4 research outputs found
MetsasÔbra meelespea
Hea lugeja!
Hoiad kÀes Eestimaa Looduse Fondis koostatud raamatut meie
metsade loodusest. Raamatu eesmÀrk on pakkuda taustateadmisi
inimestele, kes teevad vÔi plaanivad metsas raietöid. Olgu
see langetustraktori roolis istuv metsatööline, mootorsaage kÀes hoidev
talumetsamajandaja vÔi hoopis enamiku ajast kontorilaua taga istuv erametsa
omanik. Raamat annab ĂŒlevaate erinevatest liikidest, aitab neid Ă€ra
tunda ja otsustada, kuidas metsa raiuda nii, et see metsaelanikele kÔige
sobivam oleks.
Raamatu eessÔna on kirjutanud metsaökoloogia professor Kalev JÔgiste,
kes annab metsas toimetavale inimesele laiema, lausa globaalse vaate
selle kohta, millise vÀÀrtusega on loodusliku mitmekesisuse sÀilitamine
igal metsalapil. Raamatu sisupeatĂŒkkide kirjutamise juures pĂŒĂŒdsime vĂ€lja
tuua kÔige olulisema ja praktilisema teadmise, selleks on meil abiks olnud
liigieksperdid ja loodusteadlased nii ĂŒlikoolidest kui ka keskkonnaorganisatsioonidest.
PeatĂŒkkide lĂ”pus ja raamatu kokkuvĂ”ttes on antud soovitusi
metsas raietööde tegemiseks.
Loodame, et raamat aitab kaasa metsaliikide hingeelu paremale mÔistmisele
ja sellele, et mÔistmise kaudu paraneksid ka liikide eluvÔimalused
Eesti metsas.
Eestimaa Looduse Fond on huvitatud raamatu kasutajate tagasisidest ja
koostööst metsamajandajatega metsaliikide kaitseks. Ootame teie mÔtteid
ja ettepanekuid e-posti aadressil [email protected].
Suurt lugemishuvi soovides Indrek Sell, Eestimaa Looduse Fondi metsaekspert; Silvia Lotman, Eestimaa Looduse Fondi juhatuse esimees.EessĂ”na. Meid ĂŒmbritsev loodus ja ökoloogiline teadmine selle kohta on
omandanud keskse koha inimese eksistentsiaalsetes kĂŒsimustes.
Inimtegevuse mĂ”ju loodusele on sageli ĂŒsna hĂ€vitav, inimese
elamisruum ja vajadus metsasaaduste jÀrele suruvad looduslikku maailma
tahaplaanile.
Globaliseerumine on omandanud sellise ulatuse, et suur osa inimtegevusest
muutub tulevikus standardiseerituks. See haarab ka materjalivajadust â
arenenud tehnoloogiad kasutavad loodusvarasid viisil, mis aina kaugendab
inimest otsesest kokkupuutest loodusega. Isegi raietöid tegev metsatööline
vaatab ĂŒmbritsevale maailmale konditsioneeritud harvesterikabiinist.
Virtuaalne maailm lubab suure osa looduse infost talletada ja kasutatav
teadmine piirdub vaid sellega, mida meil vaja on. Paraku kÀib standardsete
tehnoloogiatega kaasas ka vajadus sĂŒsteeme lihtsustada, et hoida tehnoloogiad
lihtsad ja odavad. Kas aga see lihtne ja odav alati tagab meie eksistentsi?
Energiavajadus on kÀivitanud protsessi, kus kogu meie kasutatav energia ei
lĂ€he oma vanasse kohta tagasi, vaid otsib uue koha, viies senitoiminud sĂŒsteemid
tasakaalust vÀlja. Kindlasti asub loodus ise tasakaalu otsima, kuidas
see aga mÔjutab inimest ja mis juhtub siis, kui uus tasakaalupunkt on meie
jaoks midagi hoopis erinevat senituntud loodusest?
Metsade hÀiringuid on vaadeldud kui ahelreaktsioone: inimese vallandatud
tegurid kĂ€ivitavad uut tĂŒĂŒpi hĂ€iringureĆŸiimid, mis omakorda suurendavad
sĂŒsiniku paiskumist atmosfÀÀri (tulekahjud, tormid). Mida me saaksime
teha, et selle pendli liikumist aeglustada ja toimida nii, et see tasakaalust
vĂ€ga palju vĂ€lja ei langeks? Peame otsima neid loodusliku dĂŒnaamika elemente, mis leevendavad meie
otsest ja ka kaudset mĂ”ju ökosĂŒsteemile. Kaasaja sertifi tseeritud metsamajanduses
on eriliselt rÔhutatud sÀilikelementide olulisust taastuvale
metsaökosĂŒsteemile. SĂ€ilikpuud ja lamapuit pakuvad elupaika tuhandetele
liikidele, juhul kui toimub drastiline muutus ökosĂŒsteemis. Ja isegi siis, kui
muutus on suure ulatuse ja pikaajalise mÔjuga, on vÔimalik looduslikul
vastusmehhanismil oma tarkust rakendada.
