Procedimentos, Normas E Directrizes Do Atendimento Das Pessoas Que Vivem Com o Virus DaImunodificiencia Humana

Os avanços conseguidos em matéria de terapêutica anti-retroviral fazem com que a associação entre o tratamento e a prevenção seja um aspecto fundamental da resposta à epidemia. Neste sentido o Ministério da Saúde aprovou o documento “Política de cuidados integrados às pessoas que vivem com o VIH”, em Julho de 2004, que constitui a base da organização do atendimento, e determina a elaboração de protocolos de terapêutica anti-retroviral e de abordagem das infecções/doenças oportunistas e de um manual de procedimentos. O presente documento pretende ser um manual para orientar as actuações dos técnicos de Saúde no atendimento dos pacientes com infecção VIH definindo as regras para o diagnóstico, seguimento e notificação dos casosMinistério de Saúd

What Factors Drive Faithful Financial Reporting by Subnational Governments? Insights from Switzerland

Using the context of the 26 Swiss subnational governments, this paper aims to empirically identify factors driving—or not—the use of accounting and reporting standards aimed to increase financial faithfulness. Because the 26 entities had a certain autonomy, as they jointly implemented two major successive accounting reforms over the past forty years, policy outcomes were heterogeneous. Findings suggest that both citizen demand and government supply-side factors contribute to explaining the extent to which each entity’s policy led to a faithful reporting. This paper thus highlights some of the challenges in implementing supranational (e.g., IPSAS, EPSAS) or national accounting standards at lower tiers, when governments have some leeway over the process, while yet facing strong democratic scrutiny

Predictors of improvement in observed functional ability in patients with fibromyalgia as an outcome of rehabilitation

OBJECTIVE: To investigate predictors of improvement in observed ability to manage activities of daily living as an outcome of rehabilitation in fibromyalgia.METHODS: Exploratory analyses used data from the Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation and Evaluation Programme for Patients with Chronic Widespread Pain (the IMPROvE study); a randomized controlled trial including 191 females with fibromyalgia randomized (1:1) to rehabilitation or a waiting list. The primary outcome was observed activities of daily living ability evaluated with the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) 6 months post-intervention.RESULTS: Overall, 38.7% of subjects were AMPS responders, i.e. having a clinically meaningful improvement in AMPS activities of daily living ability measures at 6 months post-intervention. In the exploratory analysis, only 4 baseline variables out of the 52 analysed showed a statistically significant interaction with treatment allocation (at the 0.05 level) indicating possible predictive value. Statistical analyses that used continuous variables dichotomized at the median suggested a predictive value of a low intake of weak and strong analgesics, and a high score of current pain and total score on the Pain Detect Questionnaire.CONCLUSION: The results of this exploratory study suggest that several subgroups of patients, specifically those with a low baseline intake of weak and strong analgesics, and more pronounced clinical signs of central sensitization, may gain most clinical benefit from specialized rehabilitation when the outcome of interest is improvement in observed activity of daily living ability.</p

Nymphs and Nymphomania: Mythological Medicine and Classical Nudity in Nineteenth Century Britain

The concept of women being overwhelmed by excessive sexual desire had been present in medical discourse for a long time, but the nineteenth century saw a shift from describing this using the term ‘Furor Uterinus’ to ‘Nymphomania’. In this paper I will investigate the significance behind this change and explore how myth influenced medicine to tackle the question of why ‘Nymphomania’ became the preferred term for excessive female sexuality in the 19th century. I will consider the connections between artistic depictions of nymphs and medical descriptions of nymphomaniacs, whilst exploring the etymology of ‘Nymphomania’ and ambiguous uses of Latin and Greek in the history of medicine. This essay is in the field of Classical Reception Studies, looking at the uses and abuses of Roman and Ancient Greek cultural material in later historical periods. I will focus on the multiplicity of meanings of the nymph in the Classical world, from the religious to the erotic, and the resonances of her image in 19th century Britain in the form of female nude paintings exhibited within the specific social context of attitudes towards female art models, prostitution and pornography. I will look at nude paintings of Classical nymphs as a way of accessing hidden sexual discourses and examine to what extent paintings of nymphs were also paintings of nymphomaniacs

The relationship of health/food literacy and salt awareness to daily sodium and potassium intake among a workplace population in Switzerland

