Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in women attending antenatal care in Tete province, Mozambique

Objective. To determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and syphilis in pregnant women. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among women attending antenatal care clinics (ANCs). Blood samples were tested for syphilis using the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and treponemal haemagglutination (TPHA) tests; CT and NG were diagnosed using a manual polymerase chain reaction assay on first-void urine samples. A socio-demographic questionnaire was completed. Results were compared with previous published data on sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence in Mozambique. Results. Blood and urine samples were collected from 1119 and 835 women, respectively. The prevalence of CT was 4.1%, and that of NG 2.5%. The RPR test was positive in 5.2% of the women, and 7.1% had a positive TPHA test. Active syphilis was found in 4.7%. In univariate analysis, CT was associated with having had any level of education (p25. Multivariate analysis did not show any significant association. In comparison with published data from 1993, a decline was observed for CT (p<0.05), NG and syphilis (p<0.001). Conclusions. Compared with available data, a decline of STI prevalence was observed in our setting. This might be the result of community-based education programmes focusing on changes to sexual behaviour, as well as the widespread use of the syndromic approach to managing STIs and the expansion of syphilis screening in primary health care settings. However, STI rates are still high, and the problem needs more concrete and sustained efforts for its control

OPTIMIZACIÓN DE RUTA CORTA USANDO ALGORITMO GENÉTICO GENERACIONAL

El presente artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo utilizar algoritmo genético generacional, propio de la&nbsp;inteligencia artificial, donde se aprovecha el proceso evolutivo para optimizar el recorrido de los n puntos o nodos, a un&nbsp;coste de computador menor. Una de las ventajas de este método evolutivo es que no compiten todos contra todos, sinoque se crea y procesa una porción de la población total, con el objetivo de encontrar la posible mejor ruta, o también&nbsp;llamada búsqueda local. Se ha considerado para el método de la ruleta, cruce por intercambio de 2 puntos, mutación por&nbsp;intercambio y método de parada de acuerdo a la cantidad de generaciones. En un computador de regular característica selogró implementar el algoritmo genético generacional en lenguaje Matlab 8.3, tomando como ejemplo las distancias de&nbsp;cada ciudad. Se obtuvieron como resultados para n puntos o nodos, en cada evaluación, las posibles mejores rutas&nbsp;basándose en el modelo evolutivo. Las pruebas realizadas desde 100 hasta 1000 ciudades resultaron en tiempos de&nbsp;3,2006 s y 27,924&nbsp; s, respectivamente. De acuerdo al conjunto de pruebas, demuestra un incremento de manera&nbsp;polinómica de nivel 2; por lo que esta investigación se centra en el incremento de los dos métodos de parada a una&nbsp;secuencia lineal

Planeamiento estratégico para la Provincia de Putumayo al 2030

El plan estratégico para la provincia de Putumayo ha sido elaborado con el principal objetivo de establecer estrategias que permitan el desarrollo de la provincia y, a su vez, posicionarla como una de las más competitivas del país. Para esto, se orienta a esta provincia, principalmente, a mejorar la calidad de vida de los pobladores y superar los índices de pobreza extrema en la que viven hoy en día. La provincia de Putumayo es nueva, pues fue creada en el año 2014 con el fin de impulsar el desarrollo de la zona fronteriza, y se caracteriza por su riqueza en biodiversidad. Para la realización del presente estudio se empleó el modelo de Planeamiento Estratégico elaborado por el profesor Fernando D’Alessio, de CENTRUM Católica. Luego del análisis de la situación actual de la provincia, así como de una evaluación externa e interna —basados en la visión proyectada al año 2030—, se han establecido siete Objetivos de Largo Plazo (OLP) que se reflejarán en el desarrollo de índice humano de sus pobladores. Luego, a partir de la utilización de la matriz de Fortalezas, Oportunidades, Debilidades y Amenazas (FODA), se generaron 11 estrategias. Estas estrategias fueron evaluadas y depuradas, quedando sintetizadas en ocho estrategias generales basadas en fomentar el turismo y la agroindustria. Asimismo, la implementación estratégica de este trabajo tiene 22 Objetivos de Corto Plazo (OCP) y siete Políticas de Acción, que permitirán a la provincia lograr los OLP y alcanzar la visión planteada. Finalmente, se puede establecer que la provincia de Putumayo contará con ventajas competitivas que le permitirá consolidar su posición como uno de los líderes en desarrollo gracias a su extenso territorio y potencial turístico y agroindustrial. Por esta razón, se considera que, para el año 2030, esta provincia deberá ser una de las provincias más competitivas del paísThe strategic plan for the Province of Putumayo has been elaborated according to the main objective of getting strategies that enable the province development and, at the same time, putting it as one of the most competitive province in Peru. For this reason, the goal is to improve the life quality for the Putumayo province population and overcome the extreme poverty rates registered nowadays. The Province of Putumayo is a new one province because it was created in 2014 trying to promote the Peru border zone with Colombia and taking in consideration that this region has an important biodiversity. In order to develop this document, it was used the Strategic Planning model, elaborated by Professor Fernando D’Alessio from CENTRUM Católica. After analyzing the province current situation as well as evaluating the external an internal situation of the province —based on a Vision projected to 2030—, it was registered seven Long-Term Goals which will be correlated with the improvement of its population human development rate. Then, using the SWOT Matrix (related to Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats), it was generated 11 strategies which were evaluated and filtered to summarize them into eight general strategies, the ones that are based on promoting the tourism and agro-industry. Also, there is a strategic implementation that has 22 Short-Term Goals and seven Action Policies that will lead the province to get the Long- Term Goals and the proposed Vision. Finally, it is affirmed that the Province of Putumayo will have Competitive Advantages that will lead it to be a leader in development, based on its large territory, tourism and agro-industrial potentiality. For this reason, it is considered that, for 2030, this province will have to be one of the most competitive provinces of the countryTesi

