The challenge of measuring innovation in emerging economies' firms: A proposal of a new set of indicators on innovation

The traditional indicators on innovation rely on the linear assumption that research leads to development, centring on the measurement of inputs and outputs. Based on the traditional innovation indicators, recent studies focused on the industrial innovation process at Latin America state that nowadays Latin American firms display a passive role at world’s innovative activities, characterised by the lack of firms’ innovative skills. However, these indicators do not seem to be the most appropriate for measuring innovation, especially in emerging economies’ firms. The focus of this paper is to theoretically propose a set of new indicators on innovation that might be more adequate to the reality of firms located in emerging economies, centring on the way innovation activities process takes place within the firms. In order to do so, the paper searches for support from five approaches of the economic theory. The validation of the suggested set of new indicators could shed some light on the understanding of the innovative performance of emerging economies’ firms.innovation, indicators, economic theory, emerging economies, firms, industrial innovation, enterprises, Latin America

Strenghtening Innovation in Developing Countries

In spite of the variety of studies regarding innovation management questions, there is still a lack of studies concerning the structuring of the innovation management activity in developing countries’ firms. In parallel, there is an increasing number of studies arguing that these firms have no innovative capabilities. Traditionally, however, the metrics used for analysing the innovative capabilities of firms of this nature, such as patents and research and development investments, are incapable of understanding how the innovation process occurs. This study seeks to contribute with the filling of these existing gaps. In this sense, it suggests a total innovation management system focused on the reality of developing countries’ firms, which gives rise to a group of non-conventional indicators to examine the technological capabilities, such as cadence and projects’ mix, here presented and discussed.In spite of the variety of studies regarding innovation management questions, there is still a lack of studies concerning the structuring of the innovation management activity in developing countries’ firms. In parallel, there is an increasing number of studies arguing that these firms have no innovative capabilities. Traditionally, however, the metrics used for analysing the innovative capabilities of firms of this nature, such as patents and research and development investments, are incapable of understanding how the innovation process occurs. This study seeks to contribute with the filling of these existing gaps. In this sense, it suggests a total innovation management system focused on the reality of developing countries’ firms, which gives rise to a group of non-conventional indicators to examine the technological capabilities, such as cadence and projects’ mix, here presented and discussed.In spite of the variety of studies regarding innovation management questions, there is still a lack of studies concerning the structuring of the innovation management activity in developing countries’ firms. In parallel, there is an increasing number of studies arguing that these firms have no innovative capabilities. Traditionally, however, the metrics used for analysing the innovative capabilities of firms of this nature, such as patents and research and development investments, are incapable of understanding how the innovation process occurs. This study seeks to contribute with the filling of these existing gaps. In this sense, it suggests a total innovation management system focused on the reality of developing countries’ firms, which gives rise to a group of non-conventional indicators to examine the technological capabilities, such as cadence and projects’ mix, here presented and discussed

Economia, tecnologia e inovação: da teoria da firma à gestão da inovação

The neoclassical economics approach regards technology as a static variable that firms can acquire in the market. Firms, in turn, represent rational agents that, in order to maximise profits, perform in a predictable way. By deduction, in this context the innovation process represents a mere optimised resources allocation activity. The elaboration of The Theory of the Firm paves the way to other perspectives about how technological innovation process takes place inside the firm. The Theory of the Firm states that the coordination of the resources allocation process is incorporated by firms. The innovation process becomes intra-organisational and firm-dependent. Therefore, previously neglected aspects, such as diversity, organisational routines, technological capabilities, strategy, innovation efforts, and, even so, coordination and management, turn into part of the debate. Firms become to be understood as agents who based on their bulk of competencies and technological domain, aligned with a specific strategy, try to establish their own evolution path. This study examines the evolution of the economics perspectives regarding innovation and technology, highlighting the relevance of the Theory of the Firm as theoretical driving force to the elaboration of amplified approaches about the technological innovation process inside firms.Para a visão econômica neoclássica, a tecnologia representa uma variável estática, posta à disposição das firmas no mercado; as firmas são agentes racionais dotados de postura previsível com o objetivo de maximizar lucros. Por dedução, o processo de inovação é uma atividade de alocação ótima de recursos. A elaboração da Teoria da Firma abre o caminho para abordagens mais amplas acerca do processo de inovação tecnológica na firma na Economia. Nessa perspectiva, a coordenação dos processos de alocação dos recursos é assimilada pela firma; o processo de inovação passa a ser considerado interno e dependente da firma. Assim, aspectos antes desconsiderados, como diversidade, rotinas organizacionais, capacidades tecnológicas, estratégia, esforços de inovação e, até mesmo, coordenação e gestão passam a integrar os debates. A firma passa a ser vista como um agente cujas competências e cujo domínio sobre a tecnologia, devidamente alinhados a uma estratégia específica, buscam estabelecer sua própria trajetória de evolução. Este estudo examina a evolução das perspectivas acerca de tecnologia e inovação na Economia, destacando a relevância da Teoria da Firma enquanto marco teórico propulsor da elaboração de perspectivas mais amplas acerca do processo de inovação tecnológica na firma

Who is motivated to learn in training offered by the companies?

With the growing competitiveness of the market, the organizations have made Training and Development Programs aims better results. This survey had as its main objective to verify if the individual, training and organizational characteristics influence the results of motivation to learn. The sample was of 220 workers who would be trained in seven private companies of the Rio de Janeiro. The scales to measure the motivation to learn and beliefs about the training were previously validated. There were descriptive and standard multiple regression analyses. The results indicate that the beliefs about training, the kind of training, the kind of instructor and the time of work are determinants of motivation to learn. We discussed practical implications of the results and suggested agenda to search for the area.El mercado laboral se ha vuelto más competitivo y las organizaciones han desarrollado programas de Capacitación y Desarrollo, con el fin de lograr resultados efectivos con relación a los recursos humanos. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo principal verificar si las características del cliente, de la formación y de la organización influyen en el resultado de la motivación para aprender. La muestra fue de conveniencia, con 220 trabajadores que estaban empezando las acciones de formación, en siete empresas privadas en el estado de Rio de Janeiro. Se utilizó escalas validadas para medir la motivación para aprender y creencias sobre el sistema de formación. Fueron efectuados análisis descriptivo y regresión múltiple estándar. Los resultados indican que las creencias sobre el sistema de formación, el tipo de formación, el tipo de instructor y el tiempo de la empresa son predictores de la motivación para aprender. Fueron discutidas las repercusiones prácticas de las conclusiones y sugerido programa de investigación en el tema.O mercado de trabalho tem se tornado mais competitivo e as organizações têm realizado programas de treinamento e desenvolvimento, buscando resultados eficazes em relação aos recursos humanos. Esta investigação teve como objetivo principal verificar se as características da clientela, do treinamento e das organizações influenciam nos resultados da motivação para aprender. A amostra foi obtida por conveniência, com 220 trabalhadores que estavam iniciando ações de capacitação em sete empresas privadas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Utilizaram-se escalas validadas para mensurar a motivação para aprender e as crenças sobre o sistema de treinamento. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e regressão múltipla padrão. Os resultados indicam que as crenças em relação ao sistema e tipo de treinamento, tipo de instrutor e tempo de empresa são preditoras da motivação para aprender. Foram discutidas implicações práticas dos resultados e sugerida agenda de pesquisa para a área

A URGÊNCIA DA POÉTICA

O processo criativo é algo constante, configurado como uma rede de conexões. Em uma tessitura permanente, dados são agregados, gerando novos registros e obras artísticas dentro de uma poética. Transcrevo o desenvolvimento de três séries de trabalhos criadas por mim, envolvendo escolhas, seleções e interpretações inerentes ao continuum criativo. Com amparo na crítica de processo, saliento como esse percurso, em toda sua pessoalidade, delineou-se na necessidade de exteriorizar conflitos pessoais, percepções e elaborações mentais que constituem o ser artista, pesquisadora e docente

CONTINUOUS

This text addresses different moments of my plastic research (1995-2020), presented through images in which the thread, although physically present in all works, moves between sewing, embroidery, weft, drawing. It is the tool that integrates ideas and the conceptual element that interprets life, the human being and the sacred, simultaneously crossing different artistic languages. The references are in childhood, in family affection, in psychogeography and become metaphors for the creative process and creation, in the rescue and reinterpretation of traditions as continuous gestures of generosity

Drift : a look about the work by Marcelo Moscheta

In Installations, objects, sculptures, works of Marcelo Moscheta presents reflections generated in immersions in distant landscapes, places of difficult access where creative process development is in the silence and everyday detachment. With focus for the work “North”, the approach prioritizes a study based on the process of criticisminfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Healthcare interoperability through intelligent agent technology

With technological advances, the amount of data and the information systems in healthcare units has been increasing exponentially. The accessibility and availability of patients’ clinical information are a constant need. The Agency for Integration, Diffusion and Archive of Medical Information (AIDA) was developed to fulfill this need and it was implemented at the Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP), revealing a highly successful, ensuring interoperability among CHP healthcare information systems. This paper presents a new AIDA module, which aims to monitor the activity of its agents. It revealed its usefulness, providing to the user the functionalities and the necessary data for it to make a complete monitoring of the activities of each AIDA agent. It was still considered an efficient system, since it does not compromise the resources of the machine where it was implemented. In addition, this module increases AIDA functionality and efficiency

Intelligent systems for monitoring and preventing in healthcare information systems

Nowadays the interoperability in Healthcare Information Systems (HIS) is a fundamental requirement. The Agency for Integration, Diffusion and Archive of Medical Information (AIDA) is an interoperability healthcare platform that ensures these demands and it is implemented in Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP), a major healthcare unit in Portugal. Therefore, the overall performance of CHP HIS depends on the success of AIDA functioning. This paper presents monitoring and prevention systems implemented in the CHP, which aim to improve the system integrity and high availability. These systems allow the monitoring and the detection of situations conducive to failure in the AIDA main components: database, machines and intelligent agents. Through the monitoring systems, it was found that the database most critical period is between 11:00 and 12:00 and the resources are well balanced. The prevention systems detected abnormal situations that were reported to the administrators that took preventive actions, avoiding damage to AIDA workflow