The genetic history of admixture across inner Eurasia

Eurasian taiga and tundra - harbour tremendous diversity in their genes, cultures and languages. In this study, we report novel genome-wide data for 763 individuals from Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. We furthermore report additional damage-reduced genome-wide data of two previously published individuals from the Eneolithic Botai culture in Kazakhstan (~5,400 bp

СТРАНИЦА БИБЛИОГРАФА

PAGE of our Bibliographer.Научная медицинская библиотека НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского продолжает знакомить читателей журнала с наиболее интересными книжными новинками по некоторым разделам неотложной медицины, вышедшими в различных отечественных издательствах за последние годы

СТРАНИЦА БИБЛИОГРАФА

Page of our Bibliographer.Научная медицинская библиотека НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского продолжает информировать читателей журнала о современной специальной литературе. В предлагаемом обзоре представлены монографии и сборники научных трудов по ряду разделов неотложной медицины, вышедшие в различных отечественных издательствах в 2011–2012 гг

СТРАНИЦА БИБЛИОГРАФА

Page of our bibliographer.Научная медицинская библиотека НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского продолжает информировать читателей журнала о наиболее интересных книжных и электронных новинках. В предлагаемом обзоре лите- ратуры представлены издания, отражающие наиболее интересные аспекты современной медицины, вышед- шие в различных издательствах в 2008–2012 гг

СТРАНИЦА БИБЛИОГРАФА

Page of our bibliographer.Научная медицинская библиотека НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского продолжает информировать читателей журнала о наиболее интересных книжных и электронных новинках, вышедших в различных российских издательствах в 2010–2013 гг

СТРАНИЦА БИБЛИОГРАФА

Page of our bibliographer.Научная медицинская библиотека НИИ СП им. Н.В. Склифосовского продолжает информировать читателей журнала о наиболее интересных книжных и электронных новинках, вышедших в различных российских издательствах в 2010–2013 гг

Improved Cellular Specificity of Plasmonic Nanobubbles versus Nanoparticles in Heterogeneous Cell Systems

The limited specificity of nanoparticle (NP) uptake by target cells associated with a disease is one of the principal challenges of nanomedicine. Using the threshold mechanism of plasmonic nanobubble (PNB) generation and enhanced accumulation and clustering of gold nanoparticles in target cells, we increased the specificity of PNB generation and detection in target versus non-target cells by more than one order of magnitude compared to the specificity of NP uptake by the same cells. This improved cellular specificity of PNBs was demonstrated in six different cell models representing diverse molecular targets such as epidermal growth factor receptor, CD3 receptor, prostate specific membrane antigen and mucin molecule MUC1. Thus PNBs may be a universal method and nano-agent that overcome the problem of non-specific uptake of NPs by non-target cells and improve the specificity of NP-based diagnostics, therapeutics and theranostics at the cell level

Plasmonic Nanobubbles Rapidly Detect and Destroy Drug-Resistant Tumors

The resistance of residual cancer cells after oncological resection to adjuvant chemoradiotherapies results in both high recurrence rates and high non-specific tissue toxicity, thus preventing the successful treatment of such cancers as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The patients' survival rate and quality of life therefore depend upon the efficacy, selectivity and low non-specific toxicity of the adjuvant treatment. We report a novel, theranostic in vivo technology that unites both the acoustic diagnostics and guided intracellular delivery of anti-tumor drug (liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin, Doxil) in one rapid process, namely a pulsed laser-activated plasmonic nanobubble (PNB). HNSCC-bearing mice were treated with gold nanoparticle conjugates, Doxil, and single near-infrared laser pulses of low energy. Tumor-specific clusters of gold nanoparticles (solid gold spheres) converted the optical pulses into localized PNBs. The acoustic signals of the PNB detected the tumor with high specificity and sensitivity. The mechanical impact of the PNB, co-localized with Doxil liposomes, selectively ejected the drug into the cytoplasm of cancer cells. Cancer cell-specific generation of PNBs and their intracellular co-localization with Doxil improved the in vivo therapeutic efficacy from 5-7% for administration of only Doxil or PNBs alone to 90% thus demonstrating the synergistic therapeutic effect of the PNB-based intracellular drug release. This mechanism also reduced the non-specific toxicity of Doxil below a detectable level and the treatment time to less than one minute. Thus PNBs combine highly sensitive diagnosis, overcome drug resistance and minimize non-specific toxicity in a single rapid theranostic procedure for intra-operative treatment

The MUC1 Ectodomain: A Novel and Efficient Target for Gold Nanoparticle Clustering and Vapor Nanobubble Generation

MUC1 is a large, heavily glycosylated transmembrane glycoprotein that is proposed to create a protective microenvironment in many adenocarcinomas. Here we compare MUC1 and the well studied cell surface receptor target, EGFR, as gold nanoparticle (AuNP) targets and their subsequent vapor nanobubble generation efficacy in the human epithelial cell line, HES. Although EGFR and MUC1 were both highly expressed in these cells, TEM and confocal images revealed MUC1 as a superior target for nanoparticle intracellular accumulation and clustering. The MUC1-targeted AuNP intracellular clusters also generated significantly larger vapor nanobubbles. Our results demonstrate the promising opportunities MUC1 offers to improve the efficacy of targeted nanoparticle based approaches

Lessons from the Whole Exome Sequencing Effort in Populations of Russia and Tajikistan

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.In contrast with the traditional methods applied to assessment of population diversity, high-throughput sequencing technologies have a wider application in clinical practice with greater potential to find novel disease-causing variants for multifactorial disorders. Widely used test panels may not meet their goal to diagnose the patient’s condition with a full reliability since this method often does not take into account the population frequencies of analyzed genetic markers. Here, we analyzed 57 male individuals of five ethnic groups from Russia and Tajikistan using the whole exome sequencing technique (Ion AmpliSeq Exome), which resulted in detecting more than 299,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Samples formed clusters on the PCA plot according to the geographical location of the corresponding populations. Thereby, the methodology of whole-exome sequencing, in general, and the Ion AmpliSeq Exome panel, in particular, could be positively applied for the purposes of population genetics and for detection of the novel clinically relevant variants