7,577 research outputs found
Distributed learning of CNNs on heterogeneous CPU/GPU architectures
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have shown to be powerful classification
tools in tasks that range from check reading to medical diagnosis, reaching
close to human perception, and in some cases surpassing it. However, the
problems to solve are becoming larger and more complex, which translates to
larger CNNs, leading to longer training times that not even the adoption of
Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) could keep up to. This problem is partially
solved by using more processing units and distributed training methods that are
offered by several frameworks dedicated to neural network training. However,
these techniques do not take full advantage of the possible parallelization
offered by CNNs and the cooperative use of heterogeneous devices with different
processing capabilities, clock speeds, memory size, among others. This paper
presents a new method for the parallel training of CNNs that can be considered
as a particular instantiation of model parallelism, where only the
convolutional layer is distributed. In fact, the convolutions processed during
training (forward and backward propagation included) represent from -\%
of global processing time. The paper analyzes the influence of network size,
bandwidth, batch size, number of devices, including their processing
capabilities, and other parameters. Results show that this technique is capable
of diminishing the training time without affecting the classification
performance for both CPUs and GPUs. For the CIFAR-10 dataset, using a CNN with
two convolutional layers, and and kernels, respectively, best
speedups achieve using four CPUs and with three GPUs.
Modern imaging datasets, larger and more complex than CIFAR-10 will certainly
require more than -\% of processing time calculating convolutions, and
speedups will tend to increase accordingly
Distribution-Based Categorization of Classifier Transfer Learning
Transfer Learning (TL) aims to transfer knowledge acquired in one problem,
the source problem, onto another problem, the target problem, dispensing with
the bottom-up construction of the target model. Due to its relevance, TL has
gained significant interest in the Machine Learning community since it paves
the way to devise intelligent learning models that can easily be tailored to
many different applications. As it is natural in a fast evolving area, a wide
variety of TL methods, settings and nomenclature have been proposed so far.
However, a wide range of works have been reporting different names for the same
concepts. This concept and terminology mixture contribute however to obscure
the TL field, hindering its proper consideration. In this paper we present a
review of the literature on the majority of classification TL methods, and also
a distribution-based categorization of TL with a common nomenclature suitable
to classification problems. Under this perspective three main TL categories are
presented, discussed and illustrated with examples
A logic for n-dimensional hierarchical refinement
Hierarchical transition systems provide a popular mathematical structure to
represent state-based software applications in which different layers of
abstraction are represented by inter-related state machines. The decomposition
of high level states into inner sub-states, and of their transitions into inner
sub-transitions is common refinement procedure adopted in a number of
specification formalisms.
This paper introduces a hybrid modal logic for k-layered transition systems,
its first-order standard translation, a notion of bisimulation, and a modal
invariance result. Layered and hierarchical notions of refinement are also
discussed in this setting.Comment: In Proceedings Refine'15, arXiv:1606.0134
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