Aplicación de un diagnóstico a las valoraciones para el ingreso de los niños con necesidades educativas especiales en la Escuela de Educación Especial Melania Morales del Distrito III del departamento de Managua Segundo Semestre de 2017

El diagnóstico aplicado en la Escuela de Educación Especial Melania Morales de Managua ubicado en el barrio San Judas del distrito III pretende brindar reflexiones que permitan innovar o crear nuevos métodos de valoración adecuados y enfocados en las necesidades propias del estudiantado con necesidades educativas especiales y su entorno en el plano nicaragüense. La realización de este diagnóstico en este centro educativo del departamento de Managua abarcó el periodo de Agosto a octubre del 2017. En el mismo participaron todos los actores docentes y administrativos con el fin de contribuir al desarrollo de la investigación y sus aportes nos permitieron emitir un diagnóstico basado en un realidad necesaria para realizar adaptaciones y cambios sugeridos que permitirán mejorar la calidad educativa de niños y niñas con necesidades educativas especiales al brindarles una valoración adecuada según sus necesidades. El propósito de la presente investigación estuvo basada en la aplicación de un diagnóstico sobre las valoraciones y evaluaciones que se realizaron a los niños y niñas que ingresaron a la escuela de educación especial en todas sus áreas durante el año lectivo 2017. Fue necesario la definición de lo que es una valoración o evaluación psicopedagógica y el efecto de la misma al ubicar a los alumnos en las aulas de clase así como la descripción del comportamiento de la variación de los ritmos de aprendizajes de los alumnos y finalmente determinar el papel que jugaron las evaluaciones y cómo estas contribuyeron en la retención y calidad educativa de la escuela en este año lectivo 2017. Análisis de un diagnóstico de las valoraciones del ingreso de los alumnos con Necesidades Educativas Especiales. 9 La presente investigación se justificó por cuanto posee valor teórico, utilidad práctica, relevancia social, por su conveniencia y en base a los beneficios a la comunidad educativa que atiende. El estudio se sustentó en las teorías de pedagogos y psicólogos que son los padres de la educación. Metodológicamente el trabajo investigativo se abordó desde la perspectiva de los tipos de estudio descriptivos-transversales, con la aplicación de un diseño de investigación de campo donde utilizamos las técnicas de la observación, las encuestas, entrevistas formadas por preguntas cerradas. El procesamiento de datos del diagnóstico permitió determinar las sugerencias necesarias para fortalecer el trabajo de evaluación y valoraciones. Entre los hallazgos relevantes encontramos un equipo de docentes que han sido capacitados para captar niños escolarizados y no escolarizados para brindar apoyo pedagógico al estudiante, maestro y padre de familia y felicitarles las estrategias metodológicas para mejorar su aprendizaje. Existe una guía de evaluación psicopedagógica para evaluar a los niños de dos a doce años emitida por el Ministerio de Educación en la dirección de educación especial, esta guía contiene los instrumentos y test que permiten hacer una valoración que permite medir un el nivel de discapacidad cognitiva del niño escolarizado o no y si este necesita del servicio de educación especial. El cuerpo docente del centro no conoce esta guía de evaluación ni las normativas que fundamentan las decisiones de ingresar un niño al servicio de educación especial así mismo desconocen la misión y visión propia de la escuel

Análisis de las funciones administrativas y su incidencia en el desempeño docente en la Escuela Pública Virgen De Guadalupe, ubicado en el Distrito Dos, Departamento de Managua, durante el primer semestre del año 2019