Raamatus on kirjeldatud palju haruldasi liike, mida mitmekesisuse tagamiseks
on vaja kaitsta. Just mitmekesisust on meil vaja, et astuda vastu sageli
raskesti ennustatavale tulevikule. Sellele aitab kaasa ka looduslÀhedane
metsamajandus, mis sÀilitab loodusele lÀhedasi muutuste vastusmehhanisme.
Kalev JĂ”giste, metsaökoloogia professorRaamat on valminud projekti âELFi ja teiste keskkonnaĂŒhenduste metsanduspoliitikaalase
eestkostesuutlikkuse tĂ”stmineâ raames, projekti rahastas Euroopa Majanduspiirkonna
2009â2014 toetuste VabaĂŒhenduste Fond Avatud Eesti Fondi vahendusel
Pan-European Distribution of White-Nose Syndrome Fungus (Geomyces destructans) Not Associated with Mass Mortality
BACKGROUND: The dramatic mass mortalities amongst hibernating bats in Northeastern America caused by "white nose-syndrome" (WNS) continue to threaten populations of different bat species. The cold-loving fungus, Geomyces destructans, is the most likely causative agent leading to extensive destruction of the skin, particularly the wing membranes. Recent investigations in Europe confirmed the presence of the fungus G. destructans without associated mass mortality in hibernating bats in six countries but its distribution remains poorly known. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We collected data on the presence of bats with white fungal growth in 12 countries in Europe between 2003 and 2010 and conducted morphological and genetic analysis to confirm the identity of the fungus as Geomyces destructans. Our results demonstrate the presence of the fungus in eight countries spanning over 2000 km from West to East and provide compelling photographic evidence for its presence in another four countries including Romania, and Turkey. Furthermore, matching prevalence data of a hibernaculum monitored over two consecutive years with data from across Europe show that the temporal occurrence of the fungus, which first becomes visible around February, peaks in March but can still be seen in some torpid bats in May or June, is strikingly similar throughout Europe. Finally, we isolated and cultured G. destructans from a cave wall adjacent to a bat with fungal growth. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: G. destructans is widely found over large areas of the European continent without associated mass mortalities in bats, suggesting that the fungus is native to Europe. The characterisation of the temporal variation in G. destructans growth on bats provides reference data for studying the spatio-temporal dynamic of the fungus. Finally, the presence of G. destructans spores on cave walls suggests that hibernacula could act as passive vectors and/or reservoirs for G. destructans and therefore, might play an important role in the transmission process
Pan-European Distribution of White-Nose Syndrome Fungus (Geomyces destructans) Not Associated with Mass Mortality
The dramatic mass mortalities amongst hibernating bats in Northeastern America caused by âwhite nose-syndromeâ (WNS) continue to threaten populations of different bat species. The cold-loving fungus, Geomyces destructans, is the most likely causative agent leading to extensive destruction of the skin, particularly the wing membranes. Recent investigations in Europe confirmed the presence of the fungus G. destructans without associated mass mortality in hibernating bats in six countries but its distribution remains poorly known. We collected data on the presence of bats with white fungal growth in 12 countries in Europe between 2003 and 2010 and conducted morphological and genetic analysis to confirm the identity of the fungus as Geomyces destructans. Our results demonstrate the presence of the fungus in eight countries spanning over 2000 km from West to East and provide compelling photographic evidence for its presence in another four countries including Romania, and Turkey. Furthermore, matching prevalence data of a hibernaculum monitored over two consecutive years with data from across Europe show that the temporal occurrence of the fungus, which first becomes visible around February, peaks in March but can still be seen in some torpid bats in May or June, is strikingly similar throughout Europe. Finally, we isolated and cultured G. destructans from a cave wall adjacent to a bat with fungal growth. G. destructans is widely found over large areas of the European continent without associated mass mortalities in bats, suggesting that the fungus is native to Europe. The characterisation of the temporal variation in G. destructans growth on bats provides reference data for studying the spatio-temporal dynamic of the fungus. Finally, the presence of G. destructans spores on cave walls suggests that hibernacula could act as passive vectors and/or reservoirs for G. destructans and therefore, might play an important role in the transmission process