¿Cómo afecta el tabaquismo pasivo parental en el desarrollo infantil? Revisión sistemática.

[Resumen] Introducción: La inhalación pasiva de humo de tabaco, también llamado “humo de segunda mano” es un problema de relevancia mundial. La OMS (Organización Mundial de la Salud), en su última publicación, establece que casi la mitad de los niños respiran aire contaminado por humo de tabaco, la gran mayoría en el hogar, y causa alrededor de 890 000 muertes prematuras cada año. En diferentes estudios se atribuye el tabaquismo pasivo con diversos problemas y patologías que afectan al desarrollo infantil, incluyendo entre otras la muerte súbita del lactante. Objetivo: El objetivo de nuestro estudio es conocer cómo afecta la inhalación pasiva de humo de tabaco parental en el desarrollo infantil. Metodología: Revisión sistemática con el fin de localizar la literatura científica más actual sobre el tema a estudiar. En primer lugar, se llevó a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica en Pubmed, con el fin de encontrar las últimas revisiones disponibles. A continuación, se efectuó otra búsqueda en bases de datos de Ciencias de la Salud (Pubmed, Cinahl, Psycinfo) y en bases de datos multidisciplinares (Scopus) con el fin de hallar estudios originales. La estrategia de búsqueda se limitó a estudios publicados desde el año 2013 hasta la actualidad, en español, inglés y portugués. Resultados: La mayor parte de la inhalación pasiva de tabaco en los niños se da en el hogar. Éste se asocia a un mayor riesgo de problemas antropométricos, respiratorios y oculares. El indicador más fiable para la exposición de tabaquismo pasivo es el nivel de cotinina, bien sea salivar o urinario. Conclusiones: No hay nivel seguro de exposición pasiva a humo de tabaco, por lo que es muy importante la detección precoz de este hábito en los padres y el rápido abandono para que los niños vivan en espacios libres de humo. De esta forma, lograríamos reducir los riesgos que éste entraña en el desarrollo infantil.[Resumo] Introducción: A inhalación pasiva do fume de tabaco, tamén chamada “fume de segunda man”, é un problema de relevancia mundial. A OMS (Organización Mundial da Saúde), na súa última publicación, afirma que case a metade dos nenos respiran aire contaminado polo fume do tabaco, a gran mayoría no fogar, e causan preto de 890.000 mortes prematuras cada ano. En diferentes estudos, o tabaquismo pasivo atribúese a varios problemas e patoloxías que afectan no desenvolvemento infantil, incluíndo, entre outros, a morte súbita do lactante. Obxectivo: O obxectivo do noso estudo é saber cómo a inhalación pasiva do fume de tabaco parental afecta no desenvolvemento infantil. Metodoloxía: Revisión sistemática para localizar a literatura científica máis recente sobre o tema a estudar. En primeiro lugar, realizouse unha busca bibliográfica en Pubmed, para atopar as revisións sistemáticas máis recentes. A continuación, realizouse outra busca nas bases de datos de Ciencias da Saúde (Pubmed, Cinahl, Psycinfo) e en bases de datos multidisciplinares (Scopus) para atopar estudios orixinais. A estratexia de busca limitouse aos estudios publicados dende 2013 ata hoxe, en castelán, inglés e portugués. Resultados: A maior parte da inhalación pasiva do tabaco en nenos prodúcese na casa. Isto está asociado cun maior risco de problemas antropométricos, respiratorios e oculares. O indicador máis fiable para a exposición ao tabaquismo pasivo é o nivel de cotinina, salival ou urinaria. Conclusións: Non hai nivel seguro de exposición pasiva ao fume do tabaco, polo que é moi importante a detección precoz deste hábito nos pais e o rápido abandono para que os nenos poidan vivir en espazos libres de fume. Deste xeito, poderiamos reducir os riscos que iso supón no desenvolvemento infantil.[Abstract] Introduction: The passive inhalation of tobacco smoke, also called “secondhand smoke” is a problem of global relevance. The WHO (World Health Organization), in its latest publication, states that almost half of children breathe air contaminated by tobacco smoke, the vast majority in the home, and cause around 890.000 premature deaths each year. In different studies, passive smoking is attributed to various problems and pathologies that affect child development, including, among others, sudden infant death. Objective: The objective of our study is to know how passive inhalation of parental tobacco smoke affects child development. Methodology: Systematic review in order to locate the most current scientific literature on the subject to be studied. First, a bibliographic search was carried out in Pubmed, in order to find the latest available reviews. Then, another search was made in databases of Health Sciences (Pubmed, Cinahl, Psycinfo) and in multidisciplinary databases (Scopus) in order to find original studies.The search strategy was limited to studies published from 2013 to the present, in Spanish, English and Portuguese. Results: Most of the passive inhalation of tobacco in children occurs in the home. This is associated with an increased risk of anthropometric, respiratory and ocular problems. The most reliable indicator for exposure to passive smoking is the level of cotinine, either salivary or urinary. Conclusions: There is no level insurance of passive exposure to tobacco smoke, so it is very important early detection of this habit in parents and the rapid abandonment for children to live in smoke-free spaces. In this way, we could reduce the risks that this entails in child development.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.FEP). Enfermaría. Curso 2017/201