Para Hernández (2015) “la administración es la función de todos los recursos que poseen a través de un esquema planificado, un proceso formado por planeación, dirección y control con el fin de obtener el máximo beneficio posible; este beneficio puede ser económico o social, dependiendo de los fines que persiga dicha organización.” El trabajo de investigación que hemos realizado tiene por finalidad, Analizar el cumplimiento de las funciones administrativas y su incidencia en el desempeño docente de la Escuela Pública Virgen de Guadalupe Distrito II, del Departamento de Managua, durante el I Semestre del año 2019. En los resultados obtenidos en este estudio investigativo se encontró que en la Escuela Virgen de Guadalupe existe rendimiento no muy satisfactorio en cuanto al funcionamiento de las funciones administrativas, ya que no se ejecuta una adecuada planificación, organización, control, ejecución y evaluación. Basado en los resultados mencionados anteriormente, dicha administración es el único responsable de que la institución no funcione de manera adecuada con eficacia y calidad. Se consideró oportuno investigar sobre el cumplimiento de las funciones administrativas para mejorar el desempeño docente y de la directora, porque mediante un estudio realizado por los autores de dicho trabajo, quienes, mediante un proceso de investigación, logramos detectar los elementos del problema referidos a la administración y a través del procesamiento de información adquirida de todos los miembros de la comunidad educativa, logramos concluir y dejar una serie de recomendaciones dirigidas a la directora y a los docentes que servirán para fortalecer el proceso administrativo y el desempeño docente en el centro educativ

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Identification of regulatory variants associated with genetic susceptibility to meningococcal disease.

Non-coding genetic variants play an important role in driving susceptibility to complex diseases but their characterization remains challenging. Here, we employed a novel approach to interrogate the genetic risk of such polymorphisms in a more systematic way by targeting specific regulatory regions relevant for the phenotype studied. We applied this method to meningococcal disease susceptibility, using the DNA binding pattern of RELA - a NF-kB subunit, master regulator of the response to infection - under bacterial stimuli in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. We designed a custom panel to cover these RELA binding sites and used it for targeted sequencing in cases and controls. Variant calling and association analysis were performed followed by validation of candidate polymorphisms by genotyping in three independent cohorts. We identified two new polymorphisms, rs4823231 and rs11913168, showing signs of association with meningococcal disease susceptibility. In addition, using our genomic data as well as publicly available resources, we found evidences for these SNPs to have potential regulatory effects on ATXN10 and LIF genes respectively. The variants and related candidate genes are relevant for infectious diseases and may have important contribution for meningococcal disease pathology. Finally, we described a novel genetic association approach that could be applied to other phenotypes

Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

Peer reviewe

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Plasma lipid profiles discriminate bacterial from viral infection in febrile children

Fever is the most common reason that children present to Emergency Departments. Clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection are often non-specific, and there is no definitive test for the accurate diagnosis of infection. The 'omics' approaches to identifying biomarkers from the host-response to bacterial infection are promising. In this study, lipidomic analysis was carried out with plasma samples obtained from febrile children with confirmed bacterial infection (n = 20) and confirmed viral infection (n = 20). We show for the first time that bacterial and viral infection produces distinct profile in the host lipidome. Some species of glycerophosphoinositol, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine and cholesterol sulfate were higher in the confirmed virus infected group, while some species of fatty acids, glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoserine, lactosylceramide and bilirubin were lower in the confirmed virus infected group when compared with confirmed bacterial infected group. A combination of three lipids achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.911 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.98). This pilot study demonstrates the potential of metabolic biomarkers to assist clinicians in distinguishing bacterial from viral infection in febrile children, to facilitate effective clinical management and to the limit inappropriate use of antibiotics

Multiple Scenario Generation of Subsurface Models:Consistent Integration of Information from Geophysical and Geological Data throuh Combination of Probabilistic Inverse Problem Theory and Geostatistics

Neutrinos with energies above 1017 eV are detectable with the Surface Detector Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming \u3c4 neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the Earth. No neutrino candidates were found in 3c 14.7 years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The 90% C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an E\u3bd-2 spectrum in the energy range 1.0 7 1017 eV -2.5 7 1019 eV is E2 dN\u3bd/dE\u3bd &lt; 4.4 7 10-9 GeV cm-2 s-1 sr-1, placing strong constraints on several models of neutrino production at EeV energies and on the properties of the sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries