Aplicación de un modelo educativo para prevenir parasitosis intestinal

génLa parasitosis intestinal es causa de morbili - dad en niños de 0 a 14 años de edad y está asociada con medidas de higiene y factores psicosociales. En el artículo se muestra el trabjo que se diseñó y aplicó para evaluar un programa de educación para la salud sobre higiene y prevención de parasitosis intesti - nal en escolares de comunidades margina - das en Hermosillo, Sonora, México. El diseño de investigación fue de grupo de contraste, con evaluación pre/post y toma de muestras coprológicas. El programa se llevó a cabo en dos escuelas de Hermosillo, Sonora, una urbana y otra suburbana du - rante el ciclo escolar 2010-2011. Los temas trabajados fueron alimentación, prevención de enfermedades, autoestima y cuidado del medio ambiente. Los resultados muestran que la intervención logró cambios positivos a nivel de conocimientos y reducción en la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal.ero, hábitos de alimenta - ción, sobrepeso, obesidad, mayas

Prevalence of intestinal parasites in school children from two Mexican states after 7 years of albendazole administration

A total of 1476 stool samples was collected from 492 school children aged 6-10 years old (240 females and 252 males) representing 41.5% of 1185 enrolled school children from 1 sub-urban and 11 rural communities of the States of Sinaloa (n=341) and Oaxaca (n=151). The school children from Sinaloa were found to be more susceptible to protozoan infections than helminth infections and children from Oaxaca are at the same risk to protozoan and helminth infections. The school children from Oaxaca are currently more affected by helminth infections than those from Sinaloa. Protozoan infections were found to be equally present in both States. The current prevalences of G. lamblia, E. coli, E. nana, I. bulschlii, T. trichiura, A. lumbricoides, E. vermicular is, and H. nana in school children continue to be similar with those found by Diaz et al. from 1987 to 1994 in the general population from different rural and sub-urban communities. The current prevalences of G. lamblia, E. coli, E. nana, and I. butschlii are currently higher in Oaxaca than those reported in the general population by Navarrete et al., (1993), Soriano, (1998), and LESPO (1999), although the prevalence of A. lumbricoides has shown an important decrease with time. Results showed no difference in the levels of intensities of H. nana, A. lumbricoides, and T. trichiura in the school children between Sinaloa and Oaxaca. Younger school children harboured higher eggs counts than older children from both States The gender of the school children had no influence on the prevalence of the intestinal parasitic infections in this study. The prevalence of protozoan infections showed a decrease with age but helminth infections remained low but stable in Sinaloa. The prevalence of protozoan and helminth infections showed different trends with age in Oaxaca. The number of family members was found not to be associated with the levels of intensity of A. lumbricoides, H nana, and T. trichiura in Sinaloa and Oaxaca. There was no association between malnutrition according to the nutritional indicators H/A (1o5.%), W/A (11.6%), and W/H (6.6%), and intestinal parasitic infections in school children from Sinaloa. However, school children with malnutrition according to the ratios W/A (57.8%) and W/H (32.6%) showed a higher prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections than uninfected children. The prevalence of malnutrition according to the ratios H/A and W/A was higher in school children from Oaxaca than in Sinaloa. The school children from both States are subjected to sub-optimal daily nutrient intakes. Although this shortage of nutrient intakes showed no association with the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections but was found to be associated with malnutrition. The financial status of the parents was found not to be an influencing factor in the prevalence of these infections in Sinaloa. In Oaxaca, the mothers contributed significantly with the family monthly income which was found to be negatively associated to the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections. The level of education of the parents in both States was found not to be associated with the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and family monthly income. The uninfected school children from both States were living in better housing conditions than infected school children. An association was found between intestinal parasitic infections and frequency of respiratory infections, abdominal pain, and fever in the school children from Sinaloa, and abdominal pain, fever, diarrhoea, and allergies in Oaxaca. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.)