Efecto de los parámetros de funcionamiento en el dimensionamiento del sistema bombeo de agua a 3960 m.s.n.m en una zona rural en Puno

TesisLos sistemas de bombeo de pozos profundo están diseminados a lo largo de nuestro territorio cubriendo la demanda de agua de muchos peruanos. En función a la ubicación geográfica , se tiene un efecto de la presión y la temperatura, debido a la altitud sobre las instalaciones de bombeo. En la localidad de Ccacca en el departamento de Puno, ubicado a una altitud de 3,960 msnm, se presenta el requerimiento de suministro de agua con un caudal de bombeo de 0.7 l/s para una demanda diaria de 5,040 l/día. Dos tecnologías de sistemas de bombeo se discuten en el presente informe , la tecnología de bombas sumergibles ( completamente encapsuladas y sumergidas en el pozo de agua , con la características de no tener altura de succión) y las bombas de tipo turbina vertical ( montadas exteriormente a los pozos con elevadas alturas de succión). Se determinan las alturas dinámicas totales de carga y las potencias eléctricas de los sistemas de bombeo para cada caso , asi como los valores de NPSH. Así mismo se presentan resultados para la verificación del consumo real de energía electrica. Para este estudio las bombas sumergibles son técnicamente mas viables para ser instaladas en alturas de 3,960 msnm , a una presión atmosférica 0.96 Bar y -5°C , mediante una bomba de 2 HP

Efficacy and safety of the CVnCoV SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate in ten countries in Europe and Latin America (HERALD): a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 trial

Background: Additional safe and efficacious vaccines are needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to analyse the efficacy and safety of the CVnCoV SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate. Methods: HERALD is a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 clinical trial conducted in 47 centres in ten countries in Europe and Latin America. By use of an interactive web response system and stratification by country and age group (18–60 years and ≥61 years), adults with no history of virologically confirmed COVID-19 were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intramuscularly either two 0·6 mL doses of CVnCoV containing 12 μg of mRNA or two 0·6 mL doses of 0·9% NaCl (placebo) on days 1 and 29. The primary efficacy endpoint was the occurrence of a first episode of virologically confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 of any severity and caused by any strain from 15 days after the second dose. For the primary endpoint, the trial was considered successful if the lower limit of the CI was greater than 30%. Key secondary endpoints were the occurrence of a first episode of virologically confirmed moderate-to-severe COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and COVID-19 of any severity by age group. Primary safety outcomes were solicited local and systemic adverse events within 7 days after each dose and unsolicited adverse events within 28 days after each dose in phase 2b participants, and serious adverse events and adverse events of special interest up to 1 year after the second dose in phase 2b and phase 3 participants. Here, we report data up to June 18, 2021. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04652102, and EudraCT, 2020–003998–22, and is ongoing. Findings: Between Dec 11, 2020, and April 12, 2021, 39 680 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either CVnCoV (n=19 846) or placebo (n=19 834), of whom 19 783 received at least one dose of CVnCoV and 19 746 received at least one dose of placebo. After a mean observation period of 48·2 days (SE 0·2), 83 cases of COVID-19 occurred in the CVnCoV group (n=12 851) in 1735·29 person-years and 145 cases occurred in the placebo group (n=12 211) in 1569·87 person-years, resulting in an overall vaccine efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 of 48·2% (95·826% CI 31·0–61·4; p=0·016). Vaccine efficacy against moderate-to-severe COVID-19 was 70·7% (95% CI 42·5–86·1; CVnCoV 12 cases in 1735·29 person-years, placebo 37 cases in 1569·87 person-years). In participants aged 18–60 years, vaccine efficacy against symptomatic disease was 52·5% (95% CI 36·2–64·8; CVnCoV 71 cases in 1591·47 person-years, placebo, 136 cases in 1449·23 person-years). Too few cases occurred in participants aged 61 years or older (CVnCoV 12, placebo nine) to allow meaningful assessment of vaccine efficacy. Solicited adverse events, which were mostly systemic, were more common in CVnCoV recipients (1933 [96·5%] of 2003) than in placebo recipients (1344 [67·9%] of 1978), with 542 (27·1%) CVnCoV recipients and 61 (3·1%) placebo recipients reporting grade 3 solicited adverse events. The most frequently reported local reaction after any dose in the CVnCoV group was injection-site pain (1678 [83·6%] of 2007), with 22 grade 3 reactions, and the most frequently reported systematic reactions were fatigue (1603 [80·0%] of 2003) and headache (1541 [76·9%] of 2003). 82 (0·4%) of 19 783 CVnCoV recipients reported 100 serious adverse events and 66 (0·3%) of 19 746 placebo recipients reported 76 serious adverse events. Eight serious adverse events in five CVnCoV recipients and two serious adverse events in two placebo recipients were considered vaccination-related. None of the fatal serious adverse events reported (eight in the CVnCoV group and six in the placebo group) were considered to be related to study vaccination. Adverse events of special interest were reported for 38 (0·2%) participants in the CVnCoV group and 31 (0·2%) participants in the placebo group. These events were considered to be related to the trial vaccine for 14 (<0·1%) participants in the CVnCoV group and for five (<0·1%) participants in the placebo group. Interpretation: CVnCoV was efficacious in the prevention of COVID-19 of any severity and had an acceptable safety profile. Taking into account the changing environment, including the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, and timelines for further development, the decision has been made to cease activities on the CVnCoV candidate and to focus efforts on the development of next-generation vaccine candidates. Funding: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and CureVac