Genetic stabilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae oenological strains by using benomyl

Wild-type oenological strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are usually aneuploid and heterozygotes; thus, when they are used as starters in must fermentation the resulting wine characteristics may vary from year to year. Treatment of a wild-type S. cerevisiae oenological strain with benomyl (methyl-l-butylcarbamoyl-2-benzimidazole carbamate), an antifungal agent shown to cause chromosome loss in yeasts, resulted in a stable starter strain in which the parental oenological traits were unchanged. The oenological S. cerevisiae strain was treated with benomyl in two different ways (A and B), and sporulation ability and spore viability were subsequently assayed. Treatment A resulted in both the highest numbers of tetrads and a reduction in DNA cell content, while treatment B increased spore viability. Fermentation assays were carried out with spore clones obtained from treatment A, and the concentrations of glycerol, lactic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol resulting from the treated strains were found to be similar to those of the parental strain. Benomyl treatment thus achieved stable, highly sporulating oenological S. cerevisiae strains of low ploidy, but preserved the desirable oenological properties of the parental strain

El sueño, tema poético en común entre Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz e Idea Vilariño. Zonas de cruce entre las escritoras y sus mundos

El sueño, tema poético en común entre Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz e Idea Vilariño. Zonas de cruce entre las escritoras y sus mundo

Encouragement of Irregular Immigration and Violation of the Rights of Worker

Traballo fin de grao (UDC.DER). Dereito. Curso 2021/202

Putative ancient microorganisms from amber nuggets

Evolutionary microbiology studies based on the isolation of ancient DNA and/or microbial samples are scarce due to the difficulty of finding well preserved biological specimens. However, amber is a fossil resin with natural preserving properties for microbial cells and DNA. The visualization by transmission electron microscopy of different microorganismlike specimens found in amber nuggets from both the Miocene and the Cretaceous periods was accompanied by studies of ancient DNA obtained from the nuggets. After the design of specific primers based on the present sequences of both genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the ancestral AGP2 sequence from the Miocene, as well as the 18S rRNA from the Cretaceous, were amplified. [Int Microbiol 2007; 10(2):117-122

A new disruption vector (pDHO) to obtain heterothallic strains from both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces pastorianus

Yeasts are responsible for several traits in fermented beverages, including wine and beer, and their genetic manipulation is often necessary to improve the quality of the fermentation product. Improvement of wild-type strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces pastorianus is difficult due to their homothallic character and variable ploidy level. Homothallism is determined by the HO gene in S. cerevisiae and the Sc-HO gene in S. pastorianus. In this work, we describe the construction of an HO disruption vector (pDHO) containing an HO disruption cassette and discuss its use in generating heterothallic yeast strains from homothallic Saccharomyces species

Reflections on the use of inferential statistics in data analysis during a didactic research