Role of the employment status and education of mothers in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in Mexican rural schoolchildren

<p><b>Background:</b> Intestinal parasitic infections are a public health problem in developing countries such as Mexico. As a result, two governmental programmes have been implemented: a) "National Deworming Campaign" and b) "Opportunities" aimed at maternal care. However, both programmes are developed separately and their impact is still unknown. We independently investigated whether a variety of socio-economic factors, including maternal education and employment levels, were associated with intestinal parasite infection in rural school children.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> This cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 rural communities in two Mexican states. The study sites and populations were selected on the basis of the following traits: a) presence of activities by the national administration of albendazole, b) high rates of intestinal parasitism, c) little access to medical examination, and d) a population having less than 2,500 inhabitants. A total of 507 schoolchildren (mean age 8.2 years) were recruited and 1,521 stool samples collected (3 per child). Socio-economic information was obtained by an oral questionnaire. Regression modelling was used to determine the association of socio-economic indicators and intestinal parasitism.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> More than half of the schoolchildren showed poliparasitism (52%) and protozoan infections (65%). The prevalence of helminth infections was higher in children from Oaxaca (53%) than in those from Sinaloa (33%) (p < 0.0001). Giardia duodenalis and Hymenolepis nana showed a high prevalence in both states. Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Entamoeba hystolitica/dispar showed low prevalence. Children from lower-income families and with unemployed and less educated mothers showed higher risk of intestinal parasitism (odds ratio (OR) 6.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6–22.6; OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.5–8.2; OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.5–7.4 respectively). Defecation in open areas was also a high risk factor for infection (OR 2.4, 95% CI 2.0–3.0).</p> <p><b>Conclusion:</b> Intestinal parasitism remains an important public health problem in Sinaloa (north-western Mexico) and Oaxaca (south-eastern Mexico). Lower income, defecation in open areas, employment status and a lower education level of mothers were the significant factors related to these infections. We conclude that mothers should be involved in health initiatives to control intestinal parasitism in Mexico.</p&gt

PARASITOSIS INTESTINALES EN ESCOLARES TRATADOS CON ALBENDAZOL EN EL NOROESTE DE MÉXICO: ESTUDIO PILOTO

Las parasitosis intestinalis continúan siendo un problema de salud pública en el noroeste de México, donde se administra una dosis única de albendazol (400 mg) dos veces al año a todos los escolares. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de parásitos intestinales en escolares del noroeste de México tratados periódicamente con albendazol. Las técnicas de Faust y Kato Katz se usaron para detectar e identificar las especies de parásitos intestinales. Mil seiscientos cincuenta y tres escolares sonorenses inscritos oficialmente en 10 escuelas públicas fueron invitados a participar. Ciento setenta y dos y 217 niños y niñas respectivamente de edades entre 6-11 años, participaron voluntariamente durante Septiembre de 2006. Treinta y cinco por ciento de los sujetos tenían parásitos intestinales, 30% protozoarios y el 20%, 12%, 4% y 3% estaban infectados con Giardia duodenalis, Hymenolepis nana, Entamoeba histolytica / dispar / moshkovskii e I. butschlii respectivamente. Cuarenta y dos de los 389 escolares excretaron una mediana de 630 huevecillos por gramo de heces de Hymenolepis nana. Es necesario un ajuste en el tratamiento antiparasitario y las estrategias educativas, porque el albendazol solo no será suficiente para mejorar las condiciones de salud de las poblaciones vulnerables

Métodos de extracción, funcionalidad y bioactividad de saponinas de Yucca: una revisión

Saponins are secondary metabolites produced naturally by plants due to biotic stress. Plants of the Yucca genus are considered source of saponins, particularly steroidal glycosides. Due to their chemical structure, they are molecules with diverse functional properties and biological activity. This document critically explores the reported technological procedures to obtain saponins and saponin rich extracts from species of the Yucca genus, as well their properties, bioactivity and current applications. Yucca saponin extracts are considered to have potential for industrial application in various areas, particularly in food technology, health and agriculture.Las saponinas son metabolitos secundarios producidos naturalmente por las plantas debido al estrés biótico. Las plantas del género Yucca se consideran fuente de saponinas, particularmente de glucósidos esteroidales. Debido a su estructura química, son moléculas con diversas propiedades funcionales y con actividad biológica. Este documento explora de manera crítica los procesos tecnológicos reportados para la obtención de saponinas y extractos con saponinas de diversas especies del género Yucca, así como sus propiedades, bioactividad y aplicaciones actuales. Se considera que los extractos con saponinas de yuca presentan un potencial de uso a nivel industrial en diversas áreas, particularmente en tecnología de alimentos, salud y agropecuaria

NIVELES SÉRICOS DE VITAMINA E, VITAMINA A Y HIERRO EN CERDOS DESTETADOS DE GRANJAS PORCÍCOLAS DEL MUNICIPIO DE HERMOSILLO: ESTUDIO PILOTO

