18,199 research outputs found
A VIEW FROM THE GROUND: A REFORM GROUP’S PERSPECTIVE ON THE ONGOING EFFORT TO ACHIEVE MERIT SELECTION OF JUDGES
This article describes the history of judicial selection in the state of Pennsylvania. It describes the judicial selection reform movement and the growth of the organization Pennsylvanians for Modern Courts ( PMC ) which devises solutions to meet the various challenges to judicial integrity in Pennsylvania. It focuses on the merit system that PMC has been trying to achieve for Pennsylvania\u27s appellate courts
Low thrust rocket test facility
A low thrust chemical rocket test facility has recently become operational at the NASA-Lewis. The new facility is used to conduct both long duration and performance tests at altitude over a thruster's operating envelope using hydrogen and oxygen gas for propellants. The facility provides experimental support for a broad range of objectives, including fundamental modeling of fluids and combustion phenomena, the evaluation of thruster components, and life testing of full rocket designs. The major mechanical and electrical systems are described along with aspects of the various optical diagnostics available in the test cell. The electrical and mechanical systems are designed for low down time between tests and low staffing requirements for test operations. Initial results are also presented which illustrate the various capabilities of the cell
Quantum Monte Carlo Calculations of Light Nuclei Using Chiral Potentials
We present the first Green's function Monte Carlo calculations of light
nuclei with nuclear interactions derived from chiral effective field theory up
to next-to-next-to-leading order. Up to this order, the interactions can be
constructed in a local form and are therefore amenable to quantum Monte Carlo
calculations. We demonstrate a systematic improvement with each order for the
binding energies of and systems. We also carry out the first
few-body tests to study perturbative expansions of chiral potentials at
different orders, finding that higher-order corrections are more perturbative
for softer interactions. Our results confirm the necessity of a three-body
force for correct reproduction of experimental binding energies and radii, and
pave the way for studying few- and many-nucleon systems using quantum Monte
Carlo methods with chiral interactions.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables. Updated references. Cosmetic changes to
figures, tables, and equations; added a sentence clarifying the
correspondence between our real-space cutoffs and momentum-space cutoffs.
Other sentences were reworded for clarit
Analyzing the Fierz Rearrangement Freedom for Local Chiral Two-Nucleon Potentials
Chiral effective field theory is a framework to derive systematic nuclear
interactions. It is based on the symmetries of quantum chromodynamics and
includes long-range pion physics explicitly, while shorter-range physics is
expanded in a general operator basis. The number of low-energy couplings at a
particular order in the expansion can be reduced by exploiting the fact that
nucleons are fermions and therefore obey the Pauli exclusion principle. The
antisymmetry permits the selection of a subset of the allowed contact operators
at a given order. When local regulators are used for these short-range
interactions, however, this "Fierz rearrangement freedom" is violated. In this
paper, we investigate the impact of this violation at leading order (LO) in the
chiral expansion. We construct LO and next-to-leading order (NLO) potentials
for all possible LO-operator pairs and study their reproduction of phase
shifts, the He ground-state energy, and the neutron-matter energy at
different densities. We demonstrate that the Fierz rearrangement freedom is
partially restored at NLO where subleading contact interactions enter. We also
discuss implications for local chiral three-nucleon interactions.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
Antiferromagnetic Order of the Ru and Gd in Superconducting RuSr2GdCu2O8
Neutron diffraction has been used to study the magnetic order in
RuSr{2}GdCu2O8. The Ru moments order antiferromagnetically at T{N}=136(2)K,
coincident with the previously reported onset of ferromagnetism. Neighboring
spins are antiparallel in all three directions, with a low T moment of 1.18(6)
mu {B} along the c-axis. Our measurements put an upper limit of ~0.1 mu{B} to
any net zero-field moment, with fields exceeding ~0.4T needed to induce a
measurable magnetization. The Gd ions order independently at T{N}=2.50(2)K with
the same spin configuration. PACS numbers: 74.72.Jt, 75.25.+z, 74.25.Ha,
75.30.KzComment: Four pages, Latex, 5 eps figure
Spin Dynamics of the Magnetoresistive Pyrochlore Tl_2Mn_2O_7
Neutron scattering has been used to study the magnetic order and spin
dynamics of the colossal magnetoresistive pyrochlore Tl_2Mn_2O_7. On cooling
from the paramagnetic state, magnetic correlations develop and appear to
diverge at T_C (123 K). In the ferromagnetic phase well defined spin waves are
observed, with a gapless ( meV) dispersion relation E=Dq^{2} as
expected for an ideal isotropic ferromagnet. As T approaches T_C from low T,
the spin waves renormalize, but no significant central diffusive component to
the fluctuation spectrum is observed in stark contrast to the
La(Ca,Ba,Sr)MnO system. These results argue strongly that the
mechanism responsible for the magnetoresistive effect has a different origin in
these two classes of materials.Comment: 4 pages (RevTex), 4 figures (encapsulated postscript), to be
published in Phys. Rev. Let
First-order nature of the ferromagnetic phase transition in (La-Ca)MnO_3 near optimal doping
Neutron scattering has been used to study the nature of the ferromagnetic
transition in single crystals of La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO_3 and La_0.8Ca_0.2MnO_3, and
polycrystalline samples of La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO_3 and La_5/8Ca_3/8MnO_3 where the
naturally occurring O-16 can be replaced with the O-18 isotope. Small angle
neutron scattering on the x=0.3 single crystal reveals a discontinuous change
in the scattering at the Curie temperature for wave vectors below ~0.065 A^-1.
Strong relaxation effects are observed for this domain scattering, for the
magnetic order parameter, and for the quasielastic scattering, demonstrating
that the transition is not continuous in nature. There is a large oxygen
isotope effect observed for the T_C in the polycrystalline samples. For the
optimally doped x=3/8 sample we observed T_C(O-16)=266.5 K and T_C(O-18)=261.5
K at 90% O-18 substitution. The temperature dependence of the spin-wave
stiffness is found to be identical for the two samples despite changes in T_C.
Hence, T_C is not solely determined by the magnetic subsystem, but instead the
ferromagnetic phase is truncated by the formation of polarons which cause an
abrupt transition to the paramagnetic, insulating state. Application of
uniaxial stress in the x=0.3 single crystal sharply enhances the polaron
scattering at room temperature. Measurements of the phonon density-of-states
show only modest differences above and below T_C and between the two different
isotopic samples.Comment: 13 pages, 16 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Chiral Three-Nucleon Interactions in Light Nuclei, Neutron- Scattering, and Neutron Matter
We present quantum Monte Carlo calculations of light nuclei, neutron-
scattering, and neutron matter using local two- and three-nucleon ()
interactions derived from chiral effective field theory up to
next-to-next-to-leading order (NLO). The two undetermined low-energy
couplings are fit to the He binding energy and, for the first time, to the
spin-orbit splitting in the neutron- -wave phase shifts.
Furthermore, we investigate different choices of local -operator structures
and find that chiral interactions at NLO are able to simultaneously
reproduce the properties of systems and of neutron matter, in
contrast to commonly used phenomenological interactions.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table - updated version: small wording changes,
one reference chang
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