Background and aims: High sodium (Na) and low potassium (K) intake are associated with hypertension and CVD risk. This study explored the associations of health literacy (HL), food literacy (FL), and salt awareness with salt intake, K intake, and Na/K ratio in a workplace intervention trial in Switzerland. Methods and results: The study acquired baseline data from 141 individuals, mean age 44.6 years. Na and K intake were estimated from a single 24-h urine collection. We applied validated instruments to assess HL and FL, and salt awareness. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the association of explanatory variables with salt intake, K intake, and Na/K. Mean daily salt intake was 8.9 g, K 3.1 g, and Na/K 1.18. Salt intake was associated with sex (p <0.001), and K intake with sex (p <0.001), age (p = 0.02), and waist-to-height ratio (p = 0.03), as was Na/K. HL index and FL score were not significantly associated with salt or K intake but the awareness variable "salt content impacts food/menu choice" was associated with salt intake (p = 0.005). Conclusion: To achieve the established targets for population Na and K intake, health-related knowledge, abilities, and skills related to Na/salt and K intake need to be promoted through combined educational and structural interventions. (C) 2017 The Italian Society of Diabetology, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Three Essays on the Faithful Reporting of Financial Information in the Public Sector: Insights from Switzerland

SUMMARY: First, this study develops an index-based methodology that makes it possible to accurately assess, on a quantitative level, the degree of faithfulness of financial information in light of the accrual-based accounting and reporting standards set by a government. Second, it identifies some of the key determinants of faithful financial reporting in a democratic context where the different—and potentially conflicting—views of both citizens (as demanders of public financial information) and governments (as suppliers of public financial information) need to be considered when setting or reforming the legal framework that defines the standards used for accounting and reporting purposes. Third, it provides new insights into how accrual-based accounting and reporting standards can positively affect a government’s financial performance and thereby reduce its deficit. Various innovative theoretical and methodological approaches are used to achieve these goals, while novel data are generated and exploited at the level of the Swiss cantonal governments. -- RÉSUMÉ: Premièrement, cette thèse élabore une méthodologie basée sur un indice permettant d'évaluer le degré de fiabilité de l'information financière présentée dans les comptes publics, selon les normes comptables fondées sur la comptabilité d'exercice définies par un gouvernement. Deuxièmement, elle met en évidence certains des principaux facteurs déterminant cette fiabilité des comptes publics dans un contexte démocratique, où il faut concilier les points de vue parfois divergents des citoyens (en tant que demandeurs d'information financière publique) et des gouvernements (en tant que fournisseurs de l'information financière publique). Troisièmement, elle montre comment la fiabilité des comptes publics peut améliorer la performance financière d'un gouvernement et contribuer à la réduction de son déficit. Pour ce faire, cette étude utilise des approches théoriques et méthodologiques variées, tout en s'appuyant sur de nouvelles données issues des 26 cantons suisses

Sport and Behavior

In the last decade, postural gymnastics has fully entered, to be part of educational and re-educational quellemetodiche which offer a wide range of operating conditions in the various sporting disciplines. The posture that is assumed spontaneously reveals the true self of the person in a particular circumstance, in a determined moment; that's why anatomical, biomechanical and kinesiological evaluations should be considered of anthropological and psychological nature.Keywords: postural pattern, postural gymnastics, Mezieres Method, vertebral pain, tonic muscle, mitotic reflex, etc

Evaluation of Rhythmic Ability: Trends and Prospects

The pace is an essential component of all biological activities and is represented by a physical manifestation that is repeated regularly along same or different timing intervals. Because of the complexity and many of its components, the concept of rhythm comes interpreted in different ways and diversity of its meanings creates a terminological mess. In fact, rhythmic can be connected to any organized human expression (architectural rhythms, color rhythms, musical rhythms etc.), or with natural biological events (circadian rhythms, evolutionary rhythms respiratory rhythms, Peristalsis rhythms etc.) In general, the rate is linked to the concept of time, but in musical theory, two terms are represented in different meanings. With long term implication is thought to be the Partial symbol (3/4, 4/4, 6/8 etc.) Placed at the beginning of each section, which shows the number and amount of time and the principal grades. Time is a sequence of musical sounds of the same duration and time constitutes the base structure, called by some authors as the superior hierarchical structure of rhythm (1). While the pace comes defined as a set of tones of varying length pause; This is the division or a number of times indicated by time base part (2), and thus is characterized by different ratios of time between grades. The pace is characterized by an alternation of strong and weak accents, composed of sounds with greater intensity or length falling at intervals more or less regular.Keywords: circadian rhythms, evolutionary rhythms, respiratory rhythms, Peristalsis rhythms, etc

Assessing How Much Governmental Accounting Standards Converge with IPSAS : A new methodology applied to Switzerland

The aim of this paper is to suggest a new index-based methodology for more accurately measuring the convergence of governmental accounting standards with International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) true and fair’s approach. The study focuses on the case of Switzerland by assessing the accounting standards established by the 26 cantons under two major reforms implemented between 1980 and 2018. Using the MACBETH multiple criteria decision analysis, we show that weighting index criteria to assess the convergence of homegrown accounting standards improves the measurement. However, this does not substantially change the conclusions drawn from the results obtained by the different cantons when index criteria are all considered to be equally important