Se determinaron los niveles séricos de vitamina A, E y hierro en cerdos de granjas porcícolas del Municipio de Hermosillo, Sonora, México, ya que actualmente se carece de información de estos micronutrientes en esta región. Se muestrearon 4 granjas, en donde se tomaron muestras de sangre en base al 5 % la población total de cerdos en etapa de destete (21 ± 5 días de edad). Las vitaminas A y E se determinaron por HPLC. El hierro sérico y la capacidad total de fijación de hierro se determinaron por espectrofotometría. Las concentraciones de vitamina E mostraron variación entre granjas, los cerdos de las granjas 1 (3,4 µg/mL) y 2 (3,2 µg/mL) mostraron valores más altos de vitamina E (

Resistencia bacteriana en diarrea y aceite esencial de arbol de té como potencial tratamiento: revisión

Bacterial diarrhea is a global health concern, particularly in developing countries like Mexico, where high morbidity and mortality rates persist, especially in children under five years old. While antibiotics like ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin are effective, increasing bacterial resistance has led to the search for alternatives. Tea tree essential oil (TTEO) has been proposed as a potential treatment, but research, especially in vivo, remains limited due to oil composition variability and a lack of standardized protocols. This review compiles current data (2000-2024) on the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and antibiotic resistance of critical diarrhea-causing bacteria (E. coli, Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Salmonella spp.) and evaluates TTEO’s antibacterial potential. In vitro studies show its bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects, while in vivo studies assess its therapeutic impact on animal models. In conclusion, TTEO holds promise as an alternative or adjuvant to antibiotics for treating bacterial diarrhea. However, further in vivo studies are required to confirm its efficacy and optimize its clinical application.La diarrea bacteriana es un problema de salud pública mundial, especialmente en países en desarrollo como México, donde persisten altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad, sobre todo en niños menores de cinco años. Aunque los antibióticos como la ciprofloxacina, ceftriaxona y azitromicina son efectivos, el aumento de la resistencia bacteriana nos ha forzado a buscar alternativas. El aceite esencial de árbol de té (TTEO) ha sido propuesto como tratamiento potencial, pero la investigación, especialmente in vivo, es limitada debido a la variabilidad en la composición del aceite y la falta de protocolos estandarizados.  Esta revisión recopila datos actuales (2000-2024) sobre la epidemiología, diagnóstico, tratamiento y resistencia a antibióticos de bacterias clave que causan diarrea (E. coli, Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp. y Salmonella spp.), y evalúa el potencial antibacteriano del TTEO. Los estudios in vitro muestran sus efectos bactericidas y bacteriostáticos, mientras que los estudios in vivo evalúan su impacto terapéutico en modelos animales. En conclusión, el TTEO tiene potencial como una alternativa o complemento a los antibióticos para tratar la diarrea bacteriana, pero se necesitan más estudios in vivo para confirmar su eficacia y optimizar su aplicación en la práctica clínica.

Factores asociados a la infección por el virus del papiloma humano en mujeres del noroeste de México

Research on the association between risk factors and HPV infection in adult women from Hermosillo does not exist, so a study of cases and controls (1: 2) matched by age was designed to analyze this public health problem at local level. Participants were 33 and 66 women with and without HPV, respectively (mean age = 41.8 ± 7.9 years). The difference in characteristics between groups was tested with conditional logistic regression (univariate). Antioxidant intake was adjusted by total energy using the residual method. Two multivariate logistic regression models were generated to identify factors associated with HPV. In both models, the higher consumption of lycopene (OR = 0.96, CI =0.95-0.99, p = 0.019) and the higher Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity (TACp) (OR = 0.05, CI 95% = 0.03-0.7, p = 0.024), even adjusted by the number of pregnancies, number of sexual partners, and total number of sexual partners per year, reduced the risk of HPV. Multiple pregnancies and sexual behavior increased the risk of HPV, and higher consumption of lycopene and CATp reduced it in the women in this study. Sex education should be strengthened, as well as the consumption of antioxidants in women from Hermosillo to prevent the development of cervical cancer.Investigaciones sobre la asociación entre factores de riesgo y la infección por VPH en mujeres adultas hermosillenses no existen, y por ello se diseñó un estudio de casos y controles (1: 2) pareado por edad para analizar este problema de salud pública a nivel local. Participaron 33 y 66 mujeres con y sin VPH respectivamente (edad media = 41,8 ± 7,9 años). La diferencia de características entre grupos se probó con regresión logística condicional (univariada). La ingesta de antioxidantes se ajustó por energía total utilizando el método residual. Se generaron dos modelos de regresión logística multivariada para identificar los factores asociados con VPH. En ambos modelos, el mayor consumo de licopeno (OR = 0,96, IC =0,95- 0,99, p = 0,019) y la mayor Capacidad Antioxidante Total plasmática (CATp) (OR = 0,05, IC 95% = 0,03-0,7, p = 0,024), ajustados aún con el número de embarazos, número de parejas sexuales, y total de parejas sexuales por año, redujeron el riesgo a VPH.  Los embarazos múltiples y la conducta sexual incrementaron el riesgo a VPH, y los mayores consumos de licopeno y CATp la redujeron en las mujeres de este estudio. Debe fortalecerse la educación sexual, así como el consumo de antioxidantes en las mujeres hermosillenses para prevenir el desarrollo del cáncer de cuello uterino

