Estudio de caso de un adolescente condenado por parricidio

A case study of a teenager convicted of a crime of parricide. Unlike crimes committed by adults, studies on the psychological profile of young parricide are scarce. The aim of this paper was to analyse a prototypical case of parricide committed by an adolescent to identify the different idiosyncratic elements in this specific type of behavior. The methods consisted of a pretest assessment of psychiatric reports, a meeting with the treatment team in the penitentiary and the collection of comparative information. Subsequently an in-depth assessment of the individual was carried out, in individual interviews applying the tests, SIMS, MCMI, WAIS and the 102 criminological variables list, as well as the Hare PCL semi structured interview. The results indicate that we are facing an individual with clear psychopathic features, with an above-average intelligence level, not a simulator and with a pathological personality. The results are interpreted in terms of the existing literature on this subject and future research developments and the practical use of this type of study are proposed.Al contrario que en los crímenes cometidos por población adulta, los estudios sobre el perfil psicológico de jóvenes parricidas son escasos. El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en el análisis de un caso prototípico de parricidio cometido por un adolescente para identificar los distintos elementos idiosincráticos de este tipo específico de comportamiento. La metodología empleada consistió en la evaluación pretest de informes psiquiátricos, reunión con el equipo de tratamientos del centro penitenciario, y la recogida de información de contraste. Posteriormente se llevó a cabo una evaluación en profundidad con el sujeto, en entrevistas individuales se le aplicaron las pruebas SIMS, MCMI, WAIS y listado de 102 variables criminológicas, así como la entrevista semiestructurada PCL de Hare. Los resultados indican que estamos ante un sujeto con claras características psicopáticas, con una inteligencia por encima de la media, no simulador y con una personalidad patológica. Los resultados se interpretan en función de la bibliografía existente sobre el tema y se plantean futuras líneas de investigación y aplicaciones prácticas de este tipo de estudio

Repo-Man/PP1 regulates heterochromatin formation in interphase

Repo-Man is a protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) targeting subunit that regulates mitotic progression and chromatin remodelling. After mitosis, Repo-Man/PP1 remains associated with chromatin but its function in interphase is not known. Here we show that Repo-Man, via Nup153, is enriched on condensed chromatin at the nuclear periphery and at the edge of the nucleopore basket. Repo-Man/PP1 regulates the formation of heterochromatin, dephosphorylates H3S28 and it is necessary and sufficient for heterochromatin protein 1 binding and H3K27me3 recruitment. Using a novel proteogenomic approach, we show that Repo-Man is enriched at subtelomeric regions together with H2AZ and H3.3 and that depletion of Repo-Man alters the peripheral localization of a subset of these regions and alleviates repression of some polycomb telomeric genes. This study shows a role for a mitotic phosphatase in the regulation of the epigenetic landscape and gene expression in interphase

Sostenibilidad, atención a la diversidad e integración en el huerto didáctico de la facultad de educación: actividades innovadoras enfocadas a la formación inicial de Maestros

En este proyecto utiliza el huerto didáctico de la Facultad de Educación-Centro de Formación del Profesorado de la UCM como una herramienta para trabajar la educación para la sostenibilidad a través de actividades orientadas a atender la diversidad del alumnado y favorecer la integración, con estudiantes de los Grados de Maestro de Educación Infantil y Educación Primaria. La Educación Ambiental es clave en la formación inicial de maestros, quienes tendrán la responsabilidad de educar a los futuros gestores de una sociedad que afronta grandes retos ambientales a nivel global. Sin embargo, esta disciplina presenta muchas carencias en la formación inicial de maestros, donde no existe ninguna asignatura obligatoria con contenidos específicos en Educación para la Sostenibilidad y donde, además, raramente se trabaja de manera trasversal a lo largo de los estudios del Grado de Maestro. Por otro lado, un reto que tendrán que afrontar los futuros maestros en las aulas es atender la diversidad de su alumnado y favorecer la integración de los estudiantes en las dinámicas de trabajo. El huerto didáctico es un espacio que ofrece importantes beneficios a los estudiantes de los Grados en Maestro en este sentido, permitiendo trabajar de manera manipulativa, vivencial, colaborativa y globalizadora contenidos de diferentes áreas del currículo escolar en un contexto diferente al aula muy propicio para trabajar aspectos relacionados con la integración y la atención a la diversidad. Desde su creación en 2014, el huerto didáctico de la Facultad de Educación ha crecido curso tras curso debido al éxito que ha tenido entre todos los miembros de la comunidad universitaria, docentes, PAS y estudiantes, quienes cada año realizan allí las prácticas académicas de diversas asignaturas. El trabajo que presenta este proyecto está ligado de manera oficial a la formación académica de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Educación a través de las prácticas de distintas asignaturas del Departamento de Didáctica de Ciencias Experimentales, Sociales y Matemáticas, como “Conocimiento del Medio Natural” (Grado de Maestro de Educación Infantil) y “Fundamentos y Didáctica de la Biología” (Grado de Maestro de Educación Primaria). Las actividades que se realizaron en el huerto didáctico en el marco de este proyecto tuvieron una dimensión digital a través de la creación de un seminario específico en el Campus Virtual de las asignaturas involucradas, para favorecer el intercambio de materiales, información y fomentar la coordinación, cooperación e integración entre estudiantes. En el proyecto participaron 7 docentes del Departamento de Didáctica de Ciencias Experimentales, Sociales y Matemáticas, 1 miembro del Personal de Administración y Servicios de la Facultad de Educación (Jefe de Conserjería) y unos 150 estudiantes. El huerto didáctico de la Facultad de Educación contó con el apoyo del Departamento de Didáctica de Ciencias Experimentales, Sociales y Matemáticas, del Equipo de Gobierno de la Facultad, y de la Unidad Técnica de Mantenimiento de Zonas Verdes de la UCM. El objetivo final del proyecto fue dotar a los futuros Maestros de Infantil y Primaria con competencias para el uso del huerto didáctico como recurso innovador de aprendizaje en cuestiones de sostenibilidad, atención a la diversidad e integración en las escuelas, donde los huertos escolares han proliferado significativamente.Depto. de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales , Sociales y MatemáticasFac. de EducaciónFALSEsubmitte

Global Incidence and Risk Factors Associated With Postoperative Urinary Retention Following Elective Inguinal Hernia Repair

Importance Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is a well-recognized complication of inguinal hernia repair (IHR). A variable incidence of POUR has previously been reported in this context, and contradictory evidence surrounds potential risk factors.Objective To ascertain the incidence of, explore risk factors for, and determine the health service outcomes of POUR following elective IHR.Design, Setting, and Participants The Retention of Urine After Inguinal Hernia Elective Repair (RETAINER I) study, an international, prospective cohort study, recruited participants between March 1 and October 31, 2021. This study was conducted across 209 centers in 32 countries in a consecutive sample of adult patients undergoing elective IHR.Exposure Open or minimally invasive IHR by any surgical technique, under local, neuraxial regional, or general anesthesia.Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the incidence of POUR following elective IHR. Secondary outcomes were perioperative risk factors, management, clinical consequences, and health service outcomes of POUR. A preoperative International Prostate Symptom Score was measured in male patients.Results In total, 4151 patients (3882 male and 269 female; median [IQR] age, 56 [43-68] years) were studied. Inguinal hernia repair was commenced via an open surgical approach in 82.2% of patients (n = 3414) and minimally invasive surgery in 17.8% (n = 737). The primary form of anesthesia was general in 40.9% of patients (n = 1696), neuraxial regional in 45.8% (n = 1902), and local in 10.7% (n = 446). Postoperative urinary retention occurred in 5.8% of male patients (n = 224), 2.97% of female patients (n = 8), and 9.5% (119 of 1252) of male patients aged 65 years or older. Risk factors for POUR after adjusted analyses included increasing age, anticholinergic medication, history of urinary retention, constipation, out-of-hours surgery, involvement of urinary bladder within the hernia, temporary intraoperative urethral catheterization, and increasing operative duration. Postoperative urinary retention was the primary reason for 27.8% of unplanned day-case surgery admissions (n = 74) and 51.8% of 30-day readmissions (n = 72).Conclusions The findings of this cohort study suggest that 1 in 17 male patients, 1 in 11 male patients aged 65 years or older, and 1 in 34 female patients may develop POUR following IHR. These findings could inform preoperative patient counseling. In addition, awareness of modifiable risk factors may help to identify patients at increased risk of POUR who may benefit from perioperative risk mitigation strategies

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AimThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery.MethodsThis was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin.ResultsOverall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P ConclusionOne in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease