Filtering Interpolators for Image Comparison Algorithms

Comparing two or more images, either by differencing or ratioing, is important to many remote sensing problems. Because the pixel sample points for the images are (almost) always separated by some nonzero shift, a resampling, or interpolation, process must be performed if one image is to be accurately compared to another. Considered in Fourier space, an interpolator acts as a filter that attenuates some frequencies (usually high) of the image. Thus, when the shifted and unshifted images are compared, the former has been filtered, while the latter has not; the effect of this difference is called interpolation error. The key idea of this paper is to apply a filter to the unshifted image that matches the filtering effect of applying the interpolator to the shifted image, thereby drastically reducing interpolation error. The resulting interpolators, called filtering interpolators, are derived and discussed in detail elsewhere. Basic results will be given in this presentation

The prevalence and nature of the use of preconception services by women with chronic health conditions: An integrative review

© 2015 Steel et al. Background: There is growing evidence that preconception care may have an important role in preventing short and long term adverse health consequences for women and their offspring. This is particularly the case for women with chronic health conditions due to the rising prevalence of chronic disease in global populations. With this in mind, this paper presents an integrative systematic review of contemporary research outlining the use of preconception services and practices by women with chronic health conditions. Methods: A search was conducted through PubMed, CINAHL, AMED, and Maternity and Infant Care databases which identified 672 papers examining preconception care and preconception services for women with chronic health conditions. Fourteen papers which were written in English, presented original research, and reported on the prevalence or nature of use of preconception care by women with chronic health conditions were included in the review. Critical appraisal of study quality and thematic categorical grouping of identified papers was undertaken. Results: Current research evidence, as identified through this review, examines three major topic areas: the prevalence of preconception care practices, use of services and characteristics of users; knowledge of the value and impact of preconception care and availability of preconception services for women with chronic health conditions; and women's attitudes, approaches and experiences of preconception care and preconception services. Prevalence estimates of engagement with preconception care range between 18.1% and 45%, with most studies focusing on women with type 1 or 2 diabetes. Significant gaps in women's knowledge of preconception care for women with chronic health conditions were also identified. Women with chronic health conditions reported experiencing emotional distress as a result of their engagement with preconception care services. They also commonly described feeling a need to employ discipline to comply with preconception care programs, and experiencing a fear of pregnancy complications. Conclusion: Future research requires a broad and sophisticated approach to research design and analysis, improved consideration of temporal changes to women's health behaviour, representative samples to more effectively inform health policy, and a deeper understanding of women's motivations, attitudes and perceptions of preconception care to assist in the development of tailored preconception health services

New Constraints on the Energetics, Progenitor Mass, and Age of the Supernova Remnant G292.0+1.8 Containing PSR J1124-5916

We present spatially resolved spectroscopy of the supernova remnant (SNR) G292.0+1.8 with the Chandra X-ray observatory. This SNR contains the 135 ms pulsar, J1124-5916. We apply non-equilibrium ionization (NEI) models to the data. By comparing the derived abundances with those predicted from nucleosynthesis models, we estimate a progenitor mass of 30-40 solar masses. We also derive the intrinsic parameters of the supernova explosion such as its energy, the age of the SNR, the blast wave velocity, and the swept-up mass. In the Sedov interpretation, our estimated SNR age of 2,600 years is close to the pulsar's characteristic age of 2,900 years. This confirms the pulsar/SNR association and relaxes the need for the pulsar to have a non-canonical value for the braking index, a large period at birth or a large transverse velocity. We discuss the properties of the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) in the light of the Kennel and Coroniti model and estimate the pulsar wind magnetization parameter. We also report the first evidence for steepening of the power law spectral index with increasing radius from the pulsar.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. To appear in ApJL, Feb 1 2003 (submitted Oct 9 2002, accepted Dec 19 2002

The Backgrounds Data Center

The Strategic Defense Initiative Organization has created data centers for midcourse, plumes, and backgrounds phenomenologies. The Backgrounds Data Center (BDC) has been designated as the prime archive for data collected by SDIO programs. The BDC maintains a Summary Catalog that contains 'metadata,' that is, information about data, such as when the data were obtained, what the spectral range of the data is, and what region of the Earth or sky was observed. Queries to this catalog result in a listing of all data sets (from all experiments in the Summary Catalog) that satisfy the specified criteria. Thus, the user can identify different experiments that made similar observations and order them from the BDC for analysis. On-site users can use the Science Analysis Facility (SAFE for this purpose. For some programs, the BDC maintains a Program Catalog, which can classify data in as many ways as desired (rather than just by position, time, and spectral range as in the Summary Catalog). For example, data sets could be tagged with such diverse parameters as solar illumination angle, signal level, or the value of a particular spectral ratio, as long as these quantities can be read from the digital record or calculated from it by the ingest program. All unclassified catalogs and unclassified data will be remotely accessible

Factors influencing women's decisions to drink alcohol during pregnancy: Findings of a qualitative study with implications for health communication

© 2014 Meurk et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Background: Despite Australian guidelines advising abstinence from alcohol during pregnancy, a relatively high number of Australian women continue to drink alcohol while pregnant. While some call for greater advocacy of the need for abstinence, others have expressed concern that abstinence messages may be harmful to pregnant women and their unborn babies due to the anxiety they could provoke. We present findings on women's deliberations over drinking alcohol during pregnancy, particularly their emotional dimensions, to inform debates about public health messages and practitioner-patient discussions regarding alcohol use during pregnancy.Methods: Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 40 women in their homes. Our sample comprised women aged 34-39, drawn from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, living in the Greater Brisbane Area who were pregnant, or had recently given birth, in 2009. An inductive qualitative framework analysis approach was used to identify and interpret themes explaining why pregnant women choose to drink or not.Results: Women generally described drinking small amounts of alcohol during pregnancy as being a low risk activity and talked about the importance of alcohol to their social lives as a reason for continuing to drink or finding abstinence a burden; sensitisation to the judgements of others was not widespread. Women predominantly assessed the risk of their drinking in terms of the kinds of alcoholic beverages consumed rather than alcohol content. In reflecting on the advice they recalled receiving, women described their healthcare practitioners as being relaxed about the risks of alcohol consumption.Conclusions: The significance of alcohol to women's identity appeared to be an important reason for continued alcohol use during pregnancy among otherwise risk averse women. Anxiety about alcohol consumption during pregnancy was not widespread. However, obstetricians were an important mediator of this. Health messages that dispel the notion that wine is a " healthy" choice of alcoholic beverage, that provide women with strategies to help them avoid drinking, that advise the broader public not to pressure women to drink if they do not want to, and educate women about the effects of ethanol on maternal and fetal bodies, should be considered

Life after stroke in Appalachia

Objective The purpose of this study was to describe the structure of meaning in the experience of surviving stroke for adults living in Appalachia. Methods This qualitative phenomenological study includes a sample of 6 adult survivors of ischemic stroke who were discharged from either a community or university hospital to home in the Appalachian region. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, transcribed, and analyzed thematically by two investigators. The explicated themes were verified by the survivors as representative of their experience. Results Five main themes emerged: 1) Frustration with new physical and functional impairment, 2) Negative emotions including anger, guilt, loneliness, and depression 3) Need for accessible support, 4) Longing for home during recovery and, 5) Stepping forward after stroke which included sub-themes of perseverance, acceptance, and retraining. Anger was described as contributing to delayed recover and emotional lability was described as a source of anger. The familiarity of home was viewed as key to reestablishing control over one\u27s life. Survivors described how they developed perseverance to move forward and emphasized that willingness to participate in retraining led to adapting to impairments. Acceptance was described as letting go of prior expectations of self and others so one could live in the present

A longitudinal study of the bi-directional relationship between tobacco smoking and psychological distress in a community sample of young Australian women

Background. Tobacco smoking and poor mental health are both prevalent and detrimental health problems in young women. The temporal relationship between the two variables is unclear. We investigated the prospective bidirectional relationship between smoking and mental health over 13 years