Como producto de procesos investigativos en educación se generan gran cantidad de datos cuyo análisis representa un reto para los investigadores. La enorme variedad de factores interrelacionados que pueden tener incidencia en los datos dificulta sustancialmente la extracción de conclusiones confiables, tanto a la hora de describir o predecir el comportamiento de una población estudiantil como a la de evidenciar el efecto de intervenciones didácticas. El análisis estadístico inferencial provee herramientas que permiten la evaluación sistemática y eficiente de una muestra de la población que se quiere estudiar. Presentamos aquí una reflexión sobre la operativa concreta e interpretación de resultados asociados a la aplicación de tres instrumentos inferenciales (distribución de probabilidad, intervalo de confianza y test de hipótesis) a un caso de estudio derivado de nuestra experiencia docente. Estas herramientas nos permitieron evaluar la incidencia de la modalidad de cursado (presencial o en línea) en el desempeño académico de estudiantes de primer año de la Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República. Además, estos mismos instrumentos estadísticos se aplicaron al estudio de la influencia en la misma población de una intervención didáctica, en la que se incorporaron a un curso masivo de química de primer año (Química General I) un conjunto de materiales con el objetivo de mejorar el desempeño académico mediante el aprendizaje activo y la autorregulación. En este sentido, la estadística inferencial hizo posible el análisis sistemático y eficiente de la información derivada en este estudio de caso, lo que permitió arribar a conclusiones que son estadísticamente significativas.As a product of educational research activities, a large amount of data is produced, the analysis of which represents a challenge for the researchers. In this context, the large number of interrelated factors that may have an impact on the data makes it extremely difficult to draw reliable conclusions, either when describing or predicting the behavior of a student population, or when evidencing the effect of didactic interventions. Statistical inferential analysis provides tools that allow the systematic and efficient evaluation of Nicolás VeigaLucía OteroJulia TorresUniversidad de la República, [email protected] Editorial Recibido: 27/07/2020 Aceptado: 03/10/2020 Citación recomendadaVeiga,N., Otero, L., Torres, J. (2020). Reflexiones sobre el uso de la estadística inferencial en investigación didáctica. InterCambios. Dilemas y transiciones de la Educación Superior 7(2).Reflexiones sobre el uso de la estadística inferencial en investigación didácticaReflections on the use of inferential statistics in data analysis during a didactic researchReflexões sobre o uso de estatísticas inferenciais na análise de dados durante uma investigação didáticaDOI - HTTP://DOI.ORG/10.29156/INTER.7.2.10 98Investigaciones y experiencias - NICOLÁS VEIGA, LUCÍA OTERO, JULIA TORRESa sample of the population to be studied. In this work we present a reflection on the implementation and interpretation of results associated with the application of three inferential instruments (probability distribution, confidence interval and hypothesis test) to a case study derived from our teaching experience. These instruments allowed us to evaluate the influence that the course modality (face-to-face or online) exerts on the academic performance of first-year students of Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República. In addition, these statistical tools were also applied to the study of the incidence, on the same population, of a didactic intervention in which a set of materials was incorporated into a massive first-year chemistry course (General Chemistry I), with the aim of promoting active learning and self-regulation. In this regard, inferential statistics allowed the systematic and efficient analysis of the information associated with this case study, allowing to draw statistically significant conclusions

Influence of culture conditions of Gordonia jacobaea MV-26 on canthaxanthin production

Commercial interest in the use of natural pigments isolated from microorganisms has increased in recent years; hence, molecules belonging to the polyisoprenoid group (i.e. β-carotene, astaxanthin, and canthaxanthin) have been the focus of much attention. The bacterium Gordonia jacobaea readily synthesizes and accumulates large amounts of canthaxanthin (β-β´-carotene-4,4´-dione), which is widely used in the food and cosmetics industries. In the present work, the effects of different low-cost raw materials on fermentation and canthaxanthin accumulation by a hyperpigmented strain of G. jacobaea were studied. Canthaxanthin production and peak levels of accumulation varied according to the different media used. [Int Microbiol 2005; 8(1):55-58

Thiosemicarbazone derivatives and their metal complexes as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors

With the breakout of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in late 2019 and early 2020, the focus on drug design for the treatment of the severe respiratory syndrome caused by this virus was prompted. The main protease (MPro) of the virus has been stablished as one of the most accepted targets for the rational design of new drugs [1]. In this work, we present a series of organic compounds previously developed by our group, and their coordination complexes. Originally, these complexes had been designed as potential antiparasitic drugs, with the focus put on the main cysteine protease of the T. cruzi parasite, cruzipain. The compounds have been tested in an in vitro MPro inhibition essay and several structural redesign cycles have been performed, reaching 50% inhibition concentrations (IC50) in the low micromolar and nanomolar range. Molecular docking of the ligands and metal complexes was performed using GOLD software. The results allowed us to understand the role of co-ligands and substituents in the potential inhibition mechanism and to purpose different inhibition pathways as for example covalent metal – protein interactions and the relevant poses of the substrates in the active site of the MPro.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació