“Grau-Gelb” (engl. “grey-yellow”) - a painting created with the Brain Painting application by a locked-in end user with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (© J Thiele, with permission).

<p>“Grau-Gelb” (engl. “grey-yellow”) - a painting created with the Brain Painting application by a locked-in end user with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (© J Thiele, with permission).</p

Transfer of the matrix based speller paradigm to the Qualilife software.

<p>Left: To adapt end-users to the flashing of dots, those were placed in each cell of the well familiar matrix. Instead of the letters those dots were flashed. Right: Screen shot of the Qualilife communication application. The now familiar red dots were assigned to each option of the Qualilife communication and control surface. Red dots appear randomly at each possible “button” to press. Attention needs to be focused on the specific button to be pressed by counting how often the red dot is appearing.</p

Summary of evaluation results.

1<p>4 sessions (copy spelling, free spelling, emailing, internet surfing).</p>2<p>data refer to the last of 5 free painting sessions.</p>3<p>Utility metric.</p>4<p>3 sessions (copy spelling with and without EMG correction, free spelling (sentence) and emailing).</p>5<p>ITR for BCI only; EMG correction not included.</p>6<p>6 sessions (screening, copy task and free mode playing).</p>7<p>the end-user stated “maybe”.</p>8<p>only 4 of 9 end-users were asked this question.</p><p>Summary of evaluation results.</p

Mean and range for all dimensions of workload and total score for each application averaged across tasks and end-users.

<p>The possible range of each subscale and the total score is 0 to 100.</p><p>Mean and range for all dimensions of workload and total score for each application averaged across tasks and end-users.</p

Evaluation metrics for each aspect of usability.

<p>NASA-TLX  =  NASA Task Load Index.</p><p>QUEST  =  Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology.</p><p>ATD-PA  =  Assistive Technology Device Predisposition Assessment.</p><p>VAS  =  visual analogue scale.</p><p>Evaluation metrics for each aspect of usability.</p

Principles and stages of the user-centered design (left column) and their transfer to BCI-controlled applications (right column).

<p>This iterative approach has been realized with the BCI controlled Brain Painting. Numbers in parentheses refer to the publication in which the corresponding steps were realized.</p><p>Principles and stages of the user-centered design (left column) and their transfer to BCI-controlled applications (right column).</p