La mirada latina sobre la psicología positiva

El siguiente trabajo intenta mostrar el avance que presenta Latinoamérica en cuanto al estudio y aplicación de temáticas relacionadas con la Psicología Positiva (PP). Por un lado, se pretendió describir cómo ha surgido el interés en PP en algunos países de Latinoamérica como Argentina, Perú, México, entre otros. Por otro lado, se analizaron los resultados de un rastrillaje realizado en el cual verifica el cúmulo de trabajos y pruebas psicológicas desarrolladas en la región, principalmente teniendo en cuenta los pilares de la PP propuestos por Seligman (2002, 2009): las emociones positivas, los rasgos positivos, las instituciones positivas y los vínculos positivos (la vida social). México, Chile, Brasil y Argentina, parecen ser los países con mayor productividad. Las temáticas frecuentemente estudiadas están en relación con el bienestar psicológico, las relaciones interpersonales y las intervenciones psicoterapéuticas. Palabras clave: Psicología positiva, pilares, evaluación, Latinoamérica.The present article aims to describe the progress of the study and application of Positive Psychology (PP) in Latin America. On one hand, it is described how the interest in PP has emerged in some Latin American countries such as Argentina, Peru and Mexico, among others. On the other hand, results of a literature review which explore the development of psychological assessments in the region are presented according to PP pillars proposed by Seligman (2002, 2009): positive emotions, positive traits, positive institutions and positive relationships (social life). Mexico, Chile, Brazil and Argentina appeared to be the countries with the highest levels of scientific production related to PP and the topics most frequently studied are psychological well-being, interpersonal relationships and psychotherapeutic interventions.Fil: Castro Solano, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Palermo; ArgentinaFil: Lupano Perugini, Maria Laura. Universidad de Palermo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Preliminary study on effect of agricultural activities in pollen spectrum of argentinean honey

Honey floral origin is determined by the harversting region, but anthropogenic factors as agriculture expansion might modify the environmental flora and consequently honey floral origin. Argentina is one of the most important honey producers worldwide which, since the 1990s, has undergone an important agriculture transformation by the adoption of transgenic crops like soybean (Glycine max). However, little is known about the effects of this anthropogenic activity on the floral origin of honey or the statistical tools that could be used to analyse it. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact that these environmental modifications have on the pollen spectrum of honey. In order to achieve this, thirty-two samples of blossom honey were collected from three different ecoregions of the Buenos Aires province: Parana Delta and Islands, Espinal and Pampa, in two different years: 1999 and 2014. The pollen spectrum of honey samples was determined and the data obtained was analysed with multivariate statistical techniques. It could be concluded that the pollen composition of honeys from different ecoregions has significantly changed in the past years because of agriculture expansion and adaptation of transgenic crops (p=0.007). Honey samples harvested in 1999 were characterized by high values of Helianthus annuus, while in 2014 an important presence of Eryngium sp., Gleditsia triacanthos, Baccharis type, Trifolium sp. and Glycine max was observed. The present results show that honey palynological results and multivariate statistical analysis could be used as a preliminary attempt to evaluate environmental modifications.Fil: Patrignani, Mariela. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Fagundez, Guillermina Andrea. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; ArgentinaFil: Lupano, Cecilia Elena. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; Argentin

The Emerging Chinese Theory and Practice of Media

Since the foundation of the People\u2019s Republic of China, the country has developed its own model of media management and journalism. This model, which traditionally encompasses a very strong relation between politics and media practices, has evolved over the last 40 years of reforms. At the national level, it has transformed into a much more complex and nuanced system based on the mediation between political, commercial and professional interests. At the international level, the ambition of China to contribute to the media agenda and flow of information has grown significantly. These transformations are reflected in the discursive representations of the Chinese media coming from the political, academic and media realms, and in the practice of media production in the country. This issue is aimed at providing original and up-to-date explorations and reflections on the role and functions of the media in today\u2019s China as well as on journalism values and products

OPUS: an Alternate Reality Game to learn SQL at university

The project aims to test the effectiveness of applying the principles of experiential learning within a university course. In particular, the objective of the paper is to investigate the educational effectiveness of the Alternate Reality Games (ARGs) and of their characterizing elements: the immersive storytelling, which blends reality and fiction, and the collaborative approach, which activates collective intelligence dynamics. The project combines the concepts of a Database course with the transmedial interaction techniques of a Transmedia course. The idea was to stimulate the interest of Databases course’s students in this subject and help them learn and consolidate SQL. The result was the creation of a playful experience that is classified as Alternate Reality Game, a realistic and highly immersive interactive storytelling, set in a likely fictional universe where the basic rule is “This is not a game”. The ARG was designed to complement the laboratory practice in the context of a Databases university course. In this way, students can practice, review and consolidate the skills acquired during the course. Furthermore, the playful component is accompanied by on-demand educational content, which players have the opportunity to request when they experience difficulties in solving puzzles that require querying the database

Predictors of socio-cultural adaptation of foreign university students in Argentina

El interés para realizar esta investigación surgió a partir de que Argentina recibe un número creciente de estudiantes de otros países latinoamericanos, atraídos por el idioma, el prestigio académico y las condiciones económicas. Como resultado del contacto intercultural, los estudiantes atraviesan el proceso psicológico denominado aculturación, que implica cambios afectivos, comportamentales y cognitivos. En virtud de lo antedicho, este estudio se propuso identificar predictores de adaptación sociocultural en función de variables sociodemográficas, culturales y psicológicas de estudiantes que decidieron realizar sus estudios universitarios en Argentina. Participaron 216 estudiantes migrantes que se encontraban cursando diferentes carreras universitarias, el 57% eran mujeres (n = 124) y el 43% varones (n = 92), con un promedio de edad de 24.18 años (DE = 4.55). El 86% (n = 186) había nacido en Latinoamérica. El restante 14% provenía de países de Europa y Asia. El tiempo promedio de residencia en Argentina era de 3.31años. Se emplearon diferentes instrumentos diseñados ad hoc y/o adaptados para medir las variables involucradas en el estudio. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, no se pudo corroborar la influencia por parte de variables sociodemográficas (edad y tiempo de residencia). En cambio, entre las variables culturales se constató que percibir bajos niveles de discriminación y ansiedad intergrupal predice buenos niveles de adaptación sociocultural. En cuanto a las variables psicológicas, se corroboró que el apoyo social y la satisfacción percibida contribuyen a la adaptación sociocultural. En términos globales, las variables culturales y psicológicas predicen con mayor éxito la adaptación sociocultural en relación alas sociodemográficas.The interest of this research arises from that Argentina received a growing number of students from other Latin-American countries. International migration has risen exponentially in recent decades due to advances in technology and communications. According to the International Organization for Migration (OIM, 2010), the estimated number of international migrants in the world for that year was 214 million, doubling the previous two decades. Globalization has promoted exchanges among different cultures, but also caused the collision between different value systems, beliefs and customs that, in many cases, generates situations of confusion or discomfort in people (Furnham & Bochner, 1986). Approximately 2.9million people each year decide to make or complete their studies in other countries (OECD, 2008). Argentina receives an increasing number of students from other Latin-American countries, attracted by the language, the academic prestige of the local universities and the favorable economic conditions (Filmus, 2007). At the present, international students represent 1.6% of university students in Argentina. Therefore, Argentina is the fourth host country of America, after United States, Canada and Uruguay. As a result of intercultural contact, students go through the psychological process called acculturation, which involves affective, behavioral and cognitive changes. Taking into account the antecedents mentioned, this research proposed to identify predictors of socio-cultural adaptation based on socio-demographic, cultural and psychological variables, in international students who decided to make their university studies in Argentina. The participants of the study were 216 migrant students who were studying different careers. 57% were women (n = 124) and 43% males (n = 92) with an average age of 24.18 years (SD = 4.55). 86% (n = 186) were born in Latin-America. The remaining 14% came from Europe and Asia. The average residence time in Argentina was 3.31 years. The reasons for their arrival in Argentina were diverse, 50% (n = 108) of them considered that Argentina was a good place to study for its academic prestige and low costs. The remaining half was divided between family reasons (n = 47, 21%), to have a different cultural experience (n = 30, 14%), for student exchange (n = 19, 9%) or others reasons (n = 13, 6%). Regarding socio-economic status, the majority of respondents said they were in the middle class (n = 107, 50%) and upper middle (n = 82, 38%). Different instruments, designed ad hoc or adapted, were used to measure the variables involved in the study. To measure cultural variables were used instruments to assess perceived cultural distance, frequency of contact with foreigners and local habitants, intergroup anxiety and perceived discrimination. To measure psychological variables, were used instruments to assess social supportand life satisfaction. Besides, were used instruments to assess the level of socio-cultural adaptation. Based on results obtained, it could not be verified influence by socio-demographic varia bles (age and residence time). In contrast, among the cultural variables it was found that low levels of perceived discrimination an inter-grupal anxiety predicts good levels of socio-cultural adaptation. Regarding psychological variables, it was confirmed that social support and perceived satisfaction contribute to this adaptation. In summary, cultural and psychological variables predict most successful socio-cultural adaptation than socio-demographic variables. One of the limitations of the study was the low inclusion in the sample of immigrants from countries with greater cultural distance. Futures studies can focuses on the analysis of the processes of adaptation with foreign students with language and customs more distant than Latin-American students. Other future re search can study the perceptions of those who receive foreign students (host country) and analyze their relationship and influence on the perception of discrimination and prejudice from immigrants.Fil: Castro Solano, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lupano Perugini, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Emerging Chinese Theory and Practice of Media = Media in Cina: nuove teorie e nuove pratiche

Since the foundation of the People’s Republic of China, the country has developed its own model of media management and journalism. This model, which traditionally encompasses a very strong relation between politics and media practices, has evolved over the last 40 years of reforms. At the national level, it has transformed into a much more complex and nuanced system based on the mediation between political, commercial and professional interests. At the international level, the ambition of China to contribute to the media agenda and flow of information has grown significantly. These transformations are reflected in the discursive representations of the Chinese media coming from the political, academic and media realms, and in the practice of media production in the country. This issue is aimed at providing original and up-to-date explorations and reflections on the role and functions of the media in today’s China as well as on journalism values and products

Predictores de adaptación psicológica y académica de estudiantes universitarios extranjeros en Argentina

El objetivo fue identificar predictores de adaptación académica y psicológica en función de variables sociodemográficas (sexo, edad, tiempo de residencia), culturales y psicológicas de estudiantes internacionales que realizaron sus estudios en Argentina/AR. Participaron 216 estudiantes migrantes, 57% mujeres y 43% varones, promedio de edad = 24,18 años (DE = 4.55). 86% había nacido en Latinoamérica, el resto en Europa y Asia. Tiempo promedio de residencia en Argentina = 3,31 años. Se emplearon diferentes instrumentos diseñados ad hoc y/o adaptados. Se hipotetizó mayor peso de las variables psicológicas y culturales, por sobre las sociodemográficas, tanto para la adaptación académica como psicológica. En función de los resultados, la hipótesis fue verificada ya que las variables que mostraron mayor peso fueron: ansiedad intergrupal, discriminación percibida y apoyo social.The objective was to identify academic and psychological predictors in function of sociodemographic (sex, age, residence time), cultural and psychological variables of international students which realized their studies in Argentina/AR. The participants were 216 migrant students. 57% were women, 43% male, average age = 24.18 years (SD = 4.55). 86% were born in Latin America, the remaining 14% came from Europe and Asia. Average residence time in Argentina = 3.31 years. Different instruments, designed ad hoc or adapted, were used. It was hypothesized brunt of the psychological and cultural variables, over the sociodemographic, both academic and psychological adjustment. Depending on the results, it is stated that the hypothesis was verified since the variables that showed greater weight were: intergroup anxiety, perceived discrimination and social support.Fil: Lupano Perugini, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Castro Solano, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Palermo; Argentin

Virtuousness profiles in school organizations in relations to psychological well-being levels in Ecuadorian adolescents

El estudio tuvo como objetivos analizar la relación entre virtudes percibidas en organizaciones escolares positivas y los niveles de bienestar psicológico en adolescentes y; establecer perfiles de organizaciones escolares positivas o virtuosas considerando, por un lado, el género y tipo de financiamiento y, por otro, los niveles de bienestar psicológico presentes en adolescentes ecuatorianos. La investigación se justifica por la necesidad de generar espacios y estrategias de socialización y aprendizaje que potencien el desarrollo integral de chicos y chicas y su bienestar perdurable en contextos influenciados por el placer instantáneo y de alta intensidad. Para el estudio se consideró una muestra de 550 estudiantes (51,7% hombres). Los instrumentos aplicados fueron la escala de virtuosidad percibida en organizaciones escolares y la escala de bienestar psicológico en adolescentes, los mismos se hallan validados a los contextos ecuatorianos. Como resultado del análisis estadístico se evidenció una correlación moderada entre las variables de estudio. Adicionalmente se llevaron a cabos dos procesos estadísticos: análisis de conglomerados y análisis de varianza (ANOVA), de esta forma se establecieron perfiles de bienestar psicológico en adolescentes en función del nivel de virtuosidad percibida en las organizaciones escolares. El análisis mencionado dio lugar a tres niveles de organizaciones escolares (virtuosas, en tránsito a la virtuosidad y poco virtuosos) que interactuaron en su orden con tres niveles de bienestar psicológico (fortalecido, en proceso de construcción y vulnerable). Finalmente, en el acápite conclusiones se formularon estrategias puntuales para generar organizaciones virtuosas vinculadas con mejores niveles de bienestar en estudiantes.The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between perceived virtues in positive school organizations and levels of well-being; and, establish profiles of positive or virtuous school organizations considering, on the one hand, the gender and type of funding and, on the other, the levels of psychological well-being present in Ecuadorian adolescents. The research is justified by the need to generate spaces and strategies for socialization and learning that enhance the integral development of boys and girls and their lasting well-being in contexts influenced by instantaneous pleasure and high intensity. For the study, a sample of 550 students (51.7% men) was considered. The research applied the scale of perceived virtuousness in school organizations and the scale of psychological well-being in adolescents, instruments validated to Ecuadorian contexts. As a result of the statistical analysis, a moderate correlation was observed between the study variables. Next, and in order to enhance the analysis, a cluster analysis of average k and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) of one factor were carried out to establish profiles of psychological well-being in adolescents according to the level of virtuosity perceived in school organizations. The aforementioned analysis gave rise to three levels of school organizations (virtuous, in transit to virtuousness and little virtuousness) that interacted in their order with three levels of psychological well-being (strengthened, under construction and vulnerable). Finally, in the section conclusions, specific strategies were formulated to generate virtuous organizations linked with better levels of well-being in students.Fil: Unda Villafuerte, Fernando. Universidad Central del Ecuador; EcuadorFil: Lupano Perugini, Maria Laura. Universidad de Palermo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Características tecnológicas de la madera de Pinus pinea L. (pino piñonero) de Miramar

El Pinus pinea L. recibe como nombre común el de pino piñonero o doméstico, originario de la costa del Mediterráneo. Fue introducido al país en la época colonial y cultivado como árbol ornamental y frutal. Es frecuente encontrarlo en plazas, paseos y parques, brindando su sombra; en las estancias se lo cultvaba como frutal, del cual se obtenían buenas cosechas de piñones. Anualmente nuestro país importa setenta mil kilogramos y llegan al público al precio de treinta dólares por kilo de piñones pelados. Como referencia histórica, diremos que el pino de San Lorenzo, donde el General San Martín descansó bajo su sonbra, pertenece a esta especie. Como forestal, es utilizado en la tercera etapa de fijación de dunas, debido a su característica particular de prosperar en suelos sueltos. Vidal (6) expresa que su mejor área podría encontrarse en las ondulaciones de la costa marítima de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, en terrenos arenosos profundos, permeables, en sitios relativamente secos, en las estribaciones de Tandil, Córdoba, San Luis y en los valles y faldeos de exposición norte. En Europa, como árbol productor de madera, registra crecimientos de cuatro metros cúbicos por hectárea y por año, en turnos de ochenta años. En el país, con clima templado e inviernos menos rigurosos, con temperatura y humedad adecuada en época de crecimiento, alcanza el turno a los treinta años. La finalidad de este estudio es concretar las características físicas y mecánicas de la madera, que procede de una zona conocida, en una información de fácil manejo e interpretación y factible de comparación con las propiedades de otras especies, o de la misma especie cultivada en otras zonas. Se establece la resistencia promedio de cada ensayo y se calculan estadísticamente los valores mínimos aceptables. Las conclusiones podrán servir de guía a profesionales del ramo de la construcción e industrialización, para el cálculo y dimensiona- do de los elementos de madera que integran una obra. Además se busca poner en evidencia, las ventajas y deficiencias que presenta el material, en cada una de las solicitaciones a que sea sometido