PARASITOSIS INTESTINALES EN ESCOLARES URBANOS, SUBURBANOS Y RURALES DEL NOROESTE DE MÉXICO

Las parasitosis intestinales son un problema de salud pública que se asocia también a la carencia de infraestructura en una comunidad. América Latina ha experimentado una migración humana acelerada del área rural a la urbana sin que ello signifi que una vida mejor, porque la infraestructura urbana no responde a las demandas de ese aumento poblacional. Esto puede infl uir en la prevalencias de parasitosis intestinal entre población rural y urbana. Este estudio comparó las prevalencias de parasitosis intestinales entre escolares rurales, suburbanos y urbanos del municipio de Hermosillo Sonora, noroeste de México. La técnica de Faust se usó para identifi car parásitos intestinales. Setecientos veintiocho escolares (54%) (6-14 años) participaron voluntariamente durante septiembre de 2010. Doscientos cincuenta y cuatro, 145 y 329 eran escolares urbanos, suburbanos y rurales respectivamente. De los 728 participantes 29% (n=211) tenían parasitosis intestinales mientras que 71% (n= 517) no mostraron tales infecciones. Se estimó una prevalencia de 28% de infecciones intestinales por protozoarios, particularmente de 18% por Giardia duodenalis, y muy baja de helmintos intestinales (2%). Los escolares suburbanos presentaron prevalencias signifi cativamente más altas de parasitosis intestinales (44,9%), protozoosis (41,4%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/moshkovskii (6.9%), Giardia duodenalis (39,3%), Endolimax nana (27,6%) y Entamoeba coli (17%) que los urbanos y rurales (

Could giardiasis be a risk factor for low zinc status in schoolchildren from northwestern Mexico? A cross-sectional study with longitudinal follow-up

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Both giardiasis and zinc deficiency are serious health problems worldwide. In Mexico, the prevalence of <it>G. intestinalis </it>was estimated at 32% in 1994. It remains a health problem in northwestern Mexico. Recent surveys (1987, 1995, and 1999) reported zinc deficiency in the Mexican population. The association of giardiasis and malabsorption of micronutrients has been well documented, although the association with zinc remains controversial. This study investigated the association between giardiasis and zinc deficiency in schoolchildren from northwestern Mexico.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We combined a cross-sectional design with a longitudinal follow-up six months after parasite treatment. The baseline sample consisted of 114 schoolchildren (mean age 8.8 yr) from seven suburban public schools, grouped as <it>Giardia</it>-free (<it>n </it>= 65, 57%) and <it>Giardia</it>-infected (<it>n </it>= 49, 43%). Three stool analyses per child were done using Faust's method. Children with giardiasis received secnidazole. Serum zinc was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Height and weight were measured. Socioeconomic information was obtained in an oral questionnaire, and daily zinc intake was assessed using 24 hour-recalls. Pearson's correlation and ANCOVA and paired t-test analyses were used to determine the association between giardiasis and zinc status.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Longitudinal analysis demonstrated a significant increase of the mean serum zinc levels in the <it>Giardia</it>-infected group six months after treatment (13.78 vs. 19.24 μmol/L μmol/L; p = 0.001), although no difference was found between the <it>Giardia</it>-free and the <it>Giardia</it>-infected groups (p = 0.86) in the baseline analysis. Z scores for W/A and H/A were lower in the <it>Giardia</it>-infected than in the <it>Giardia</it>-free group (p < 0.05). No difference was observed in the socioeconomic characteristics and mean daily intakes of zinc between the groups (p > 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Giardiasis may be a risk factor for zinc deficiency in schoolchildren from northwestern Mexico.</p