected in all patients presenting with laryngeal symptoms in patients coming from endemic areas

Nonspecific colitis a forgotten entity in Central Sudan

Background: Nonspecific colitis is an inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) that runs a clinically benign course. Histopathologically it is characterized by superficial mucosal erosions with lymphocytic infiltration in the lamina propria with no granuloma. Aim of this study: is to describe the clinical presentation of Non-Specific Colitis (NSC), and to evaluate its response to 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) in Sudanese patients.Setting and Design: This study is a prospective cohort. A total of 26 patients presenting with bloody, mucoid diarrhoea, lower abdominal pain or colonic mass were included in the study.Methods and Materials: A total of 26 patients presenting with bloody mucoid diarrhoea, lower abdominal pain with or without colonic mass were included in the study. All patients underwent colonoscopy. Statistical analysis: A descriptive statistical analysis was done using SPSS.Results: 19 (%) of patients were males and 7 were females with male to female ratio of 3:1. The majority of patients 16 (61.6%) had bloody diarrhea while 18 (69.2%) opened their bowel 4-6 times a day. The majority 10 (38.8%) had rectum and sigmoid involvement. All patients showed a good response to 5-ASA.Conclusions: This study showed that NSC has clinical features that are very much similar to mild UC with a rather good clinical response to oral 5-ASA.Keywords: Nonspecific colitis, indeterminate colitis, 5-aminosaclyic acid

The use of high resolution ECG and Heart rate variability methods in diagnosing of myocardial electrical instability in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Work is devoted to research dynamics of parameters of high resolution ECG (HRECG) and heart rate variability (HVR) methods in patients with acute coronary syndrome in determining myocardial electrical instability and disease trend the carried out. The researches have shown that, the HRECG and HRV variables in acute coronary syndrome, patients have various possible changes, which correlate with the severity of the current disease

The use of high resolution ECG and heart rate variability methods in diagnosing of myocardial electrical instability in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Work is devoted to research dynamics of parameters of high resolution ECG (HRECG) and heart rate variability (HVR) methods in patients with acute coronary syndrome in determining myocardial electrical instability and disease trend the carried out. The researches have shown that, the HRECG and HRV variables in acute coronary syndrome, patients have various possible changes, which correlate with the severity of the current disease

The Effect of Various Factors on the Emulsifying Stability of Gums- a Comparative Study

     Emulsifying stability of Acacia polyacantha gum has been studied  in  comparison  with  other  Acacia  species, such  as A. senegal and A seyal.It could be concluded that addition of protein improved  the  emulsifying  stability of the gum. Increasing  of concentration  (0.05% to 0.4%) increases the emulsifying stability of all the three gums. Blend of A. polyacantha and A. seyal that contain  25%  A.  polyacantha  and 75% A. seyal was found to possess superior properties (1.04) compared to parent polyacantha gum (0.97). It has been demonstrated that the high molecular weight protein rich fraction of the gum is preferentially adsorbed to the oil phase during emulsification process. The emulsifying stability  of divalent  ions  was  high for calcium polyacanthate, calcium    senegalate   and   calcium   seyalate,  while  that  of monovalent  ions  was  low  for sodium polyacanthate, sodium senegalate  and sodium  seyalate. It was clear that with increase in PH values up to (9), the emulsifying stability decreases (0.95), increasing  the  time  of  stirring (l — 5min),  it  increased  the emulsifying   stability   (0.93 to 1.03). The  rise  in  temperature (450C- 850C) (0.99 0.76) resulted in declining the emulsifying stability of the gum

Использование методов ЭКГ высокого разрешения и вариабельности сердечного ритма в оценке электрической нестабильности миокарда у пациентов с острым коронарным синдромом

Work is devoted to research dynamics of parameters of high resolution ECG (HRECG) and heart rate variability (HVR) methods in patients with acute coronary syndrome in determining myocardial electrical instability and disease trend the carried out. The researches have shown that, the HRECG and HRV variables in acute coronary syndrome, patients have various possible changes, which correlate with the severity of the current disease.Работа посвящена исследованию динамики показателей ЭКГ высокого разрешения и вариабельности сердечного ритма у больных острым коронарным синдромом для оценки электрической нестабильности миокарда и тяжести течения заболевания. Проведенное исследование показало, что параметры имеют различные варианты изменений, которые коррелируют с тяжестью течения заболевания